PRINCIPLES CS ye ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (PSAD/SEC) CIVIL ENGINEERING ONLINE REVIEW rm Wa ans OR(7 383Bh Engineering Review and Training Center & ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials [Link] AM TORSION ‘An expression for the maximum shear stress is: Tr Tmay= This equation, known as the torsion formula, shows that the maximum, shear stress is proportional to the applied torque T and inversely proportional to the polar moment of inertia J. For a circle of radius r and diameter d, the polar moment of inertia is, ape JS 2° 32 (383 Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials [Link] AM TORSION ‘Substituting in the equation for shearing stress for solid circular shaft gives: 167 Tmax = aaa me For hollow circular shafts, the shearing stress would be: _ 16rd. Tmax (Da)(SEEM Engineering Review and Training Center & Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials [Link] AM TORSION If the tube is relatively thin so that the wall thickness t is small compared to the average radius r, we obtain the following approximate formulas for the polar moment of inertia 5, tae J=2nrt= 4 Torsional shearing stress now becomes (for thin tubes): Tmax == Foie = Zag (General formula) POWER TRANSMISSION oes aN e The power P transmitted by a shaft is a function of the torque magnitude T in the shaft and its rotational speed «, P=Tw 2nnT 60 where w is measured in radians per second, f is frequency in Hertz and n is the number of revolutions per minute. fT(GREED Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Stength of Materials [Link] AM TORSION The equation for the angle of twist: TL oa +8 (GEREED Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Strvtural Engineering and Construction ~ Stength of Materials [Link] AM PROBLEMS A.500-mm-long solid steel [G = 80 GPa] shaft is being T= 20N-m L= s00mm = G = 80GPa ’ designed to transmit a torque of T = 20 N-m. The ‘maximum shear stress in the shaft must not exceed = TOMPa @ = 3deg 70 MPa, and the angle of twist must not exceed 3 deg in the 500-mm length. Determine the minimum ‘Based on shearing stress: diameter d required for the shaft. Tr 16T 7 nd 16.(20.10°N-mm) 7oMPa ‘ wd 4 (es 10°N-mm) = TOMPa{@BEED: Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials PROBLEMS ‘A.500-mm-long solid stee! [G = 80 GPa] shaft is being designed to transmit a torque of T= 20 N-m. The maximum shear stress in the shaft must not exceed 70 MPa, and the angle of twist must not exceed 3 deg in the 500-mm length. Determine the minimum, diameter d required for the shaft. [Link] AM 3 5 {16-(20-10°N. mm] a Se Nm — 332mm 7 T0MPa Based on anole of twist (20.1020 mmm). Soomm = -d* soo00mPa 2 {_ (20:10) 500mm a= = 12488 mm > (low & owoar) es I (REED Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials PROBLEMS Atorque of T = 2.75 kN-m will be applied to the hollow thin-walled aluminum alloy section shown. ‘the section has a uniform thickness of 4 mm, determine the magnitude of the maximum shear stress developed in the section. (Note: The dimensions shown are measured to-the-wall centerline.) [Link] AM 275kN-m 2Aty ty = 4mm sx-(25mm)? 2 ‘A= (150mm-somm) + ~~" — 481.748 mm: T= 2750000 N-mm = 40528 MPa 3/4 aah Eames Review and Training Center 5 <0 mars aay Oy age Ty-O Tye 2 Fin ‘@ i = eo OE ae ‘solid steel (G = 80 GPa] shaft of variable diameter is subjected tothe - torques shown. The diameter of the shaft in segments (1) and(3)is 50 Tag = 1200N-m assumption COW positive tim, and the diameter of the shaft in segment (2) is 80 mm, The bearings shown allow the shaft to turn freely. Tc = ~3300N-m {a} Determine the maximum shear stress in the compound shaft. {0} Deterve he otatonsogleofpuleyD wih repecttopulley. ST = 0 zal (1200+ 4500-2800) NV m+ Tep = 8 Tep ~ {(-1200+ 4500 - 2800): N-m] = -500N-m 50mm. dy = 80mm 16-7, Tap = 48892MPa a-dy 16-Tg¢ Tac = = -32826MPa medy 6-Tep Tp = = -20372MPa dg(SRE Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials [Link] AM PROBLEMS A tubular steel shaft is being designed to ee transmit 225 kW at 1,700 rpm. The maximum shear stress in the shaft must not exceed 30 coe MPa, If the outside diameter of the shaft is D = 75 mm, determine the minimum wall thickness for the shaft. rad. w= 178024" p= 225000W s 1263.87 N-m 7 = 30MPa Given d= Imm 16-(1263.877-10 N-mm)-75mm mlreaniaeas| d= Find(d) = 62795mm =D = 75mm 30MPa D-d ty = Sp = 6103 mm(GBGE: Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction — Strength of Materials FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS torque is transmitted by the shearing force P created in he ee eee number of bolts n, the torque capacity of the coupling is 4 Tareas a T= Buin, +Psan where the subscript 1 refer to bolts on the outer circle an {REED Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials x [Link] AM FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS. For rigid flanges, the shear deformations in the bolts are proportional to their radial distances from the shaft axis. The shearing strains are related by nok Ry Rp Using Hooke's law for shear, G = t/y, GR, GR, A & oe GR, GeRe If the bolts on the two circles have the same area, A, = Ay, and if the bolts are made of the same material, Gy relation between P, and P, reduces to Py _ Pe Ry ReEngineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials PROBLEMS A flanged bolt coupling consists of ten 20- mm-diameter bolts spaced evenly around 2 bolt circle 400 mm in diameter. Determine the torque capacity of the coupling if the allowable shearing stress in the bolts is 40 MPa, (38H Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Strength of Materials PROBLEMS A flanged bolt coupling consists of eight 10- mm-diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter, and six 10-mm-diameter stee! bolts on a concentric bolt circle 300 mm in diameter, as shown. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa in the bolts? P, 200 mm 150 mm T= SPRn = Py Ry-ny+ P2-Ro-n3 + +P Ray, PorA 7 ~40MPa = © (20mm)? = 314159mm? A= 12566371 400mm T=P 10 = 25133 kN-m 2 [Link] AM + = 6oMPa 1 _ Pe ifbolts have same diameter (came area) R, RQ and same material ‘The farther the bolt from the center, the larger the force or the stress P, = somPa- .(1omm)* ~ 4712.369N 7) Pa=—-R 2 2 Rj P, 150mm b Py = _____ = 3534292N 200mm Ry = 200mm = 150mm T = Py-Ry-8 + Py-Rp-6 = 10.721kN.mGEAR Engineering Review and Training Center (June 2021 Review) _& ‘Structural Engineering and Corsructon~ Svergth o Matenals [Link] AM THERMAL STRESS €r = a(AT) a(AT)L _ _ ol = ae = a(ary, = Or = a(AT)E er = thermal strain 5, = thermal deformation a = coefficient of thermal expansion op = thermal stress GER Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Consructon~ Svergth a Matenals At a temperature of 5°C, a 3-mm gap exists between two polymer bars and a rigid support, as shown. Bars (1) and (2) have coefficients of thermal expansion of «, = 140 x 10°*/"C and a2 = 67 x 10°*/°C, respectively. The supports at A and C are rigid. Determine the lowest temperature at which the 3-mm gap is closed. =a _ Spy yp = 3mm . 140-10" ©. (Ty 5) 540mm + 67-10" ®.(Ty 5)-360mm = 5mm Given Ty=1 7 140-107 ®.( Ty 5) 540mm + 67-107 ®.(Ty~ 5)-360mm = 3mm Ty = Find(T,) = 35.084GAGE Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Enginering and Consructon~ Svergth a Matenals , ‘The horizontal steel rod, 2.5 m long and 1200 mm? in cross-sectional area, is [Link] AM secured between two walls as shown. Ifthe rod is stress-free at 20 degC, Considering part (the walls do not move) compute the stress when the temperature has dropped to -20 deg C. 2 ‘Assume that (1) the walls do not move and (2) the walls move together a A = 1200mm’ = L = 2.5m distance A = 0.5 mm. Use a = 11.7410°/C and = 200 GPa, y= -20 20 T = -20-20 = -40 by = 147-10" ®.(40)-2500mm = 137mm Sp = 8p = 7mm. 1c = 117-10. °-40-200000MPa = 935 MPa GAS Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Consiucbon~ Stent o Mater ‘The horizontal steel rod, 2.5 m long and 1200 mm? in cross-sectional area, is [Link] AM secured between two walls as shown, Ifthe rod is stress-free at 20 deg C, compute the stress when the temperature has dropped to -20 deg C. ‘Assume that (1) the walls do not move and (2) the walls move together a = 117-10 distance A = 0.5 mm. Use a = 11.7x10°/C and € = 200 GPa, =a AT-E -40-200000MPa = 93.6 MPa P = o-A= n2320N A= 200m? ba25m ee SS ee ee j are-awe 4 by = Spt d ® _ me Ar=-20C. Pa ea ® ! ; sun faol we soo 117-10" ®.(40)-2500mm = 200M osm eA 2ccc00MPa ¢ = Find(a) = 536MPaCCORBRA Engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Enginesring and Consructon~ Svergh a Matenals STATICALLY INDETERMINATE (AXIALLY LOADED) PROBLEMS ‘The concrete post is reinforced axially with four symmetrically placed steel [Link] AM bars, each of cross-sectional area 900 mm?. Compute the stress in each material when the 1000-KN axial load is applied. The modull of elasticity are 200 GPa for steel and 14 GPa for concrete. (gees Pst Peone 4:(s500mm?)- 20000012 | (00mm)? -4:(s00mm?) | 14000mPa 4 Pet + Peone = 100010°N Pot . 373134328 = Find( Pst. Peone) = N Pe 626865672 103.648MPa cr —_2r __7.255MPa (300mm)? - 4-800mm? ICOREA engineering Review and Training Center ‘Structural Engineering and Construction ~ Svergth a Matenals Irie erful ester el peat ceeeoedin nerevioce sable be [Link] AM 0, = 120 MPa and 6, = 6 MPa. Compute the maximum safe axial load P that may be applied. Cet atow = 12MPO oc ay = 6MPa Being | P se Pett Pe= Sedp= be tallow At* eallow’Ae= P wrong! a ci ss Ost allow = 20 MPa ‘120MPa.14000MPa = 84MPa ‘200000MPa > % allow: fall! Concrete fails first, allow = &MPa ‘6MPa-200000MPa Os 8574 MPa 14000MPa, O54 < K! Ost allow ~ 2OMPa st allow a, 6MPa ogy = 85.714MPa. Eee P = 85714MPa-4-900mm? + 6MPa-| (300mm)? — 4.900mm?| P= 22697kN