Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 1 Unit 7 Test

Name: _ Class: Date:

VOCABULARY 1:
Choose the best form of the word to complete each sentence.

1. The region of the Mariana Trench is nearly 11,000 meters below sea level.
a. deep
b. deeper
c. deepest

2. Some places are named after the person who them, such as the Cook Islands, which were
named in honor of Captain James Cook.
a. discover
b. discovery
c. discovered

3. McMurdo Station, a research center in Antarctica, is located in one of the most remote of
the world.
a. region
b. regions
c. regional

4. Calakmul is one of the largest Mayan cities ever found, but because it is in the jungles of
southern Mexico, this ancient settlement is hard to visit.
a. hide
b. hiding
c. hidden

5. During his many trips to remote regions, British explorer Ranulph Fiennes has frostbite -
an injury caused by extreme cold - several times.
a. experienced
b. experiences
c. experiencing

6. The underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia is very large, but the city recently discovered
underneath Nevsehir is even .
a. massive
b. more massive
c. the most massive

7. The northernmost town in the world, Ny-Alesund, which has a population of just over 30 people, is
on the island of Spitzbergen, Norway.
a. locate
b. located
c. location

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 8. Some artifacts recently discovered in Peru suggest that the society that made them was more advanced
than other cultures of that time.
a. ancient
b. more ancient
c. the most ancient

VOCABULARY 2:
Complete each definition by matching the sentence parts.

a. alive, such as an animal, bird, or insect.

b. difficult because it tests one's abilities.
c. it lives or is present in a particular place.
d. that you put it in a dangerous situation.
e. the upper layer of something, such as water.
f. to everything in space, like stars and planets.
g. to use up all of it so that you have no more.
9. Something that is challenging is B
10. A creature is something that is A
11. To say something exists means C
12. If you risk something, it means D
13. To run out of something means G
14. The surface of something is E
15. The universe is the name given F

READING REVIEW:
Review the reading passage from Unit 7. Choose the best heading for paragraphs A-G from the list
of headings (a-g).

INTO THE UNKNOWN

A In the early 19th century, much of the world was still unexplored. Today, most places on
the surface of the Earth have been mapped. Some places, however, are still waiting to be
discovered.
Some of these are underground, in deep caves called blue holes.
B A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave. It can be found inland or in the sea. The hole
forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space. Some of the world's most
spectacular blue holes are located in the Bahamas. The islands there may have more than a thousand
blue holes. Blue holes can be very deep. For example, Dean's Blue Hole, one of the deepest blue
holes in the world, is over 200 meters deep.
C An inland blue hole's water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater
floats on top of salt water. The fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the
salt water. Brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
D Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of a blue hole, there is a layer of
poisonous gas. This gas causes itching, dizziness, and - in large amounts - death. Divers must also be
fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, it is very dark
in these caves, so it is very easy to get lost. Divers therefore have to follow a guideline as they swim
through a blue hole. If they lose the guideline, they may not find their way back out of the cave.
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 E If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them?
One reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide
clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures, such as the
remipede, probably haven't changed for millions of years.
F The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology - the study of life in the universe.
For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin
Hand says the bacteria in blue holes may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter's fourth
largest moon, Europa. Similar life forms probably existed on Earth billions of years ago. "Our study
of life's extremes on Earth," he says, can help increase "our understanding of habitable environments
off Earth."
G In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and
animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was
like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, "I can think of no other environment on
Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically."

a. Blue holes teach us about the universe

b. Some places yet to be mapped
c. The risks of entering blue holes
d. Underwater clues to our ancient past
e. What and where blue holes are
f. What blue holes are like inside
g. Why people explore blue holes

16. Paragraph A B
17. Paragraph B E
18. Paragraph C F
19. Paragraph D C
20. Paragraph E G
21. Paragraph F A
22. Paragraph G D

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 READING PRACTICE:
Read the passage and answer the questions below. Complete each sentence with TWO WORDS
from the passage.

A Mention the word "explorer" and you might think of men such as Marco Polo,
Ibn Battuta, and Jacques Cousteau. However, through the years, a number of female
explorers have traveled the globe. At the time of their travels the world was a more
difficult and dangerous place for women, and their adventures deserve to be more widely
known.
B One such explorer was Isabella Bird. She was born in England in 1831 and died
almost 73 years later in Scotland. During her long life, Bird experienced many exciting
and remarkable adventures, despite the fact that she was often sick. (It is not possible to
say exactly what was wrong with her, although her illness may have been due to a skin
infection.) Bird's adventures began in 1854 when she traveled to the United States of
America. While there, she wrote many letters to relatives back home, and these were
later collected and published as a book. She returned to the United States in her 40s, and
traveled around the Rocky Mountains in particular. In later years, Bird visited Japan,
Korea, and other Asian countries. Due to her achievements, Bird was the first woman to
become a member of the Royal Geographical Society.
C Annie Smith Peck was another great female explorer. Like Bird, she was born in
the nineteenth century - in 1850 - and died in the twentieth century, in 1935. Unlike
Bird, however, Peck was born in the United States. As a young woman, Peck received
only a high school education. She wanted to attend university, too, but was not accepted
because she was a woman. Peck did not let this stop her, and at the age of 27, she
achieved her goal of going to university. In 1885, Peck fell in love with mountain
climbing. One of her most famous climbs was reaching the top of the Matterhorn in
Switzerland in 1895. Some people were shocked because Peck climbed in trousers,
which were considered unsuitable clothes for women at that time. It seems Peck did not
let this negative reaction bother her as she continued climbing all around the world.

23. In the nineteenth century, the world was a hard and dangerous place for women, especially for
Travelling the world .

24. Isabella Bird's death occurred nearly 73 years after her birth.

25. It has been argued that one cause of Bird's health issues may have been a(n)
Skin infection .

26. On her second visit to the United States, Bird visited the Rocky Mountains in particular.

27. One honor that Bird achieved was being the first woman to be made a member of a famous
exploration society.

28. Like Bird's, Annie Peck Smith's birth occurred during the nineteenth century

29. In her late 20s, Peck was able to achieved her goal in order to complete her education.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

30. Some people were surprised by Peck's decision to wear trousers while climbing because they thought they
were unsuitable clothes for a woman.

READING SKILL REVIEW - IDENTIFYING FACTS AND SPECULATIONS

Review the passage about famous female explorers. Then answer the questions.

A Mention the word "explorer" and you might think of men such as Marco Polo,
Ibn Battuta, and Jacques Cousteau. However, through the years, a number of female
explorers have traveled the globe. At the time of their travels the world was a more
difficult and dangerous place for women, and their adventures deserve to be more widely
known.
B One such explorer was Isabella Bird. She was born in England in 1831 and died
almost 73 years later in Scotland. During her long life, Bird experienced many exciting
and remarkable adventures, despite the fact that she was often sick. (It is not possible to
say exactly what was wrong with her, although her illness may have been due to a skin
infection.) Bird's adventures began in 1854 when she traveled to the United States of
America. While there, she wrote many letters to relatives back home, and these were
later collected and published as a book. She returned to the United States in her 40s, and
traveled around the Rocky Mountains in particular. In later years, Bird visited Japan,
Korea, and other Asian countries. Due to her achievements Bird was the first woman to
become a member of the Royal Geographical Society.
C Annie Smith Peck was another great female explorer. Like Bird, she was born in
the nineteenth century - in 1850 - and died in the twentieth century, in 1935. Unlike Bird,
however, Peck was born in the United States. As a young woman, Peck received only a
high school education. She wanted to attend university, too, but was not accepted because
she was a woman. Peck did not let this stop her, and at the age of 27, she achieved her
goal of going to university. In 1885, Peck fell in love with mountain climbing. One of her
most famous climbs was reaching the top of the Matterhorn in Switzerland in 1895. Some
people were shocked because Peck climbed in trousers, which were considered unsuitable
clothes for women at that time. It seems Peck did not let this negative reaction bother her
as she continued climbing all around the world.

31. Look at the underlined phrase in paragraph A ("you might ..."). What type of information does it present?
a. a fact
b. a speculation

32. Look at the first underlined phrase in paragraph B ("her illness ..."). What type of information does it
present?
a. a fact
b. a speculation

33. Look at the second underlined phrase in paragraph B ("Bird was the ..."). What type of information does it
present?
a. a fact
b. a speculation

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

34. Look at the first underlined phrase in paragraph C ("She wanted ..."). What type of information does it
present?
a. a fact
b. a speculation

35. Look at the second underlined phrase in paragraph C ("It seems Peck ..."). What type of information does
it present?
a. a fact
b. a speculation

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING REVIEW - EXPRESSING INTERESTS AND DESIRES:

Expressing a personal interest or desire to do something is usually more common in informal
writing than formal writing. There are certain expressions you can use to express interests and
desires.

Read these sentences. A teacher has underlined one mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the
underlined expression so that it is correct.

36. There are many exciting places to explore in the world, but in particular I want to explore Canada.

37. If I ever go to Canada, first I would like to go to a town called Banff, which is in the Rocky Mountains.

38. I would love to explore the countryside and take photos of wild animals like bear or moose.

39. If I had enough time and money, I would be interested going to the Yukon in order to see the
aurora borealis, or northern lights.

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40. WRITING SKILL REVIEW - INTRODUCING EXAMPLES:
Examples are a good way to support your opinions or ideas. There are several different phrases you
can use to introduce examples.

Read this short passage about some famous explorers. Then write the words in parentheses in the
correct order in the spaces below.

Many faraway regions of the world were discovered by explorers from Great Britain during the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. There are many reasons for this. (A) (example / for), Great
Britain had powerful ships, so it was easy for explorers to travel to these regions. One British
explorer was Mary Kingsley. She spent several years traveling around Africa, where she
discovered several new species. (B) (an / example / give / to), she discovered three types of
fish that were named after her. (C) (another / example / famous / very) of a British explorer is
David Livingstone. Like Kingsley, he traveled widely in Africa and is best known for bringing
back news of lakes, rivers, and waterfalls to Europe. Perhaps (D) (best / examples / of / one /
the) of a famous explorer is James Cook. He sailed around the world and was the first person
to bring back news - along with detailed, accurate maps - of places like New Zealand,
Australia, and the Sandwich Islands, which are now called Hawaii.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

WRITING PRACTICE 1:
Write full sentences in answer to these questions.

41. If you could travel anywhere on Earth, where would you go? Why?

42. Who would you like to go on a long journey with? Why?

43. What would you take with you on a long journey? Why?

44. What aspect of a long journey would worry you the most? Why?

45. While on a long journey, what or who would you miss the most? Why?

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46. After returning home from a long journey, how might your life be different? Why do you think this?

WRITING PRACTICE 2:
Which would you prefer to do: explore a hidden underground city, explore an unknown cave, dive
into a blue hole, or travel to the bottom of the Mariana Trench? Why?

47. Write at least 100 words. Support your opinion with detailed reasons and examples.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company