FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Second Semester/ A.Y. 2020-2021

[Link]

Course Number: GEE 104

Course Description: This course is designed to give students additional knowledge
and understanding of other foreign languages like Spanish in particular. This offers basic
vocabularies, expressions, and principles on translation and formulation of words/sentences
necessary for establishing sound communication/conversation using the said language. It is
important to note that this course only offers an introduction to help students become aware
of other foreign languages. Hence, excellent fluency in the manner of
speaking/teaching/studying the said language should not be expected.

Course Facilitator:
REV. FR. ARTHUR D. ADRICULA, JR.
Capiz State University Chaplain
Facebook: Art Adricula Jr.
Email: capsuchaplain@[Link]
Contact Number: 09955334704

MODULE 1: SPANISH AS A LANGUAGE

Overview:

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 Spanish, also known as Español or Castillan, is part of the Indo-European family of
languages, which are spoken by more than a third of the world’s population. It is also the
second most learned and spoken language in the United States. Thus, having learned Spanish
is of great benefit or advantage to any endeavour being done globally.

This particular chapter gives you a glimpse on what are the components of the
Spanish Alphabet and some basic expressions that are commonly used in ordinary
conversation.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1.) Enumerate the Spanish Alphabet, diphthongs and triphthongs.

2.) Discuss and deliver some common expressions in Spanish with correct pronunciation

Content:

EL ALFABETO ESPANOL
(The Spanish Alphabet)

A B C CH D E F G H I J K L LL M N Ñ O P Q R RR S T U V X Y Z (before year 2010)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z (present)

The letters of the alphabet are pronounced in Spanish approximately as follows:

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A as in father, task M as in men, mess, met
B as in bell, bed, beckon N as in nest, never, neck
C as in thank Ñ as in onion, union, opinion
CH as in chess, chest, check O as in or, open, of
D as in dead, desk den P as in pen, per, pest
E as in element, emblem Q as in quintuplets, conquest,
F as in felt, fetter R as in red, rent, rest
G as in go RR as in deterrent, horror, terrible,
H ----- (silent in Spanish) as in S as in set, service, sell
Heir, honor, honest T as in tell, tepid, tent
I as in ill, index U as in bull, full, pull
J as in hotel, home, hermit, habit V as in vent, ever, very
K as in Kodak, kin, kit X as in six, mix, fix
L as in let, lemon, less Y as in yen, yell,
LL as in million, billion, trillion Z as in zigzag, zone, zest

In Spanish, there are fourteen possible diphthongs:

Ai (ay) as in baile = dance

Au as in causa = cause
Ei (ey) as in reina = queen
Eu as in deuda = debt
Oi (oy) as in oigo = I hear
Ia as in viaje = trip
Ua as in cuatro = four
Ie as in bien = well
Io as in diosa = goddess
Uo as in cuota = quota
Ui as in buitre = vulture
Ou as in bou = fishing boat
Iu as in viuda = widow

A triphthong consists of a stressed strong vowel between two weak vowels. There are but four
possible combinations all of which end in “I” (written “y” in the final position.

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 Iai as in estudiais = you study
Uai (uay) as in fraguais = to forge
Iei as in principieis = may you begin
Uei (uey) as in continueis = may you continue
EXPRESIONES COMUNES
(Common Expressions)

1. BUENOS DIAS ………………………. Good morning.

2. BUENAS TARDES ………………………. Good afternoon.
3. BUENAS NOCHES ………………………. Good night or Good evening.
4. GRACIAS ………………………. Thank you.
5. DE NADA ………………………. You are welcome.
6. FELICIDADES ………………………. Congratulations!

7. ¿Como se llama usted? ………………………. What is your name?

- Me llamo Juan de la Cruz ………………………. My name is Juan de la Cruz.
8. ¿Cuantos años tiene usted? ………………………. How old are you?
- Tengo dieciseis años ………………………. I am sixteen years old.
9. ¿Como esta usted? ………………………. How are you?
- Estoy bien, gracias. ………………………. I am fine, thank you.

10. USTED DISPENSE ………………………. Excuse me.

11. PASE USTED ………………………. Come in.
12. RECUERDOS ………………………. Regards.
13. ADIOS ………………………. Goodbye.
14. ¿Que dia es hoy? ………………………. What day is today?
15. Hoy es lunes ………………………. Today is Monday.
16. ¿Que hora es? ………………………. What time is it?
17. Son las dos. ………………………. It is two o’clock.
18. ¿Donde vive usted? ………………………. Where do you live?

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 19. Yo vivo en la calle España ………………………. I live in España Street.
20. Sientese ………………………. Sit down.
21. Levantese ………………………. Stand up.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #1

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: _________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: ______________

Answer the following questions in Spanish. ( x2 each)

1.) ¿Como se llama usted? (put your real name)

Answer:____________________________

2.) ¿Donde vive usted? (town of Dumarao/Tapaz = pueblo de Dumarao/ Tapaz)

Answer: ___________________________

3.) ¿Que dia es hoy? (lunes, marted, miercoles, jueves, viernes, sabado, domingo)

Answer: ___________________________

4.) ¿Que hora es? ( dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce)

Answer: ___________________________

5.) ¿Cuantos años tiene usted? (Diez y siete, diez y ocho, diez y nueve, veinte, veinte y uno,
veinte y dos, veinte y tres, veinte y cuatro, veinte y cinco, veinte y seis, treinta,
cuarenta…)

Answer: ___________________________

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

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 MODULE 2: GENERO Y NUMERO DE NOMBRES, ARTICULOS
Y ADJECTIVOS
(GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUN, ARTICLES)

Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules or principles that must be followed in determining the
gender and number of nouns as well as in formulating articles and adjectives in a single thought
or sentence. This particular chapter teaches you how such rules or principles are done.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:
1. Discuss the gender and number of nouns, articles and adjectives.
2. Discuss the proper placement of articles and adjectives in a thought or sentence
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies

Content:

I. WHAT IS A NOUN?

Noun = is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things.

Examples: LGU, Faculty and Staff, Plaza, hospital, book, internet…

II. GENDER of Nouns:

Gender = points to the sex of the noun referent

Three Classifications of Gender: (in English)

a.) MASCULINE = referring to male (ex. Boy, Father, Brother, Juan De la Cruz)
b.) FEMININE = referring to female (ex. Girl, Mother, Sister, Elizabeth)
c.) NEUTER = referring to neither male nor female (ex. Ball, Phone, table, chair)

In Spanish, there are only TWO genders of noun: either MASCULINE or FEMININE
General rule: Spanish nouns ending in “o” are masculine; and those ending in “a” are feminine.

MASCULINO FEMININO

Niño ………………… boy niña ……………….. girl

Libro …………………. Book pluma ……………….. pen
Dinero …………………. Money mesa ……………….. table
Cuarto …………………. Room tinta ……………….. ink
Asiento …………………. Seat pizarra ……………….. blackboard
Vestido …………………. Dress silla ……………….. chair
Telefono …………………. Telephone corbata ……………….. necktie

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Sombrero …………………. Hat puerta ……………….. door
Regalo …………………. Gift ventana ………............. window
Ojecto …………………. Object Cortina ……………….. curtain

III. NUMBER OF NOUNS = refers to the count of a noun.

Singular (Number) = when we speak about one person and one thing
Ex. Boy, girl, ball, pen

Plural (Number) = when we speak about more than one person and more than one thing.
Ex. Boys, girls, balls, pens

In Spanish, nouns ending in “a” vowel, “s” is added. Nouns ending in a consonant, “es” is added.

Ending in a VOWEL Ending in a CONSONANT

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Mesa (table) mesas (tables) reloj (watch) relojes

(watches)
Silla (chair) sillas mes (month) meses
Regalo (gift) regalos pais (country) paises
Barco (ship, boat) barcos papel (paper) papeles
Libro (book) libros pared (wall) paredes
Cuaderno (notebook) cuadernos jabon (soap) jabones
Oficina (office) oficinas favor (favor) favores
Carta (letter) cartas nacion (nation) nationes
Casa (house) casas capital (capital) capitales
Sello (stamp) sellos tren (train) trenes

IV. ARTICULOS (articles) = used before a noun to modify a noun.

Articulos Determinados: (Definite Articles)

Examples: el, la, los and las meaning “the”

el …………. (masculino singular) los …………… (masculino plural)

la …………. (feminine singular) las …………… (feminino plural)

Articulos Indeterminados: (Indefinite Articles)

Examples: un and una meaning “a” or “an”

unos and unas meaning “some” or “ a few”

un ………… (masculino singular) unos …………… (masculino plural)

una …………. (feminine singular) unas …………… (feminino plural)

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Nouns are generally preceded by articles and they must agree in gender and in number with the
noun.
Articulo Determinado (Definite Article)

Masculino (Masculine)

Singular Plural

El vestido (the dress) los vestidos (the dresses)

El cuarto (the room) los cuartos (the rooms)
El precio (the price) los precios (the prices)
El dedo (the finger) los dedos (the fingers)
El ojo (the eye) los ojos (the eyes)
El libro (the book) los libros (the books)
El plato (the plate) los platos (the plates)
El Banco (the bench) los bancos (the benches)
El obrero (the worker) los obreros (the workers)

Femenino (Feminine)

La pluma (the pen) las plumas (the pens)

La camisa (the shirt) las camisas (the shirts)
Las cuchara (the spoon) las cucharas (the spoons)
La escuela (the school) las escuelas (the schools)
La mesa (the table) las mesas (the tables)
La puerta (the door) las puertas (the doors)
La oficina (the office) las oficinas (the offices)
La silla (the chair) las sillas (the chairs)
La Cortina (the curtain) las cortinas (the curtains)
La bandera (the flag) las banderas (the flags)

Articulo Indeterminado (Indefinite Article)

Masculino ( Masculine)

Singular Plural

Un alumno (a student) unos alumnus (some/a few students)

Un objecto (an object) unos objectos (some/a few objects)
Un maestro (a teacher) unos maestros (some/a few teachers)
Un edificio (a building) unos edificios (some/ a few buildings
Un niño (a boy) unos niños (some/a few boys)
Un camino (a way) unos caminos (some/a few ways)

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Un brazo (an arm) unos brazos (some/a few arms)
Un vaso (a glass) unos basos (some/a few glasses)
Un bolso (a purse) unos bolsos (some/a few purses)
Un empleado (an employee) unos empleados (some/a few employees)
Femenino (Feminine)

Singular Plural

una tienda (a store) unas tiendas (some/a few stores)

una falda (a skirt) unas faldas (some/a few skirts)
una jaula (a cage) unas jaulas (some/a few cages)
una madre (a mother) unas madres (some/a few mothers)
una pagina (a page) unas paginas (some/a few pages)
una ventana (a window) unas ventanas (some/a few windows)
una cama (a bed) unas camas (some/a few beds)
una pizarra (a blackboard) unas pizarras (some/a few blackboards)
una maquina (a machine) unas maquinas (some/a few machines)
una caja (a box) unas cajas (some/a few boxes)

IV: ADJECTIVOS DESCRIPTIVOS (Descriptive Adjectives)

What is an ADJECTIVE? = it is a word used to modify or describe a noun.

Examples: Beautiful girl, wonderful creation, amazing planet, excellent student

General rule: Descriptive adjectives must agree in gender and in number with the noun
modified. Generally, the adjective follows the noun it modifies.

Gender: Adjectives ending in a vowel “o” are masculine: by changing “o” to “a” they become
feminine.

MASCULINO FEMENINO

Bueno (good) buena

Malo (bad) mala
Claro (clear) clara
Limpio (clean) limpia
Corto (short) corta
Mojado (wet) mojada
Alto (tall,high) alta
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 Seco (dry) seca
Blanco (white) blanca
Sucio (dirty) sucia

Adjectives ending in a vowel “e” are for both masculine and feminine.

Ejemplos:

Singular Plural

Alegre (Happy) alegres

Humilde (humble) humildes
Inteligente (intelligent) inteligentes
Dulce (sweet) dulces
Verde (green) verdes
Pobre (poor) pobres
Elegante (elegant) elegantes
Interesante (interesting) interesantes
Agradable (agreeable) agradables
Triste (sad) tristes
Fuerte (strong) fuertes
Cobarde (coward) cobardes
Calient (hot) calientes
Amable (amiable) amables
Diligente (diligent) diligentes
Grande (big, large) grandes
Valiente (brave,valiant) valientes
Breve (brief) breves
Ferviente (fervent) fervientes

Number: Adjectives ending in a vowel, “s” is added; those ending in a consonant, “es” are
added.

Ejemplos:

Ending in a vowel Ending in a consonant

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Pequeño (small) pequeños fiel (faithful) fieles

Generoso(generous) generosos cortes (courteous) corteses
Listo (clever) listos joven (young) jovenes
Aplicado (studious) aplicados leal (loyal) leales
Pesado (heavy) pesados jovial (jovial) joviales

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Tonto (dull) tontos facil (easy) faciles
Ancho (wide) anchos cruel (cruel) crueles
Simpatico (handsome, charming) simpaticos dificil (difficult) dificiles

The definite article is placed before the noun and is followed by a descriptive adjective.

Singular Plural

1. El niño bueno. (the good boy) los niños buenos (the good boys)
2. La niña bonita (the pretty girl) las niñas bonitas (the pretty girls)
3. El libro grande. (the big book) los libros grande (the big books)
4. El camino largo (the long way) los caminos largos (the long ways)
5. La pluma nueva (the new pen) las plumas nuevas (the new pens)
6. La mesa baja (the low table) las mesas bajas (the low tables)
7. La ventana alta (the high window) las ventanas altas (the high windows)
8. La puerta ancha (the wide door ) las puertas anchas (the wide doors)
9. El vestido corto (the short dress) los vestidos cortos (the short dress)
10. La casa grande (the big house) las casas grandes (the big
houses)

This list of adjectives with their corresponding antonyms will widen the vocabulary of the
students.

Rico (rich) pobre (poor)

Viejo (old) joven (young) Nuevo (new)
Valiente (brave) cobarde (coward)
Fuerte (strong) debil (weak)
Delgado (thin) grueso (stout)
Caro (costly) barato (cheap)
Limpio (clean) sucio (dirty)
Diligente (diligent) perezoso (lazy)
Malo (bad) bueno (good)
Claro (clear) oscuro (dark, obscure)

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Alto (high) bajo (low, short)
Largo (long) corto (short)
Caliente (hot) frio (cool)
Dulce (sweet) amargo (bitter)
Guapo (handsome) feo (ugly)
Alegre (happy) triste (sad)
Ancho (wide) estrecho (narrow)
Facil (easy) dificil (difficult)
Humilde (humble) orgulloso (proud)
Despacio (slow) deprisa (fast)
Blando (soft) duro (hard)
Atento (attentive) distraido (inattentive)
Cortes (courteous) descortes (discourteous)
Mojado (wet) seco (dry)
Derecho (straight) torcido (crooked)

EXEMPTIONS ON GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUNS

A. Nouns ending in “o” are masculine with the exception

Examples: La mano (hand) la nao (ship, vessel)

B. Nouns ending in “a” are feminine with the exception

Examples: El dia (day) el sofa (sofa)

El Mapa (map) el cometa (comet)

C. Nouns of Greek origin ending in “ma” are masculine…

Examples: El problema (the problem) el sistema (the system)

El programa (the program) el telegrama (the telegram)
El tema (the theme) el clima (the climate)
El drama (the drama) el idioma (the idiom)
El panorama (the panorama) el dilemma (the dilemma)
El poema (the poem) el diploma (the diploma)
El dogma (the dogma) el enigma (the enigma)

D. Nouns ending in “e” are masculine with the exemptions

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 Examples: La carne (the meat, flesh) la fiebre (the fever)
La sangre (the blood) la noche (the night)
La mente (the mind) la calle (the street)
La frase (the phrase) la clase (the class)
La llave (the key) la parte (the part)
La nube (the cloud) la torre (the tower)
La muerte (the death) la gente (the people)
La suerte (the luck)

E. Nouns ending in “r” are masculine except

Examples: La flor (the flower) la labor ( the task, labor)

Le mujer (the woman)

F. Nouns ending in “n” are masculine except

Examples: La sien (the temple) la razon (the reason)

La imagen (the image) la sarten (the frying pan)

G. Nouns ending in “i” are masculine except

Example: La metropoli (the city)

H. Nouns ending in “ion” are feminine except

Examples: El guion (the hyphen) El sarampion (the measles)

El camion (the truck) El scorpion (the scorpion)
El avion (the airplane)

I. Nouns ending in “z” are feminine except

Examples: El lapis (the pencil) El tamiz (the strainer)

El antifaz (the mask) El maiz (the corn)
El disfraz (the disguise) El arroz (the rice)
El caliz (the chalice) El barniz (the varnish)

J. Nouns ending in “d” are feminine except

Examples: El ataud (the coffin) El laud (the lyre)

El ardid (the trick) El huesped (the guest)
El alud (the sandstorm) El cesped (the lawn)

K. Nouns ending in “l” are masculine except

Examples: La carcel (the jail) la señal (the signal)

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 La miel (the honey) la sal (the salt)
La piel (the skin) la cal (the lime)
La capital (the capital)

L. Nouns beginning with accented “a” or “ha” take the singular “el” when singular,
and plural article “las” when plural. This is done for the sake of euphony.
Therefore, these nouns are not exceptions strictly speaking.

Examples: El alma (the soul) las almas (the souls)

El agua (the water) las aguas (the waters)
El ancla (the anchor) las anclas (the anchors)
El arpa (the harp) las harpas (the harps)
El alba (the alb) las albas (the albs)

M. The plural of nouns ending in “z” is formed by chanzing “z” to “c” before adding es.

Examples: Lapiz (pencil) Lapices (pencils)

Voz (voice) voces (voices)

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ___________

A. Pongan el articulo determinado antes de cada nombre

Fill in the definite article before each noun.

Example: la mesa translate the table

Las mesas translate the tables

El niño translate the boy

Los niños translate the boys

_____ esposas (wives) translate ___the wives______

_____ perro (dog) translate _______________

__las__ servilletas (napkins) translate ___the napkins__

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 __los__ primos (cousins) translate __the cousins __

_____ hermanos (brothers) translate _______________

el principe (prince) translate __the prince___

_____ tierra (earth) translate __the earth_____

__la__ mentira (lie) translate ____the lie_____

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Pongan el articulo indeterminado antes de cada nombre.

Fill in the indefinite article before each noun.

Example: una silla translate a chair

unas sillas translate some/a few chairs

un pueblo tanslate a town

unos pueblos translate some/a few towns

_____ anillos (rings) translate _some/a few rings_

_____ tarjetas (cards) translate _______________

_unos_ negocios (business) translate some/a few businesses

_unas guerras (wars) translate some/a few wars

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 _____ armario (drawer) translate ___a drawer____

_____ corbata (necktie) translate _______________

_un__ asiento (seat) translate ____a seat______

_una__ pluma (pen) translate _____a pen_______

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ____________

C. Fill in the blanks.

SINGULAR PLURAL

El cuaderno grueso the thick notebook los cuadernos gruesos the thick notebooks

La pizarra pequeña ________________ las pizarras pequeñas the small blackboards

_______________ the new chair las sillas nuevas the new chairs

_____________ _ _the high table_ las mesas altas the high tables

El niño simpatico the handsome boy ___________________ the handsome boys

La acera ancha the wide sidewalk ________________ __ the wide sidewalks

_______________ the expensive purse los bolsos caros the expensive purses

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_______________ _the good brother_ los hermanos Buenos the good brothers

El padre diligente the diligent father ___________________ _the diligent fathers

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de Español (Rev.
ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA: Routledge

MODULE 3: VERBO “SER”

Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules and principles to follow in using verbs such as the verb
“SER”. And like any English verb, Spanish verb also has conjugation. This particular chapter
shows the uses of SER and the manner on how to conjugate such basic verb.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use the verb SER in a thought or sentence.

2. Discuss the conjugation of the verb SER
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Discuss the formulation of Interrogative Sentences in Spanish
5. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

VERBO “SER” (TO BE)

What is a VERB?

It is a word used to describe an action, state or occurrence and forming the predicate of a
sentence.

For example: walk, run, study, hear, text, surf, eat, rise, sleep

The boy runs slowly.

The student studies his lessons well.
You eat the food.
They hear strange voices.

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 CONJUGATION
SER To be
(First Person, Singular) Yo soy I am
(Second Person, Singular) (Familiar) Tu eres You are
(Second Person, Singular) (Formal)Usted es You are
(Third Person, Singular) El, Ella es He, She is
(First Person, Plural) Nosotros, Nosotras somos We are
(Second Person, Plural) (Familiar)Vosotros, Vosotras sois You are
(Second Person, Plural) (Formal) Ustedes son You are
(Third Person, Plural) Ellos, Ellas son They are

Note:
Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is usually used in referring to someone of the same age, the same
rank, or the same educational level. In other words, Tu/Vosotros?Vosotras is used to express
familiarity or intimacy with the person being referred to.
Usted/Ustedes signifies a more respectful way of relating to someone such as a new
acquaintance, an olde person, or someone you consider to be of higher rank.
When do we use the verb SER?

USES of the verb SER:

• “SER” is used to imply permanent or inherent condition.

Yo soy activo. I am active

Tue eres guapo You are handsome.
Usted es alto. You are tall.

• “SER” followed by the preposition “de” means possession, origin, or nature of the
object.

a.) Possession = referring to belongingness or ownership

La casa es de Pedro The house is Pedro’s/ The house belongs to Pedro.

El libro es de mi primo The book belongs to my cousin.
La mesa es de la oficina The table belongs to the office.

b.) Origin = referring a specific place

Yo soy de Capiz I am from Capiz

Tu eres de Manila You are from Manila

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 Usted es de Filipinas You are from Philippines.

c.) Nature of the thing = referring to the content or to what the thing is made
of
El es de oro the watch is made of gold
El traje es de hilo the suit is made of linen.
La mesa es de marmol the table is made of marble

• SER is used in Referring to nationality, rank, dignity,etc.

Yo soy Filipino I am a Filipino

El es superior de una orden religiosa He is a superior of a religious order.
El es colonel. He is a colonel.

• “Ser” is also used to indicate time.

Son las dos de la tarde it is two o’clock in the afternoon

Son las tres menos cuatro it is quarter to three.
Es de dia it is daytime
Es tarde it is late.
Es temprano it is early

• SER is likewise employed in all impersonal expressions which, in English, are expressed
with “it” as subject. In Spanish, this pronoun “it” is dropped and only the verb is used, in
the third person singular form.
Es necesario It is necessary
Es natural It is natural
Es verdad it is true.
Es bastante it is enough
Es mentira it is a lie.
Es terrible it is terrible
Es imposible it is impossible
Es increible it is incredible
Es facil it is easy
Es dificil it is difficult, it is hard

ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS
(Interrogative Sentences)

What is an Interrogative Sentence?

An interrogative sentence is a sentence that basically asks a question who, what, when,
where, how, which, whose and etc. It usually ends with a question mark. However in Spanish,
additional inverted question mark ( ¿ )is put before the sentence.

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Generally, in Spanish interrogative sentences the predicate precedes the subject.

Example:

Spanish English

¿Es usted doctor? Are you a doctor?

¿Es Nuevo el professor? Is he a new professor?
¿Es usted Filipino? Are you a Filipino?
¿Son Ustedes estudiantes nuevos? Are you new students?
¿Es usted de la ciudad? Are you from the city?
¿Es grande la clase? Is the class big?
¿Es joven el professor? Is the professor young?

PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS
(Interrogative Words)

Que = What Como = How

Quien (singular) = Who Cual = Which

Quines(plural) = Who Cuando = When
De quien (singular) = Whose Que hora = What time
De quienes (plural) = Whose A que hora = At what time
De donde = Where

How to make interrogative sentences?

¿Que es esto? Eso es un lapiz.

What is this? This is a pencil.

¿De donde es usted? Soy de la ciudad

From where are you? I am from the city.

¿De que material es la casa? La casa es de cemento

What is the house made of? The house is made of cement.

¿Quien es el? El es el preseidente de la compañia

Who is he? He is the president of the company.

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 ¿Quienes son ustedes? Somos los representantes de la organizacion.
Who are you? We are the representatives of the organization

¿De quien es el libro? El libro es de Pedro

To whom does the book belong? The book belongs to Pedro/The book is Pedro’s/
Or whose is the book? The book is of Pedro.

¿Que hora es? Son las cinco

What time is it? It is five o’clock.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #3

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

A. Supply the correct verb “SER” in each sentence and translate it into English.

El niño es bueno. (The boy is good)

1.) Ellos ______ bajos (short) _____They are short. ______________

2.) Usted __es___ alto. (tall) _________________________________

3.) El cuaderno __es___ grueso. (thick) ___The notebook is thick ___________

4.) El _______ Filipino ______He is Filipino_______________

5.) Tu eres Americano _________________________________

6.) Nosotros _______ buenos. _________We are good_____________

7.) Vosotros _______ atentos. (attentive) _____You are attentive_____________

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8.) La pluma (pen) _______ de Juan. _________________________________

9.) Yo _______ estudioso (studious) ________I am studious______________

10.) Ella _______ rica (rich) _______She is rich. _______________

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #3

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Cambien estas oraciones en interrogativas unsando las palabras interrogativas.

Change these sentences into questions using interrogative words.

La biografia es de Jose Rizal. ¿De quien es la biografia?

The biography belongs to Jose Rizal To whom does the belong?

¿Quien es el? El es el preseidente de la compañia

Who is he? He is the president of the company.

1.) Usted es de Capiz. _______________________________

_______I am from Capiz_________ From where are you?

2.) El libro es interesante _______________________________

___The book is interesting_______ Is the book interesting?

3.) El president de la clase es Juan _______________________________

_The president of the class is Juan_ Who is the president of the class?

4.) La mesa es de narra. _______________________________

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 The table is made of narra. __ What is the table made of?

5.) La madre es buena. ¿Es buena la madre? ____________

____________________________ Is the mother good?

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de Español (Rev. ed.).
Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA: Routledge
MODULE 4: VERBO “ESTAR”
Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules and principles to follow in using verbs such as the verb
“ESTAR”. And like any English verb, Spanish verb also has conjugation. This particular chapter
shows the uses of ESTAR and the manner on how to conjugate such basic verb.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use the verb ESTAR in a thought or sentence.

2. Discuss the conjugation of the verb ESTAR
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa
5. Discuss the formulation of negative sentences in Spanish
6. Differentiate between the verbs SER and ESTAR

Content:

VERBO “ESTAR” (To be)

CONJUGATION
ESTAR To be
(First Person, Singular) Yo estoy I am
(Second Person, Singular) (Familiar) Tu estas You are
(Second Person, Singular) (Formal)Usted esta You are
(Third Person, Singular) El, Ella esta He, She is
(First Person, Plural) Nosotros, Nosotras estamos We are
(Second Person, Plural) (Familiar)Vosotros, Vosotras estais You are

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(Second Person, Plural) (Formal) Ustedes estan You are
(Third Person, Plural) Ellos, Ellas estan They are

Note:
Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is usually used in referring to someone of the same age, the same
rank, or the same educational level. In other words, Tu/Vosotros?Vosotras is used to express
familiarity or intimacy with the person being referred to.
Usted/Ustedes signifies a more respectful way of relating to someone such as a new
acquaintance, an olde person, or someone you consider to be of higher rank.
When do we use the verb ESTAR?

USES of the verb ESTAR:

A. To express temporary conditions like the state of health, a way of being as feelings
and emotions, and accidental properties of persons or things.

• State of Health

1. Yo estoy bien. I am well.

2. Tu estas enferno you are sick
.
• Feelings and motions

1. Yo estoy alegre I am happy.

2. El esta triste He is sad

• Accidental/Temporary properties of persons or things

1. Yo estoy palido I am pale.

2. El agua esta fria The water is cold.

B. To express location or place, followed by the preposition “en” which means “in”

1. Yo estoy en clase I am in class.

2. Tu estas en el laboratorio You are in the laboratory.

Comparison of the Two Verbs “SER” and “ESTAR”

Conjugation

SER To be ESTAR

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 Yo soy I am Yo estoy
(Familiar) Tu eres You are (Familiar) Tu estas
(Formal) Usted es You are (Formal) Usted esta
El, Ella es He, She is El, Ella esta
Nosotros, Nosotras somos We are Nosotros, Nosotras estamos
(Familiar) Vosotros, Vosotras sois You are (Familiar) Vosotros, Vosotras estais
(Formal)Ustedes son You are (Formal)Ustedes estan
Ellos, Ellas son They are Ellos, Ellas estan

Note: Review the uses of the verbs SER and ESTAR

When do we use SER and ESTAR?

WHY SER, not ESTAR? Or WHY ESTAR, not SER is used?

SER is used in referring to: ESTAR is used in referring to:

Permanent/inherent condition State of Health

Possession Feelings and motions
Nature Accidental properties
Nationality Location/Place
Rank Temporary conditions
Dignity
Time

Example:
SER ESTAR

1. Yo soy perezoso. (inherent condition) 1. Yo estoy perezoso ahora. (feeling)

(I am lazy) I am lazy now

REASON:
SOY is used because being lazy in this sentence refers to the permanent condition of the person.
In other words, it is natural or ordinary for that person to be lazy.
ESTOY is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the momentary feeling of the
person. It means that the person is not naturally lazy but is lazy temporarily or for a specific time
only.

2. El niño es vivo (inherent condition) 2. El niño esta vivo. (state of health)

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 The boy is lively. The boy is alive.
REASON:
ES is used because it is an inherent condition of the boy to be lively.
ESTA is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the state of health of the boy being alive.

3. Pedro es Filipino. (nationality) 3. Pedro esta sucio. (accidental property)

Pedro is a Filipino. Pedro is dirty
REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the nationality of Pedro.
ESTA is used because it refers to the temporary condition of Pedro who is dirty at that moment. It means
that Pedro is not all the time or by nature dirty.

4. El pelo de la niña es rizado. 4. El pelo de la niña esta rizado.

The girl’s hair is curly The girl’s hair is curled
(Permanent Condition) (Accidental Property)

REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the permanent condition of the girl’s hair which is
curly. No matter what we do, the hair of the girl is naturally curly.
ESTA is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the temporary condition or accidental property
of the girl’s hair which is curled. It presupposes that the girl’s hair is naturally straight but is temporarily
curled.

5. La case es de Pedro. 5. Ellos estan en la clase.

The house belongs to Pedro They are in the class.
(Possession) (Temporary Location/Place)
REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to Pedro’s possession/ownership of the house.
ESTAN is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the temporary location of the subject.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

A sentence is made negative by placing “no” (not) before the verb.

Example:

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 No estoy enfermo I am not sick
No esta fresca He is not fresh.
No estas preparado You are not prepared.
No estamos preocupados We are not worried.
No estan debiles They are not weak.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #4

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

A. Fill in the correct verb ESTAR and translate the sentence into English

1.) Tu estas cansado (tired) ______You are tired ______

2.) Yo _______ sentado (seated) _________________________

3.) Nosotros ________ alegeres (happy) _____We are happy________

4.) Ellos _______ ausentes (absent) ___They are absent________

5.) Ella _______ rota (broken) _________________________

6.) El agua (water) no esta caliente (hot) _________________________

7.) Las niñas no estan enfermas (sick) ___The girls are not sick___

8.) La tierra (land) esta dry. (seca) _________________________

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 9.) Los zapatos _______ limpios. (clean) ____The shoes are clean_____

10.) No esta sucio (dirty) _______He/She is dirty______

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #4

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Fill in the correct verb SER or ESTAR in each sentence and translate.

1.) El azucar (sugar) ______ dulce. (sweet) ________________________

(Permanent condition)

2.) Las vestidas _________ amarillas (yellow) ____the dresses are yellow____
(Permanent Condition)

3.) Los espejos (mirror) estan roto. (broken) ________________________

(Accidental Property)

4.) El cielo (sky) ______ azul.(blue) ____the sky is blue_______

(Accidental Property)

5.) La harina (flour) es blanca.(white) ________________________

(Permanent Condition)

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de Español (Rev.
ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA: Routledge

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