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Organic Rice Farming Sustainability Study

This chapter outlines the research methodology for a case study on the sustainability of organic rice farming in Barangay Saguma, Bayugan City. It will use purposive sampling to interview local farmers with experience in organic farming. Data will be collected through a questionnaire containing demographic questions, farming experience questions, and open-ended questions. The questionnaire will be validated by experts before use. Data will then be analyzed statistically to identify the most important factors affecting sustainability.

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Eleonor Templado
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79 views3 pages

Organic Rice Farming Sustainability Study

This chapter outlines the research methodology for a case study on the sustainability of organic rice farming in Barangay Saguma, Bayugan City. It will use purposive sampling to interview local farmers with experience in organic farming. Data will be collected through a questionnaire containing demographic questions, farming experience questions, and open-ended questions. The questionnaire will be validated by experts before use. Data will then be analyzed statistically to identify the most important factors affecting sustainability.

Uploaded by

Eleonor Templado
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER III

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The study on the sustainability on organic rice farming at Barangay Saguma,

Bayugan City is a case study by design. It aims to obtain an in depth and thorough

understanding bon the challenges that are factors of sustainability in organic farming

based from the rea experiences and in the context of farmers who experienced organic

farming.

3.2 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE

Since this is a case study who will deal on organic farmers, the number of organic

farmers in Barangay Saguma, Bayugan City will be the sample or population size. To

determine the number of organic farmers, researchers will ask a list from the committee

on agriculture in the barangay council of Saguma. If they are not well informed about it,

researchers will determine its number by asking the neighborhood who knows farmers

who practiced organic farming.

3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN AND TECHNIQUE

The participants of the study will be through purposive sampling. It is non-

probabilistic because the study is only after of the farmers who engaged and had the

experience in organic farming, including those farmers who already stopped organic

farming. Researchers will use snowball method if the barangay council does not have

the list of the names of organic rice farmers. Snowball method is a technique where

researchers will ask a person who might know somebody who are organic farmers, and

then by those names, the researchers will continue the quest by asking them also if they

know another organic farmers, until all the possible names are in the list.

3.4 THE SUBJECT


In this study, local farmers from Brgy. Saguma who practice organic farming will be

selected to participate in the survey. A list of all organic farmers will be prepared and all

of them will be requested to participate in the study. Only those who will confirm to

participate will be included in the final list of subjects.

3.5 THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This study will use a survey design or questionnaire to determine the response of

local farmers from Brgy. Saguma. The questionnaire will be of three parts. Part I is about

the profile of the farmer. Though names are optional but still it will be included in part I.

Part II are about the possible list of experiences by the farmers. Their personal

experiences will be reflected by responding to the questionnaire. Part III is section of

Open-ended questions will be given to every respondents. Open-ended questions do not

provide the respondents with a predetermined set of answer choices, instead

respondents will provide responses in their own words.

3.6 VALIDATION OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Researcher will ask the adviser to check the face value and content of the

instrument. To validate the questionnaire, researchers will seek guidance from experts in

the field of agriculture. Given the chance if permitted, will have any expert representative

from the Department of Agriculture to validate the content of the questionnaire. For its

usability, this will be pilot tested to at least 3 organic farmers aside from the

respondents.

3.7 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE


Since the study is a case study by design, data will be gathered under close

observation by the researchers. First, researchers will ask permission to the school

principal to go out from the campus to conduct the actual data gathering. Second,

researchers will ask permission and send a letter as courtesy to the barangay council

informing their presence in the barangay for the purpose of conducting research. Third,

the researchers will ask permission to each possible respondents. Fourth, the actual

survey will be done face to face to each farmer. Researchers will record their responses,

to the questionnaire prepared. If there is a need to audio record their responses, the

researchers will ask the permission to the subjects. Finally, the researchers will show

appreciation and gratitude to the respondents for accepting their requests to participate

in the study.

3.8 DATA PROCESSING METHOD

All data will be recorded and tabulated in an excel format for easy access

and computation. It will be sorted accordingly. For the open-ended responses, the

researchers will write it down a word for word documentation for credible synthesis

together with the other responses.

3.9 STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The study will use the following statistical calculation:

1. Frequency count and Ranking will be done to information and data which needs

to be counted to obtain the ranking for which factor most affects sustainability of

organic farming.

2. Mean refers to the average rating given by the organic farmers to their actual

experiences in organic rice farming.

Common questions

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Expert validation of the research instrument is essential to ensure that the questionnaire effectively captures relevant data concerning organic farming's sustainability. By seeking guidance from agriculture experts and potentially involving an expert from the Department of Agriculture, the researchers aim to validate the questionnaire’s face value and content. This step is undertaken to enhance the instrument's credibility and reliability before its pilot testing with organic farmers .

The study tackles issues related to participant availability and willingness by employing purposive sampling, only including those who confirm their participation, which pre-empts potential non-responses. Moreover, the personal approach to data collection involves face-to-face engagement, which can enhance rapport and trust, making participants more likely to share their genuine experiences and insights during the survey .

The study focuses on understanding the challenges related to sustainability in organic farming from real experiences of farmers in Barangay Saguma. These challenges include determining the exact number of organic farmers practicing or having practiced organic farming, as there might not be an official list available. The use of purposive sampling and possibly the snowball technique highlights the difficulty in identifying all relevant participants. Furthermore, obtaining reliable data involves addressing concerns like the validity of research instruments, which are piloted and validated by agriculture experts .

Frequency counts and mean calculations aid in analyzing the data by providing a structured quantitative analysis of farmers’ experiences. Frequency counts determine how often particular responses occur, which helps in ranking factors that most affect the sustainability of organic farming. Meanwhile, mean calculations provide the average ratings given by farmers, offering a perspective on their general experiences and satisfaction levels with organic rice farming practices, thereby identifying common trends and perceptions .

The use of open-ended questions in the questionnaire is crucial as it allows respondents to provide detailed and nuanced answers in their own words, reflecting their personal experiences and challenges in organic farming. This approach avoids limiting their responses to predetermined options and enables the researchers to capture diverse insights into the complex factors affecting sustainability in organic farming, thereby contributing to a richer understanding of the subject matter .

The study employs a purposive sampling design aimed specifically at organic farmers in Barangay Saguma. This non-probabilistic approach ensures that only those who have engaged in organic farming are included, including those who have ceased farming organically. If the barangay council lacks a list of farmers, the snowball method is employed to gather further participants, ensuring all potential farmers are identified through referrals .

The snowball sampling method is chosen as a secondary strategy to overcome the challenge of identifying all organic farmers when official records are unavailable or incomplete. This method leverages social networks, allowing researchers to build a participant list through recommendations. It is particularly advantageous in reaching hidden populations or those without formal recognition, ensuring comprehensive coverage and inclusion of all relevant farmers in the study .

Ethical considerations in the data gathering procedure include obtaining informed consent from participants by asking their permission before conducting the survey and potentially audio recording their responses. Researchers also show respect and gratitude to participants for their contribution, demonstrating an appreciation and professionalism that respects the respondents' time and willingness to participate in the research. Additionally, formal permission is sought from relevant authorities like the school principal and barangay council before engaging with participants .

To mitigate potential bias inherent in non-probabilistic methods like purposive and snowball sampling, the study ensures a diverse range of organic farmers are approached, including those who have stopped farming organically. Diverse perspectives can provide a more comprehensive view of sustainability issues. Additionally, employing multiple sampling techniques and seeking comprehensive validation of instruments help bolster the study’s reliability and balance the bias that might arise from a purposive approach .

Pilot testing the questionnaire contributes to the study’s credibility by allowing researchers to identify and rectify any issues in the instrument's usability and effectiveness before widespread deployment. By testing it with at least three organic farmers, researchers can assess whether the questions are understood as intended and gather initial feedback on its comprehensiveness and practical applicability. This helps refine the questions and ensures they yield valid and meaningful data during the main study .

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