Module 1

Lesson 1 Page 2

What I know

1. Answer: a. Margin – The difference between amount of sales and cost of goods sold.
2. Answer: d. 50% - Rate of Mark-up = (Selling price – (Cost)/Cost)*100 = ((120-80)/120 =
40/80 )*100 = 50%.
3. Answer: b. 60% - Rate of Margin = ((Selling price – Cost)/Selling price)*100 = ((150-60)/150)
*100 = (90/150)*100 = 60%.
4. Answer: a. 30.30% - Rate of Margin = ((Selling price – Cost)/Selling price)*100 = ((214.50 –
149.50)/214.50)*100 = 30.30%.
5. Answer: b. Margin – profit that is based on the selling price.
6. Answer: d. Cost
7. Answer: c. 312.50 pesos - Item cost = 250 pesos, mark up 25% or 0.25, Selling price = cost *(1+
Mark up %) = 250 * (1 + 0.25) = 312.50 pesos
8. Mark up = Selling Price – Cost = 300 – 200 = 100 pesos (h)
9. % Margin = ((Selling price – cost)/ Selling price) *100 = ((300 – 200) / 300) *100 = (100/300)*100
= 33.3% (b)
10. Cost = Selling price – Mark up = 800 – 120 = 680 pesos (c)
11. % Mark up = (Mark up / Cost) *100 = (120/680) *100 = 17.65% (a)
12. % Margin = ((Selling price – cost)/Selling price) *100 = ((800 – 680)/800) *100 = (120/800) *100
= 15% (f)
13. Selling price = Mark up + Cost = 280 + 970 = 1250 pesos (d)
14. % Mark up = (Mark up / cost) *100 = (280/970) *100 = 28.87% (e)
15. % Margin = ((Selling price – cost)/Selling price) *100 = ((1250 – 970)/1250) *100 = 22.4% (g)

Lesson 1 Page 4

What’s In

1. Given Item cost = 3400 and mark up % = 5% or 0.05

Selling Price = Item cost (1+mark up%) = 3400 * (1 + 0.05) = 3570 pesos

2. Given mark on 12% or 0.12, cost = 19,990

Selling Price = Item cost (1+mark up%/100) = 19990*(1+0.12) = 22,388.80 pesos

3. Given item cost = 15952, selling price = 18000

Mark up = Selling price – item cost = 18000 – 15952 = 2048 pesos

4. Given mark up 30% or 0.30, item cost = 24980pesos

 Mark-on = item cost * mark up% = 24980 * 0.30 = 7,494 pesos

5. Given cost = 7398 and mark on is 2575, find selling price

Selling price is cost + mark on = 7398 + 2575 = 9,973 pesos

What’ New (Let’s help Noelle!) Page 5

Given cost 650 pesos and selling price of 1100

a. Gross Margin = mark up = selling price – cost = 1100 – 650 = 450

b. Mark up = gross margin = 450
c. % mark up = markup/cost * 100 = (450/650)*100 = 69.23%
d. % margin = markup/selling price * 100 = (450/1100)*100 = 40.91%

What’s More Page 9

Activity 1
1. Mark up = Selling price – Cost = 400 – 350 = 50 pesos
2. % Mark up on SP = (Mark up/ Selling price) * 100 = (50/400) *100 = 12.50%
3. Cost = Selling Price – Mark up = 950 – 125 = 825 pesos
4. % Mark up on SP = (Mark up/ Selling price) * 100 = (125/950) *100 = 13.16%
5. % Mark up on SP = (Selling price - Cost/ Selling price) * 100
% Markup on SP / 100 = 1 – Cost/Selling Price
Cost/Selling Price = 1 - % Mark up on SP / 100
Selling Price = Cost / (1 - % Mark up on SP/100)
Selling Price = 900/ (1 – (28%/100)) = 900/ (1 – 0.28) = 900/0.72 = 1250 pesos

6. Mark up = Selling price – Cost = 1250 – 900 = 350 pesos

7. Cost = Selling Price * (1 - % markup/100) = 2380*(1 – 11.76%/100) = 2380* (1-0.1176) = 2380 *
0.8824 = 2100 pesos
8. Mark up = Selling price – cost = 2380 – 2100 = 280 pesos
9. Selling Price = Cost + Mark up = 2500 + 300 = 2800 pesos
10. Mark up % = (mark up/selling price) * 100 = ( 300 / 2800 ) * 100 = 10.71%

Activity 2

1. Mark up = Selling Price – Cost = 800 – 550 = 250 pesos

2. %Mark up cost = (Markup/Cost) * 100 = (250/550) * 100 = 45.45%
3. Cost = Selling Price – Mark up = 2250 – 550 = 1700 pesos
4. % Mark up Cost = (Markup/Cost) * 100 = (550/1700) * 100 = 32.35%
5. % Markup Cost = (Markup/Cost) * 100
% Markup Cost/100 = (Selling price – Cost)/Cost
% Markup Cost/100 = Selling price/ cost – 1
Selling price = Cost ((% Markup Cost/100) +1)
Selling price = 1030((72.82/100 + 1) = 1030 (1.7282) = 1780 pesos

6. Mark up = Selling price – Cost = 1780 – 1030 = 750 pesos

7. Selling price = Cost ((% Markup Cost/100) +1)
Cost = Selling price / (1+ (% Markup Cost/100)) = 4500/ (1+15.38/100) = 4500/ (1.1538) =
3900 pesos
8. Mark up = Selling price – cost = 4500 – 3900.16 = 600 pesos
9. Selling price = Cost + mark up = 2800 + 375 = 3175 pesos
10. % Mark up cost = (mark up/cost) * 100 = (375/2800) * 100 = 13.39%

Activity 3. Worded Problems – Page 9

1. Given cost = 350 and mark up is 20%.

(SP – cost / SP ) *100 = Markup%
1- Cost/sp = Markup%/100
Cost/SP = 1- Mark up%/100
SP = Cost / (1 – Markup%/100)
SP = 350/ (1-20/100) = 350/(1-.2) = 350/0.8 = 437.50 pesos

2. Given cost = 3600 and selling price is 4450, find % margin.

% Margin = ((Selling price – cost)/ Selling price) *100 = ((4450-3600)/4450)*100 = 19.10%

3. Given cost = 3600 and selling price is 4450, find % mark up base on cost.
% mark up = ((4450-3600)/3600)*100 = 23.61%

4. Given Cost of 547.50 pesos and mark up of 20%.

Selling price = Item cost ( 1 + mark up%/100) = 547.50 ( 1+ 20/100) = 547.50*(1.20) = 657 pesos

5. Given cost 1231.91 pesos and mark up of 80%

Selling price = Item cost ( 1 + mark up%/100) = 1231.91 (1+ 80/100) = 1231.91* (1.80) = 2,217.44
pesos

What I have Learned page 10

1. What is gross margin? It is the net sales less the cost of goods sold.
2. How do we obtain mark-up/profit? It is dividing the mark up price by the profit which is the
sales less cost of the goods multiplied by 100.
3. What is the difference between margin and mark-up? Margin refers to the amount derived by
subtracting cost of the goods sold during an accounted period from its total sales. On the other
hand, mark-up refers to the amount or percentage of profits derived by the company over the
product’s cost price.
4. Why do traders express mark-ups based on selling price? Marking up on the selling price gives
higher profit than marking up on the cost.
5. Why does rate of mark-up based on cost bigger than rate of mark-up based on selling price?
Mark up rate on cost has bigger rate than mark up rate of selling price since cost is less than
selling price. A lower denominator in rates yield a higher percentage when the numerator is
constant.

What Can I do? Page 10

Given cost = 25,999
a) Find SP when Mark up% on cost is 35%?
% Markup Cost = (Markup/Cost) * 100
35 = (Markup/25999) *100
0.35 = Markup / 25999
Mark up = 25,999 * 0.35 = 9099.65

Mark up = 9,099.65

SP = Mark up + cost = 9099.65 + 25999 = 35,098.65

b) Given margin % of 35, find SP and gross profit.

% Margin = (Selling price – cost)/SP * 100

35/100 = 1 – cost/SP

Cost/SP = 1 – 0.35

SP = cost / (1 – 0.35)
SP = 25,999 / (0.65) = 39,998.46 pesos

Gross Profit = SP – cost = 39,998.46 – 25,999 = 13,999.46 pesos

c) Given SP = 30,000, what is the rate of mark-up and rate of margin?

% Mark up = (Markup/ Cost ) *100

 % Mark up = ((SP – Cost)/Cost ) * 100

% Mark up = ((30,000 – 25,999)/ 25,999) * 100

% Mark up = 15.39%

% Margin = ((SP – Cost)/SP )* 100

% Margin = ((30000 – 25999)/30000) * 100

% Margin = 13.67%

Assessment Page 11

1. b. Margin

2. Cost = 6800 pesos, mark up 15%, Selling price = Cost (1 + mark up%/100) = 6800 * (1+ 15/100) = 6800
* (1.15) = 7820 pesos (c)

3. Cost = 16,500 pesos and sells for 18000 pesos. Mark up = ((SP – Cost)/ Cost )*100 = ((18000 –
16500)/16500) * 100 = 9.09% (a)

4. Selling Price = 8999 pesos, mark up% = 25%, Cost = Selling price/ (1 + markup%/100) =
8999/(1+25/100) = 8999/1.25 = 7,199.20 pesos (d)

5. Selling Price = 8999 pesos, mark up% = 25%, Profit = Selling price – Cost = 8999 – 7199.20 = 1799.80
pesos (c)

6. Mark-up (c)

7. {Mark up / selling price} * 100 = Margin (a)

8. SP as rate of cost = { selling price / cost } * 100 (c)

9. Costs = 27990 pesos, margin = 27%,

Margin% = ((SP – cost)/SP) * 100

27/100 = 1 – cost/SP

Cost/SP = 1-0.27
SP = cost / (1-0.27) = 27990 / 0.73 = 38,342.47 pesos (b)

10. Gross Margin = SP – Cost = 38342.47 – 27990 = 10,352.47 pesos (c)

11. %Markup SP = ( Markup/SP ) *100 = (700/4500)*100 = 15.56% (b)

12. % Mark up Cost = (Mark up / Cost) * 100 = (700/3800) * 100 = 18.42% (d)

13. %Markup SP = ( Markup/SP ) *100 and % Mark up Cost = (Mark up / Cost) * 100

(%Markup SP/100 ) * SP = Mark up and (% Mark up cost/100) * Cost = Mark up

Therefore, (%Markup SP/100 ) * SP = (% Mark up cost/100) * Cost

SP = ((% Mark up cost/100) * Cost) / (%Markup SP/100)

SP = ((8.7/100) * 7360) / (8/100) = 640.32/0.08 = 8004 pesos (e)

14. % Mark up Cost = (Mark up / Cost) * 100

8.70 = (Mark up / 7360) * 100

0.087 = Mark up / 7360

Mark up = 7360 * .087 = 640.32 pesos (a)

15. %Markup SP = ( Markup/SP ) *100 = (820/11320) * 100 = 7.24% (c)

Additional Activities

Activity 1 page 13

1. Given cost = 15590

a) Solve SP with 20% mark up base on cost and SP

SP base on cost = Cost * (1+%markup/100) = 15590 * (1+20/100) = 15590*1.2 = 18,708 pesos;

Markup% = ((SP-cost)/SP) *100

20/100 = 1 – cost/SP

Cost/SP = 1 – 0.20

SP = cost / (1-0.20) = 15590 / 0.80

SP = 19,487.50 pesos

b) Amount of Mark up if SP is 21,000 pesos.

Mark up = SP – Cost = 21000 – 15590 = 5,410 pesos

c) Rate of Margin and rate of mark-up if SP is 22,790 pesos.

% Margin = ((SP – cost)/SP ) *100 = ((22790-15590)/22790) * 100 = 31.59%

% Mark up = ((SP – cost)/cost ) *100 = ((22790 – 15590)/ 15590) * 100 = 46.18%

2. Given cost = 19,333 pesos

a) Mark up = 5000, what is rate of margin and rate of mark up?

% Margin = (Mark up/ cost + markup ) *100 = (5000/ 5000+19333) * 100 = 20.55%

% Mark up = (Mark up/cost ) *100 = (5000/ 19333) * 100 = 25.86%

b) SP based on cost with %markup = 10%,

SP = Cost + (1+ %markup/100) = 19,333 * (1 + 10/100) = 19333 * 1.10 = 21,266.30 pesos

c) SP if given %Margin = 10.97%

% Margin = ((SP – cost)/SP ) *100

%Margin/100 = 1 – cost/SP

Cost/SP = 1- %margin/100

SP = cost / (1 - % margin/100) = 19,333 / (1 – 10.97/100) = 19333/0.8903 = 21,715.15 pesos

Activity 2 page 13

1.%Markup cost = ( Markup/cost ) * 100 = (500/3000) * 100 = 16.67%

2. %Mark up SP = ( Markup/ SP) * 100 = (500/3500) * 100 = 14.29%

3. Cost = SP – markup = 670 – 120 = 550 pesos

4. % mark up cost = (Markup/cost ) * 100 = (120/550) * 100 = 21.82%

5. Selling Price = Cost + markup = 1260 + 375 = 1,635 pesos

6. % mark up sp = (Markup/SP) * 100 = (375/1635) * 100 = 22.94%

7. Selling Price = Cost + markup = 2800 + 700 = 3500 pesos

8. % mark up cost = (Markup/cost) * 100 = (700/2800) * 100 = 25%

9. Mark up = SP – cost = 5100 – 3900 = 1200 pesos

10. %Markup SP = (Markup/SP) * 100 = (1200/5100) * 100 = 23.53%

Module 2

What I know Page 2

1. a. proportion – describing two equal ratios

2. b. Indirect – is not a type of proportion

3. c. inverse – when x increases, y decreases, there is inverse proportion on x and y

4. d. Partitive – is the occurrence of finding each portion of a whole

5. a. direct – when x increases, y increases too.

6. If 1 box is 30 pesos, 4 box will be 4*30 = 120 pesos. (b)

7. c. hours and wage has direct proportion – increase in hours work increases your wage

8. a. direct proportion – use for upsizing objects such as 5 cookies to 50 cookies due to increase of
ingredients

9. given Andy uses 30 minutes to burn 200 calories, to burn 400 calories, x/400 = 30/200

X = (400) * (3/20) = 60 minutes (c)

10. Partitive proportion of 430 in the ratio 2:3:5 is adding the parts first then multiplying to each which is

2+3+5 = 10, 430/10 = 43. 2*43 = 86, 3*43 = 129, 5*43 = 215. Thus, the answer is 86:129:215. (d)

11. 3pens/32 pesos, Thus, 15pcs/x. Answer: ( 323 )=( 15x )

12. Pens to paper is 4:8. Given 40 sheets of paper, pens is x. ( 48 )=( 40x )
13. Anna typed 150 words in 3 minutes. In 30 minutes, ( 1503 )=( 30x ) where x is the number of words in
30 minutes.

14. Boys to girls is 4:3. There are 12 more boys than girls. That means if x is number of boys, there are (x

– 12) girls. The equation is then: ( 43 )=( x−12

x
)
15. 3 men finishes in 3 weeks doing interior designing. In 1 week, ( 31 )=( 3x ) where x is number of men
needed in 1 week.
Whats In Page 4

1. A ratio is a comparison of numbers of measurements by division.

2. Two equal ratios forms a proportion.

3. A rate with a denominator of 1 is called unit rate.

4. A rate is a ratio in which the two terms are different in units.

5. There are 2 ways of writing ratios.

6. Given 500 students, 375 had been in basketball, 270 own either a cat or dog, 125 had traveled on an
airplane. Find ratio of students who own a cat or a dog to those who traveled on airplane to total of
students surveyed.

270/500 = 27/50

Final Answer: 27/50

7. He gave 8 cord protectors to his cousins, kept 2 cord for himself. Ratio of cord given to his cousins and
the chords he kept:

8 :2=4 :1.

8. 126 cakes sold in 3 hours. How many cakes could be sold in 7 hours?

126 x
=
3 7

126
x= ( 7 )=294 cakes
3

9. Athena painted 400 square feet in 2 hours. Paint 1000 square feet would take?

400 1000
=
2 x

1000
200=
x

1000
x= =5 hours
200

10. It rained last month 16 out of 30 days. Ratio of it did not rain last month:
 30−16 14 7
= or days it did not rain.
30 30 15

Answer: 7:15

Try This Page 5

1. P = 2C – Translating the word problem means double the value of C to get P.

2. L = ( 12 )D – This means we need to half D in order to get L.

3. F = 3H – The problem mentioned to thrice the value of H to get F in other words.

4. 2(A + E) – 5 – We have to get the sum first of A and E then twice their sum before we less 5.

5. (M-P)/2 + 2 – Here we have to subtract first M and P then divide them by 2 from the word half, then
simply add 2 as per the problem 2 more than.

What’s more Page 8

1. Chris earns 5000 in 20 days. In 30 days:

5000 x 5000
= x= ∗30=7,500 pesos .
20 30 20

2. Ann, Jane and May shared 360 stamps in ratio 3:4:5. Ann got:

3+ 4+5=12 parts

Ann got =3 ( 360 stamps

12 )=90 stamps

3. If 50 persons can consume food in 2 months, how many months can 30 persons consume the same
amount of food?

50 x
=
30 2

5
x= ∗2=3.33 months
3
4. If 6 men can paint a wall in 64 hours, how many men can paint it in 48 hours?

6 : 48=x : 64

48 64 64∗6
= x= x =8 men
6 x 48

5. 72 ducks fed in 14 days. If he sells 16 ducks, how long will the feed lasts.

After selling, 72-16 = 56 ducks

x :14=56 :72

14 x
=
56 72

14∗72
x= =18 days
56

What I have learned Page 9

1. What is a proportion? A mathematical expression of two equal valued ratios.

2. What are the 3 types of proportions? Direct, Inverse, Partitive

3. There is direct proportion between two values when both increases at the same time. That is as x
increases, y increases.

4. Two variables are called inversely proportional if and only if one value increases while the other
decreases or vice versa.

5. A partitive proportion or proportion by parts describes as the process by which a quantity is divided
into equal or unequal parts.

What I can Do Page 10

1. 3 bananas is for 25pesos. 12 bananas will be worth:

3/25 = 12/x
 x=
12
3
=12
3( )
25
=4∗25=100 pesos
25

2. 30 hectare land divided 1:2:3 to his children. 2 nd child will receive:

x= ( 1+2+3
30
)∗2= 306 ∗2=10 hectare

3. 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many cups will be needed for 20 people?

5 20
=
3 x

20
x= ∗3=4∗3=12 cups
5

4. 8 days job is finished by 6 workers. How many will be needed if to finish same job in 6 days?

8 x
=
6 6

8
x= ∗6=8 workers
6

5. supply lasts for 20 families in 1 week. Same supply will last how long if 3 more families have to be
supplied?

20 23
=
x 1

20
x= weeks=0.8695 weeks or * (7days/1week) = 6.09 days or around 6 days.
23

6. Finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How long to finish 18 pages?

 6 x
=
4 18

6∗18
x= =27 minutes
4

7. Cups of water to cups of sugar in menu is 3:1:1/2. For 5 servings,

(3 :1 : 12 )∗515 :5 : 52

Assessment Page 11

1. Four bags of cement are needed to make 1 cu meter concrete. How many bgs for 5 cu meters?

4 x
=
1 5

x=4∗5=20 bags of cement

c. 20

2. Download 100 MP3 tracks in 2 hrs., in 8 hours:

100 x
=
2 8

x=50∗8=400 MP 3 tracks

a. 400

3. 35 men can build swimming pool in 8 days. 20 men at same rate can do it for?

35 x
=
20 8

35
x= ∗8=14 days
20

b. 14 days
4. Mother divided the money among Ron, Sam and Maria in 2:3:5. If Maria got 150, find the total
amount.

Maria= ( 2+3+5
Total
)∗5150= Total
10
∗5

Total
150= Total=150∗2=300 pesos
2

d. 300 pesos

5. What must be added to 2:3 so it becomes 4:5?

2+ x 4
=
3+ x 5

5 ( 2+ x )=4 ( 3+ x )

10+5 x=12+4 x5 x−4 x=12−10

x=2.

b. 2

6. Four children decided expenses in ratio 2:3:4:5. How much did eldest pay if cost is 7406. Ratio is from
eldest to youngest.

Total 7406
Eldest= ∗2= ∗2=1058 pesos.
2+3+ 4+5 14

a. 1058 pesos

7. sick child mass is 28 kgs and proportion dose to 70 kgs with dose of 100ml. Find child dosage:

28 70
=
x 100

28∗100
x= =40 ml
70
 b. 40ml

8. 4 people can paint a fence in 3 hours. In same rate, how fast can 6 people paint it?

4 x
=
6 3

4
x= ∗3=2 hours
6

d. 2 hours

9. Mix 3 liters of water with 4 lemons for lemonade. How many liters with 10 lemons?

3 x
=
4 10

3∗10
x= =7.5 liters of water
4

c. 7.5 liters

10. One pipe 21 meters cut into 2 pieces. 2:5 ratio. Find length of shorter pipe:

Total 21
Short pipelength= ∗2= ∗2=6 meters
2+5 7

c. 6 meters

11. 3 sign pens cost 32 pesos. How much for 15 pieces? Let x be cost of 15 pieces of sign pen.

x 32
=
15 1

32
x= ∗15=48 0 pesos
1
12. Ratio of pens to sheets is 4:8. If there are 40 sheets, then the pens are:

Let x be number of pens.

x 4
=
40 8

4
x= ∗40=20 pens
8

13. Anna can type 150 words in 3 minutes. In 30 minutes, she can type:

Let x be her words typed in 30 minutes

x 150
=
30 3

150
x= ∗30=1500 words
3

14. Ratio of boys to girls is 4:3. There are 12 more boys than girls. Find the number of boys and girls.

Let x be the number of boys.

Then, the girls will be x−12.

4 x
=
3 x−12

4 ( x−12 )=3 x 4 x−48=3 x4 x−3 x=48x=48 boys

x−12=48−12=36 girls

15. 3 men can finish design in 3 weeks. To finish in 1 week, how many men would be needed?

Let x be number of men needed for 1 week work.

3 x
=
1 3

x=3∗3=9 men
Additional Activities

1 1 1
1. Divide 4,340 amoung A,B,C so that their share is , ,
2 3 5

Total 4340 4340 4340

Share= = = = =4200
∑ of shares 1 + 1 + 1 15 + 10 + 6 31/30
(
2 3 5 ) (
30 30 30 )

1
A: of 4200=2100
2

1
B: of 4200=1400
3

1
C: of 4200=840
5

2. Alex can finish reading novel in 3 days. How many novel can he finish in a month if there are 30 days?

Let x be # of novels read in 1 month

x 1
=
30 3

30
x= =10 novels
3

3. Given 3 guavas costs 12.60 pesos. How many can be bought for 37.80 pesos?

x 3
=
37.80 12.60
 3∗37.80
x= =9 guavas
12.60

4. How much prize will A, B, and C get if total is 45,000 and ratio of share is 1:3:5?

Total 45000
Share= = =5000 per share
1+ 3+5 9

A: 1∗5000=5000 pesos

B: 3∗5000=15,000 pesos

C: 5∗5000=25,000 pesos

5. Four machines can recopy 25,000 books in 6 days. How many machines needed to copy 25000 books
in 3 days?

Let x be machines needed to copy 25k books in 3 days.

6 x
=
3 4

6
x= ∗4=8 machines
3