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Microprocessor Relays

Micro

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Keerthi
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7 views13 pages

Microprocessor Relays

Micro

Uploaded by

Keerthi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Microprocessor based Relays i= Numetiea! relay 18 The lateat development 19 the area of Powersystems protection and diyjers jm conventional once both in design and methods of opaation - sr has been developed Pecans é of aremen deus advancements \o viet and tompurer hardware Feehrelegy: 316 based on numerical Cdigital) deulees eq rovcropro cea sore , murocontroliers , digital éiqnal procesgors Costs? ef + The relay acquires Sequential amples of Ac auantiliés in pumerieal caigibard dare tem shrough he data acquiction System cbasy and process the date Dumeriany using a relaying algetithm Yo caleclate the facut auctmmahdns and Mare Ip decisions. Microprocescor based écheroés are beCotming more and more popular for potser systern protection as they sjper atbrachive Gtmpaciness and pexivinky They reduce the oumber of types of relay uniié AP Interyace employing op-amps, analog tourbiplexer » abatog ~diqueat cate Converter 1 vortage Comparatrs and pascwe clement? bave been developed to provde the Various charactersslits op vasious types of Telays Such ag dejmibe sme» toverge time over current Peeys 7 Phase comparators elt. Alp Converter Digieal > processor} to anipping deice iq: Basie protection scheme of Mictoprocegsos based relays Scannéd with CamScanneé The three. a K phase quantiles recieved form the pow aya term ‘brow " ugh cals and er!4 are Gampled gimuntanconsly % bequentially at nye 4 Yom time intervals Cute a3 samples per (yee d Lahey are then and are p converse « fonuerted imio Whe cigetat ffm Through an AT ghe tele oF Man! Herred Wo igual prceasor» Owval signals are 19 Coded Square pulses tohich rpreaenk diacrebe dava. the signals ore In binary forms the mirwprocead or /argeat proceacor berg set with Yhe Rtommended values Compares Ihe dynarnic inpule ard ace the output deuce accordingly to generale, Lnp[ alarm signet to Advantages " 1. Compactness and Rela! ely Fy compact In s17¢ and rehable in operalien they are nome of a. Flexpbilbhy + sey offer flexibly because OF pro jo peysten a vatrely mo only gram mabiliby - genera) purpose hardeoare can be. used provection junetidns corth the change oh stored progr a. adaptive £apabilrhy :- he beboviout of the processor can PE made to thange on the external condieiar® tobieh Charge autorahically depending Wb time 4. Murtyple funedrone ir” le many junctions . These features 1? whihy +o Communicate dhat cere pot available They provid! clude ip eleclomethanical or sealie designs Gel roonstoriPt > aeyp- beseIog and abi toh other, relays ard Conlfo) cornputers+ 5. perailed 10gie and Matbemalitat eapabyliB ed im epecyie protection problem © can be broken doton tte fine detailg and each can be handled seperately - Scannéd with CaeScanné & eonome Bene” she cost per Junction of numerical relays 18 lotser Compared Ae the Coot of Shei elcelmmechanial and abate counterparts. “the reduclion ym fost 19 clue to lower Cost op Componeols produchan eqeipment and « techniques. q FH Less panel space + ( “the reduchom in O1%e 16 @ result of high level O% inbegrahn 4 Dy the hardware and the abihhy of usIPg One phyowal clevice for q q pertiming meuitiple probechdn Junctions i @- dow [Link] Hansducers . Bn addition, Mey can be prograrnrmed « Yo dereet saiutalién of shrumenk -braneyetrmers for mormizing Wweorrect operalions « « q 4 Gey momitdling and Sei eeoting = ; “these features reduce Yhe peed for mutine maintenance i 2 themselves our ‘oF sevice and ( because the lays aulomaliiany 42 junctional alert she operatos. 0} the problem then they detect abnalmallies- Wo. Col ealibm Faverlaty !~ 0. Communialien Faeihhy ; cormmupicahon Takes the Telay more Intell gent and ‘the operahfng personnel can sét the Felay and olde Aowonload she pat loyelmmalis . Dew aleo prosible 40 upload the revised sojtware te “the 2 wyiheut Sending Ye Tay back +0 manuya turer + Tela} ab sit on aystem 18 aley ovanable, A Seperate high-end cornmuniealig Bol pumerseal relay data Communicalion and Conlial Nn. Meetering facihhy rr Numerieal relays are provided trib metering functions and ceptral panels. deme relays Can also provide energy meter Janchons toitbYbe metenng jauhhy 17 the relay, the operaling personne) can View Ajterent parameters online + cannéd wi! acScanneé 1a Standardizahon They are conahucted wih & standard bardwere Jeatere 7 ’ I and any special Jealeire can be tet touih modyieahdr °F Ihe prograre only. The standardizaldn providea a Conaiderable Srnphyreation 'P Produchdn, teating ard mainlepance + SMSadvaniag es Be hshort_ hye delet pertise 17 “OP Te 1s Aypreent or The weers Yo maiprain The javeat designe oy he equipment - Since each qeneralion rm ierop rote - ~oser based Systeme mereases functionality as Compared wrib te Another variahsn op thie disedvankag € Ig in we Premnous generations » gre emvehihg hardeoare platgoires: file op changes '> soy rware used on 2. Susceptabilihy t9 Transients r “bey are more susceptible Fo incorrect operalena due # 40 the jraperenrs because of the ature o| yecbnole gy Compared t i ww P oysters built with Ye sleclFomechanical Yeerrology: 3B. Setting and testi79 ComplexrE1es = They pave many Sumber oF Setting? and Shere Mog be problems ip management of the screaged pumber of settings and jo Condudisn Of functional tests. Scannéd with CamScanné yo Muurpprocessor based over turrot nla rs tanimaana fo arosbeip sete: bip “eH oy 20 yoy _ Le ncXing =k ps Pusey> on SoLe viv vaqdunnin ema) [sotooah none OK ¢ Scannéd with CacScanne The 6chemalie arrangement of mmicnsp wee S00% baged overctarrent let die, | 1 UsINg Ihe Micropreesaoy goss 18 Shown IP above #19 + The cv 18 axed $0 Gtep down ~he currane from huge values T lotoer Values as rmiet-computer wads tbe data only veirege fete the current Signals can be converted tip vorage 99> a pier circus 18 fed to Conuetter . the op o- S40 u Converter 16 a2 Convert ae vortage Int pe. Abe ofp oy reckon re qurther so tbe routkr murtiplexer “then Tbe Mlete Com puter gends_a_orgnad fs nthe “of a pautictel em. eIrceate then 7 channel. rplexer_ 40 1 the muntiplexer reade the rectigied verteg® sgnat and abe ole Oh ie ignal_to fed to Alp Converter feb govering he analog 919) araut of Conversio? 29? courtiplever 3 at (2c) Sigal signal - The mueropre ceeoer sends fonvetter and twas for End of Converst Jored, a veckyred Sigital signal 1° Jed to rmieroprocessor ( cohich 16 equualent +o current 1p the syste) current + 4 tbe rected ye Alb on signet Cc) from ve apter she Conversion 18 Comp eohere it 18 Compared coh the pick-up jee-mp current tren Ye rmrcroprece= digital bignel 18 greater Yan ve Pi signal Jo erect breaker 40 oper we copkack®- of the hme from whe relay lecahan 40 the TALE Porm yrom dhe rahds of Appropriale voirages and currents and then Compares the caleulatid values op Rand x 40 the pre~ wdetermined value 0] the relay to be vealed im order 1 dleteemine wohetber Yhe fault deeUIs CwIbIN the PretecliTe zone a the THM OF oot: Measurment of Resistance She oistance a6 seen by the relay from the relay lecahdo to taunt pone 18 given by e@= zc0ep = V toog © 1 fe) = Wm ef 6 ra rycor f= wa A Tae Jac: ta | | = A Mm Cosh cobere A 16 Constant, and equal te 55 Aim Cosy 16 the IWStandaneous value of the voage ar the moment of pear current» 96 shown 19 the qs There -fele sthe resistance 16 proporhdna) 40 the rofio oy vourage a4 dhe noranr y current pear to te reetijred alues OF Ingianianeous ¥ current Sge. i vorrage ar peak current : ~~ Séannéd wish CaeScanné Meacturoons o Feactance + “The reaciance deen by the felay 19 given by ye zoinp 2 w inp Ven 610 Jom Sde DB Wen 0109 Jiges n she \natantaneoua value oy the vowege ent 10 at the moment of zero curr’ im Gin p , a SheLon ID qe Jon ae \ ctherefore ; the Teactance 15 Umens ft \ Proportional to be rafio of volhage yo At the moment of current Xero to WE \ L/ rected current Me" dig: Anesonsanegus values 2 vonage at enrrene 72r0 The block schemalc diagram of we wkerface tof Ihe distance relasy 1* shown in the fig. she Sevels of the voitage and cwrent signals at Stepped down Jo Ye declonre level by wer q potential and current -bransjitmers . the current signal derived grom dhe current tansyelmer 16 Converted 40 proportional voirage signal using a cuwront “fo voilage teansgebmer Conuerter. she voltage and erm inty Oc. current éiqnale are hen rectysed Using. Fectylens Yo Convert a Te obbam a pulee at the moment of current Cmoi be em currant while calecwaling teackance and pear current cobile calcalaling teeretance) » @ phase ashy ting earrepimer circent and ~¢re-cresing derector have been used. ‘The currenk signal 19 fed 40 she phase- sebyter yo geo phase-ebyt 40". “then the output Of phase-shijler joing detector, a8 shoto in yg 40 get the required pule. Scannéd with CamScanné 18 ded Jo zero ~cree Floco ubart - - Start Initialise No porte & tres er Zora broaver nO loved aut 4 rad Avreelos wo calculate Delo Aig: Generaheed prograre flowebart for distance relays Fed No ‘ yee Scannéd with CamScanneé The mict Compeetor reads IPE owlput 0) the xer-cwesing @ det eclor, in oder Jo CKaMINE tobether tbe current aignal has reached Vee . peak coble calectahag reaiance wher ag decry he caleclalisn 8] teatkance 5 be mitre compiler evaroines tobether dhe current bas reached 116 Xe Instant: AG doo as “the current cIpoo ce ug 7erd OF resistance eons, oof volages g er channel, and pear ae %o the caluecetalisn oy: taclanee and Yhe Mietvtomputer Meade Ihe Indiandaneous value Ake San and ven Coo f MeopectiVely through mutlipley Alp Converters “the microtompulz reads the ageal date and stores kin dhe tmemonjs BL ges Ihe rechyied ewer! Jae thannel $3. and Ap converter « ayeer Feeveuing he values % reattance or resistance acceding #0 ctprough muteiplerer ¢ snetanianeous vortages and Bye 1 Computes tbe Yhe type ey relay The micto corpulir colealates the Bmpedance Zseen by ces Z eoith 2) hevthe prend) nj 212 lees than 21> ape relay and ben compat etamined velue of abe Firat zone of provec ping signal mesansane tion: impedance $0 ously: 4 = 19 She miertomputer eende a InP greater than 2, ) “Hive; Comp aris!or 18 made with Z res the volue of the or gecond zone oF probeckion « ay gubroutine and $ ay 218 greater Sher ay = ye Teas than 23> impedance ft nde we brippIry emrercomputer -tares up adel precdetemined delay. aiqnal to Ip Coil after & zy but lego Shan 73, 0 greeter delay 1¢ provided begere toe taprieg eignal 1a genb. ay 2 18 mere yhan 2) The moire computer S9a'r atding and proceads ace reads the vonage and current aignale us pregram: Scannéd with CamScanneé Typical_oummerical Relay e") Analog itejace Signal tr Seater — +! —— Mur ' Ansto4 proves z mumplerer |_| Gyelien |s ' oeorute| a “iy sqrt) a aH tondinores |} ents i Arps Schemalie Sragiam of -Wypieal murmencad rele y The levels 0) voltage and current signale oj the power Syslite are reduced by Voitage and cterrent transformer CUT and et)» The ouipale of vr and © are apphed to signal Conditioner ehich brings real wortd signals 40 digikizer. he Signal Condhoner eleclriealy Isolares we telarp from powersyorer reduces “Ibe level 9} input vortage, @overte currant into equivalent voltage and removes high grequenty Coreponents {ror bea signals wring analog fiviers the oviput of Ihe signal condibover are gwen 40 analog Irierjace , which rcludes earnple and word etreuits » araloy ruttiplexer pnd analog 42 digital ¢nlp> Converters « theee Cormponent® Sample the reduced revel Signals and Gnvert wher analog Teuete equivalent numbers that are etored IP memoty for processimg « The Signal Conditioner and Whe analog interface Cres opn cet > analog roureiplener land Alp Conveeier) Conatitwied whe Sala acqens tron systern CDAS). She acquired signals 17 Ybe form of chatrete purmbers are processed by o pureerieal reloy augelith mm Yo cateutate the faut Aewminanis and make Lip decisiope. a) Thére te a yautey covtbin depiwed pavieche Xone, Lip Signal 19 Ieeued Yo “he cirecth breaker Scanned with CacoScanné

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