Dr A.P.

J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

A Mini Project Report-1 KMBN-152

on
DATA ANALYSIS OF FOOD SALES
Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirement for Qualifying
Master of Business Administration
Batch: 2022-2024
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Ms. Garima Singhal Neha Solanki
Roll No - 03

Department of MBA
IIMT College of Engineering,Greater Noida
Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida
 Acknowledgement

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. VIVEK

RASTOGI, of MBA department, and AKTU university for
their contributions to the completion of my project titled
FOOD SALES DISTRIBUTION.

I would like to express my special thanks to Miss. Garima

Singhal for her time and efforts she provided throughout
the year. Your useful advice and suggestions were really
helpful to me during the project’s completion. In this
aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.

I would like to acknowledge that this project was

completed entirely by me and not by someone else.
Name- Neha Solanki

Department of MBA
 CONTENT

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 INTRODUCTION TO AN EXCEL
What is an excel?

Microsoft Excel Definition

Excel definition: a software program created by Microsoft that uses

spreadsheets to organize numbers and data with formulas and

functions. Excel analysis is ubiquitous around the world and used by

businesses of all sizes to perform financial analysis.

What is Excel used for?

Excel is typically used to organize data and perform financial analysis. 

It is used across all business functions and at companies from small to
large.

The main uses of Excel include:

 Data entry

 Data management
  Accounting

 Financial analysis

 Charting and graphing

 Programming

 Time management

 Task management

 Financial modeling

 Customer relationship management (CRM)

 Almost anything that needs to be organized!

Data functions, formulas, and shortcuts

The Excel software program includes many functions, formulas, and

shortcuts that can be used to enhance its functionality.

We have defined the key functions and formulas below in our Excel

guide:
Data functions, formulas, and shortcuts

The Excel software program includes many functions, formulas, and

shortcuts that can be used to enhance its functionality.

We have defined the key functions and formulas below in our Excel

guide:

 Free Guide: Excel shortcuts, functions and definitions

What is Excel used for?

Excel is typically used to organize data and perform financial analysis. 

It is used across all business functions and at companies from small to
large.
The main uses of Excel include:

 Data entry
 Data management
 Accounting
 Financial analysis
 Charting and graphing
 Programming
 Time management
 Task management
 Financial modeling
 Customer relationship management (CRM)
 Almost anything that needs to be organized!

Data functions, formulas, and shortcuts

The Excel software program includes many functions, formulas, and

shortcuts that can be used to enhance its functionality.

We have defined the key functions and formulas below in our Excel

guide:

 Free Guide: Excel shortcuts, functions and definitions

Financial and accounting uses

Excel is used extensively in finance and accounting functions.  In fact,

many organizations run their entire budgeting, forecasting, and
accounting functions entirely out of Excel spreadsheets.
While Excel is defined as a “data” management tool, the data that is
most commonly managed is financial.  At CFI, we would define Excel
as the ultimate financial software. While there are other pieces of
financial software that are tailored toward performing specific tasks,
the strongest point about Excel is its robustness and openness. Excel
models are as powerful as the analyst wishes them to be.

Accountants, investment bankers, analysts, and people in all types

of financial career paths rely on excel to perform their daily job
functions.

What are excel formulas?

Excel formulas help you identify relationships between values in the cells of your
spreadsheet, perform mathematical calculations using those values, and return the
resulting value in the cell of your choice. Formulas you can automatically perform
include sum, subtraction, percentage, division, average, and even dates/times.

How to Insert Formulas in Excel

You might wonder what the "Formulas" tab on the top navigation toolbar in Excel
means. In more recent versions of Excel, this horizontal menu — shown below —
allows you to find and insert Excel formulas into specific cells of your spreadsheet. 
The more you use various formulas in Excel, the easier it'll be to remember them and
perform them manually. Nonetheless, the suite of icons above is a handy catalog of
formulas you can browse and refer back to as you hone your spreadsheet skills.

Excel formulas are also called "functions." To insert one into your spreadsheet, highlight
a cell in which you want to run a formula, then click the far-left icon, "Insert Function," to
browse popular formulas and what they do. That browsing window will look like this:

Want a more sorted browsing experience? Use any of the icons we've highlighted
(inside the long red rectangle in the first screenshot above) to find formulas related to a
variety of common subjects — such as finance, logic, and more. Once you've found the
formula that suits your needs, click "Insert Function," as shown in the window above.

Now, let's do a deeper dive into some of the most crucial Excel formulas and how to
perform each one in typical situations.
Excel Formulas
 SUM

 IF

 Percentage

 Subtraction

 Multiplication

 Division

 DATE

 Array

 COUNT

 AVERAGE

 SUMIF

 TRIM

 LEFT, MID, and RIGHT

 VLOOKUP

 RANDOMIZE
To help you use Excel more effectively (and save a ton of time), we've

compiled a list of essential formulas, keyboard shortcuts, and other small

tricks and functions you should know.

NOTE: The following formulas apply to the latest version of Excel. If

you're using a slightly older version of Excel, the location of each

feature mentioned below might be slightly different.

1. SUM  

All Excel formulas begin with the equals sign, =, followed by a specific

text tag denoting the formula you'd like Excel to perform. 

The SUM formula in Excel is one of the most basic formulas you can

enter into a spreadsheet, allowing you to find the sum (or total) of two or

more values. To perform the SUM formula, enter the values you'd like to

add together using the format, =SUM(value 1, value 2, etc).

The values you enter into the SUM formula can either be actual numbers

or equal to the number in a specific cell of your spreadsheet. 

 To find the SUM of 30 and 80, for example, type the following formula

into a cell of your spreadsheet: =SUM(30, 80). Press "Enter," and the

cell will produce the total of both numbers: 110. 

 To find the SUM of the values in cells B2 and B11, for example, type

the following formula into a cell of your spreadsheet: =SUM(B2, B11).

Press "Enter," and the cell will produce the total of the numbers

currently filled in cells B2 and B11. If there are no numbers in either

cell, the formula will return 0. 

Keep in mind you can also find the total value of a list of numbers in

Excel. To find the SUM of the values in cells B2 through B11, type the

following formula into a cell of your spreadsheet: =SUM(B2:B11). Note the

colon between both cells, rather than a comma. See how this might look in an

Excel spreadsheet for a content marketer, below:

 2. IF

The IF formula in Excel is denoted =IF(logical _test, value _if _true, value _if

_false). This allows you to enter a text value into the cell "if" something else in

your spreadsheet is true or false. For example, =IF(D2="Gryffindor","10","0")

would award 10 points to cell D2 if that cell contained the word "Gryffindor."

There are times when we want to know how many times a value appears in our

spreadsheets. But there are also those times when we want to find the cells that

contain those values, and input specific data next to it.

We'll go back to Sprung's example for this one. If we want to award 10 points to

everyone who belongs in the Gryffindor house, instead of manually typing in 10's

next to each Gryffindor student's name, we'll use the IF-THEN formula to

say: If the student is in Gryffindor, then he or she should get ten points.

 The formula: IF(logical _test, value _if _true, value _if _false)

o Logical _Test: The logical test is the "IF" part of the statement. In this case, the

logic is D2="Gryffindor." Make sure your Logical _Test value is in quotation

marks.

o Value _if _True: If the value is true — that is, if the student lives in Gryffindor --

this value is the one that we want to be displayed. In this case, we want it to be the
 number 10, to indicate that the student was awarded the 10 points. Note: Only use

quotation marks if you want the result to be text instead of a number.

o Value _if _False: If the value is false — and the student does not live in

Gryffindor — we want the cell to show "0," for 0 points.

 Formula in below example: =IF(D2="Gryffindor","10","0")

3. Percentage

To perform the percentage formula in Excel, enter the cells you're finding a

percentage for in the format, =A1/B1. To convert the resulting decimal value to a

percentage, highlight the cell, click the Home tab, and select "Percentage" from the

numbers dropdown.

There isn't an Excel "formula" for percentages per se, but Excel makes it easy to

convert the value of any cell into a percentage so you're not stuck calculating and

reentering the numbers yourself.

The basic setting to convert a cell's value into a percentage is under Excel's Home

tab. Select this tab, highlight the cell(s) you'd like to convert to a percentage, and

click into the dropdown menu next to Conditional Formatting (this menu button

might say "General" at first). Then, select "Percentage" from the list of options

that appears. This will convert the value of each cell you've highlighted into a

percentage. See this feature below.

Keep in mind if you're using other formulas, such as the division formula

(denoted =A1/B1), to return new values, your values might show up as decimals by

default. Simply highlight your cells before or after you perform this formula, and

set these cells' format to "Percentage" from the Home tab — as shown above.
 4. Subtraction

To perform the subtraction formula in Excel, enter the cells you're subtracting in

the format, =SUM(A1, -B1). This will subtract a cell using the SUM formula by

adding a negative sign before the cell you're subtracting. For example, if A1 was

10 and B1 was 6, =SUM(A1, -B1) would perform 10 + -6, returning a value of 4.

Like percentages, subtracting doesn't have its own formula in Excel either, but that

doesn't mean it can't be done. You can subtract any values (or those values inside

cells) two different ways.

 Using the =SUM formula. To subtract multiple values from one another, enter the

cells you'd like to subtract in the format =SUM(A1, -B1), with a negative sign

(denoted with a hyphen) before the cell whose value you're subtracting. Press enter
 to return the difference between both cells included in the parentheses. See how

this looks in the screenshot above.

 Using the format, =A1-B1. To subtract multiple values from one another, simply

type an equals sign followed by your first value or cell, a hyphen, and the value or

cell you're subtracting. Press Enter to return the difference between both values.

5. Multiplication

To perform the multiplication formula in Excel, enter the cells you're multiplying

in the format, =A1*B1. This formula uses an asterisk to multiply cell A1 by cell

B1. For example, if A1 was 10 and B1 was 6, =A1*B1 would return a value of 60.

You might think multiplying values in Excel has its own formula or uses the "x"

character to denote multiplication between multiple values. Actually, it's as easy as

an asterisk — *.

To multiply two or more values in an Excel spreadsheet, highlight an empty cell.

Then, enter the values or cells you want to multiply together in the
format, =A1*B1*C1 ... etc. The asterisk will effectively multiply each value

included in the formula.

6. Division

To perform the division formula in Excel, enter the cells you're dividing in the

format, =A1/B1. This formula uses a forward slash, "/," to divide cell A1 by cell

B1. For example, if A1 was 5 and B1 was 10, =A1/B1 would return a decimal

value of 0.5.

Division in Excel is one of the simplest functions you can perform. To do so,

highlight an empty cell, enter an equals sign, "=," and follow it up with the two (or

more) values you'd like to divide with a forward slash, "/," in between. The result

should be in the following format: =B2/A2, as shown in the screenshot below.

Hit Enter, and your desired quotient should appear in the cell you initially

highlighted.
 7. DATE

The Excel DATE formula is denoted =DATE(year, month, day). This formula

will return a date that corresponds to the values entered in the parentheses — even

values referred from other cells. For example, if A1 was 2018, B1 was 7, and C1

was 11, =DATE(A1,B1,C1) would return 7/11/2018.

Creating dates in the cells of an Excel spreadsheet can be a fickle task every now

and then. Luckily, there's a handy formula to make formatting your dates easy.

There are two ways to use this formula:

 Create dates from a series of cell values. To do this, highlight an empty cell,

enter "=DATE," and in parentheses, enter the cells whose values create your

desired date -- starting with the year, then the month number, then the day. The

final format should look like this: =DATE(year, month, day). See how this looks in

the screenshot below.

 Automatically set today's date. To do this, highlight an empty cell and enter the

following string of text: =DATE(YEAR(TODAY()), MONTH(TODAY()),

DAY(TODAY())). Pressing enter will return the current date you're working in

your Excel spreadsheet.

In either usage of Excel's date formula, your returned date should be in the form

of "mm/dd/yy" — unless your Excel program is formatted differently.

8. Array

An array formula in Excel surrounds a simple formula in brace characters using the

format, {=(Start Value 1:End Value 1)*(Start Value 2:End Value 2)}. By

pressing ctrl +shift +center, this will calculate and return value from multiple

ranges, rather than just individual cells added to or multiplied by one another.

Calculating the sum, product, or quotient of individual cells is easy — just use the

=SUM formula and enter the cells, values, or range of cells you want to perform
 that arithmetic on. But what about multiple ranges? How do you find the combined

value of a large group of cells?

Numerical arrays are a useful way to perform more than one formula at the same

time in a single cell so you can see one final sum, difference, product, or

quotient. If you're looking to find total sales revenue from several sold units, for

example, the array formula in Excel is perfect for you. Here's how you'd do it:

1. To start using the array formula, type "=SUM," and in parentheses, enter

the first of two (or three, or four) ranges of cells you'd like to multiply together.

Here's what your progress might look like: =SUM(C2:C5

2. Next, add an asterisk after the last cell of the first range you included in your

formula. This stands for multiplication. Following this asterisk, enter your second

range of cells. You'll be multiplying this second range of cells by the first. Your

progress in this formula should now look like this: =SUM(C2:C5*D2:D5)

3. Ready to press Enter? Not so fast ... Because this formula is so complicated, Excel

reserves a different keyboard command for arrays. Once you've closed the

parentheses on your array formula, press Ctrl+Shift+Enter. This will recognize

your formula as an array, wrapping your formula in brace characters and

successfully returning your product of both ranges combined.

In revenue calculations, this can cut down on your time and effort significantly.

See the final formula in the screenshot above.

9. COUNT

The COUNT formula in Excel is denoted =COUNT(Start Cell:End Cell). This

formula will return a value that is equal to the number of entries found within your

desired range of cells. For example, if there are eight cells with entered values

between A1 and A10, =COUNT(A1:A10) will return a value of 8.

The COUNT formula in Excel is particularly useful for large spreadsheets,

wherein you want to see how many cells contain actual entries. Don't be

fooled: This formula won't do any math on the values of the cells

themselves. This formula is simply to find out how many cells in a selected range

are occupied with something.

Using the formula in bold above, you can easily run a count of active cells in your

spreadsheet. The result will look a little something like this:

10. AVERAGE

To perform the average formula in Excel, enter the values, cells, or range of cells

of which you're calculating the average in the format, =AVERAGE(number1,

number2, etc.) or =AVERAGE(Start Value:End Value). This will calculate the

average of all the values or range of cells included in the parentheses.

Finding the average of a range of cells in Excel keeps you from having to find

individual sums and then performing a separate division equation on your total.

Using =AVERAGE as your initial text entry, you can let Excel do all the work for

you.

For reference, the average of a group of numbers is equal to the sum of those

numbers, divided by the number of items in that group.

11. SUMIF

The SUMIF formula in Excel is denoted =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum range]).

This will return the sum of the values within a desired range of cells that all meet

one criterion. For example, =SUMIF(C3:C12,">70,000") would return the sum of

values between cells C3 and C12 from only the cells that are greater than 70,000.

Let's say you want to determine the profit you generated from a list of leads who

are associated with specific area codes, or calculate the sum of certain employees'

salaries -- but only if they fall above a particular amount. Doing that manually

sounds a bit time-consuming, to say the least.

With the SUMIF function, it doesn't have to be — you can easily add up the sum

of cells that meet certain criteria, like in the salary example above.
 The formula: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

o Range: The range that is being tested using your criteria.

o Criteria: The criteria that determine which cells in Criteria_range1 will be added

together

o [Sum _range]: An optional range of cells you're going to add up in addition to the

first Range entered. This field may be omitted.

In the example below, we wanted to calculate the sum of the salaries that were

greater than $70,000. The SUMIF function added up the dollar amounts that

exceeded that number in the cells C3 through C12, with the

formula =SUMIF(C3:C12,">70,000").
12. TRIM

The TRIM formula in Excel is denoted =TRIM(text). This formula will remove

any spaces entered before and after the text entered in the cell. For example, if A2

includes the name " Steve Peterson" with unwanted spaces before the first name,

=TRIM(A2) would return "Steve Peterson" with no spaces in a new cell.

 Email and file sharing are wonderful tools in today's workplace. That is, until one

of your colleagues sends you a worksheet with some really funky spacing. Not

only can those rogue spaces make it difficult to search for data, but they also affect

the results when you try to add up columns of numbers.

Rather than painstakingly removing and adding spaces as needed, you can clean up

any irregular spacing using the TRIM function, which is used to remove extra

spaces from data (except for single spaces between words).

 The formula: =TRIM(text).

o Text: The text or cell from which you want to remove spaces.

Here's an example of how we used the TRIM function to remove extra spaces

before a list of names. To do so, we entered =TRIM("A2") into the Formula Bar,

and replicated this for each name below it in a new column next to the column with

unwanted spaces.
 Below are some other Excel formulas you might find useful as your data

management needs grow.

13. LEFT, MID, and RIGHT

Let's say you have a line of text within a cell that you want to break down into a

few different segments. Rather than manually retyping each piece of the code into

its respective column, users can leverage a series of string functions to deconstruct

the sequence as needed: LEFT, MID, or RIGHT.

LEFT

 Purpose: Used to extract the first X numbers or characters in a cell.

 The formula: =LEFT(text, number_of_characters)

o Text: The string that you wish to extract from.

o Number _of _characters: The number of characters that you wish to extract

starting from the left-most character.

In the example below, we entered =LEFT(A2,4) into cell B2, and copied it into

B3:B6. That allowed us to extract the first 4 characters of the code.

MID

 Purpose: Used to extract characters or numbers in the middle based on position.

 The formula: =MID(text, start _position, number _of _characters)

o Text: The string that you wish to extract from.

o Start _position: The position in the string that you want to begin extracting from.

For example, the first position in the string is 1.

o Number _of _characters: The number of characters that you wish to extract.
 In this example, we entered =MID(A2,5,2) into cell B2, and copied it into B3:B6.

That allowed us to extract the two numbers starting in the fifth position of the

code.

RIGHT

 Purpose: Used to extract the last X numbers or characters in a cell.

 The formula: =RIGHT(text, number _of _characters)

o Text: The string that you wish to extract from.

o Number _of _characters: The number of characters that you want to extract

starting from the right-most character.

For the sake of this example, we entered =RIGHT(A2,2) into cell B2, and copied

it into B3:B6. That allowed us to extract the last two numbers of the code.

14. VLOOKUP

This one is an oldie, but a goodie — and it's a bit more in depth than some of the

other formulas we've listed here. But it's especially helpful for those times when

you have two sets of data on two different spreadsheets, and want to combine them

into a single spreadsheet.

My colleague, Rachel Sprung — whose "How to Use Excel" tutorial is a must-read

for anyone who wants to learn — uses a list of names, email addresses, and

companies as an example. If you have a list of people's names next to their email
 addresses in one spreadsheet, and a list of those same people's email addresses next

to their company names in the other, but you want the names, email addresses, and

company names of those people to appear in one place -- that's where VLOOKUP

comes in.

Note: When using this formula, you must be certain that at least one column

appears identically in both spreadsheets. Scour your data sets to make sure the

column of data you're using to combine your information is exactly the same,

including no extra spaces.

 The formula: VLOOKUP(lookup value, table array, column number, [range

lookup])

o Lookup Value: The identical value you have in both spreadsheets. Choose the first

value in your first spreadsheet. In Sprung's example that follows, this means the

first email address on the list, or cell 2 (C2).

o Table Array: The range of columns on Sheet 2 you're going to pull your data

from, including the column of data identical to your lookup value (in our example,

email addresses) in Sheet 1 as well as the column of data you're trying to copy to

Sheet 1. In our example, this is "Sheet2!A:B." "A" means Column A in Sheet 2,

which is the column in Sheet 2 where the data identical to our lookup value (email)

in Sheet 1 is listed. The "B" means Column B, which contains the information

that's only available in Sheet 2 that you want to translate to Sheet 1.

o Column Number: The table array tells Excel where (which column) the new data

you want to copy to Sheet 1 is located. In our example, this would be the "House"

column, the second one in our table array, making it column number 2.

o Range Lookup: Use FALSE to ensure you pull in only exact value matches.

 The formula with variables from Sprung 's example

below: =VLOOKUP(C2,Sheet2!A:B,2,FALSE)

In this example, Sheet 1 and Sheet 2 contain lists describing different information

about the same people, and the common thread between the two is their email

addresses. Let's say we want to combine both datasets so that all the house

information from Sheet 2 translates over to Sheet 1. Here's how that would work:
 15. RANDOMIZE

There's a great article that likens Excel's RANDOMIZE formula to shuffling a

deck of cards. The entire deck is a column, and each card — 52 in a deck — is a

row. "To shuffle the deck," writes Steve McDonnell, "you can compute a new

column of data, populate each cell in the column with a random number, and sort

the workbook based on the random number field."

In marketing, you might use this feature when you want to assign a random

number to a list of contacts — like if you wanted to experiment with a new email

campaign and had to use blind criteria to select who would receive it. By assigning

numbers to said contacts, you could apply the rule, “Any contact with a figure of 6

or above will be added to the new campaign.”

 The formula: RAND()

o Start with a single column of contacts. Then, in the column adjacent to it, type

“RAND ()” — without the quotation marks — starting with the top contact’s row.

o RANDBETWEEN allows you to dictate the range of numbers that you want to be

assigned. In the case of this example, I wanted to use one through 10.

o bottom: The lowest number in the range.

o top: The highest number in the range, For the example

below: RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

o Formula in below example: =RANDBETWEEN(1,10)

Helpful stuff, right? Now for the icing on the cake: Once you've mastered the

Excel formula you need, you'll want to replicate it for other cells without rewriting

the formula. And luckily, there's an Excel function for that, too. Check it out

below.

Sometimes, you might want to run the same formula across an entire row or

column of your spreadsheet. Let's say, for example, you have a list of numbers in

 columns A and B of a spreadsheet and want to enter individual totals of each row

into column C.

Obviously, it would be too tedious to adjust the values of the formula for each cell

so you're finding the total of each row's respective numbers. Luckily, Excel allows

you to automatically complete the column; all you have to do is enter the formula

in the first row. Check out the following steps: 

1. Type your formula into an empty cell and press "Enter" to run the formula.

2. Hover your cursor over the bottom-right corner of the cell containing the formula.

You'll see a small, bold "+" symbol appear.

3. While you can double-click this symbol to automatically fill the entire column with

your formula, you can also click and drag your cursor down manually to fill only a
 specific length of the column.

4. Once you've reached the last cell in the column you'd like to enter your formula,

release your mouse to copy the formula. Then, simply check each new value to

ensure it corresponds to the correct cells.

FOOD SALES DISTRIBUTION DATA
What functions I learnt from an excel?

 Sum
 If
 Ifs
 Percentage
 Mean, median, mode
 Right, left, middle
 Consent

 CONCLUSION
Food sales – From above data we can measure
the food sales of products in various cities of
United States of America and different units
of each with various categories like –Bars,
Crackers, Cookies and Snacks

The above data is secondary based of a food sales

distributor Yippee

Unit price of one quantity -1.77

It also tells the time period of the order of distribution of

food products from 1 Jan-2020