BIT 1102 Internet Technology Exam 2014
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james kilonzoBIT 1102 Internet Technology Exam 2014
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Powered by AIThe transition from IPv4 to IPv6 was necessitated by the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, driven by the surge in Internet-connected devices. IPv6 provides a vastly larger address space with 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit, allowing for virtually unlimited devices. The change also includes improved functionality such as more efficient routing, simplified network configuration through auto-configuration capabilities, and better security features with mandatory IPsec support. These advancements facilitate the ongoing expansion and security of the global Internet infrastructure .
Website accessibility refers to the practice of making websites usable by people of all abilities and disabilities, ensuring easy navigation and understanding. Methods to improve accessibility include: 1) providing text alternatives for non-text content, 2) ensuring keyboard accessibility, and 3) using accessible web technologies and guidelines like WCAG .
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the Internet, providing benefits such as improved security, privacy, and control over network resources. It can filter requests, block harmful content, and log user activity for monitoring. Security implications include the potential for centralized logging of network traffic, which can be a point of vulnerability if not managed properly. Implementing a proxy server enhances security through IP masking and traffic analysis .
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of broadband that uses existing copper telephone lines to provide Internet access. It is characterized by having higher download speeds compared to upload speeds, which accommodates typical Internet usage patterns. Advantages include continuous 'always-on' connection, simultaneous use with phone lines, and relatively low cost compared to fiber-optic connections .
The W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) sets standards for the Web to ensure long-term growth. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, particularly those related to TCP/IP. RFCs (Requests for Comments) are a series of documents describing methods and research, serving as a reference point for network standards. The IAB (Internet Architecture Board) provides oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet. Together, they play crucial roles in standardizing and governing Internet technologies and operations .
Secure websites use encryption to protect data transmitted between the user and the server, safeguarding sensitive information like credit card numbers and personal details. SSL certificates are a key part of this security, providing authentication of the website's identity and enabling an encrypted connection. They are crucial for establishing trust with users and ensuring data integrity and confidentiality .
Packet switched networks divide data into packets and send them independently through the network, allowing for efficient use of network resources and flexibility. Circuit switched networks establish a dedicated communication path between nodes before the transmission, suitable for voice transmissions but less efficient for data. The Internet predominantly uses packet switched networks due to their efficiency and flexibility .
ARPANET was the pioneering network that formed the basis for the modern Internet, developed by DARPA in the late 1960s. It introduced key technologies, such as packet switching and TCP/IP protocols, that are foundational to current Internet architecture. ARPANET demonstrated distributed computing and network resilience, leading to the development of global networks. Its legacy is evident in the Internet's decentralized and robust design, making it a critical milestone in the evolution of global communication networks .
Static routing involves manually setting routes in a router's routing table, while dynamic routing uses algorithms to adjust routes based on current network conditions. Static routing is simpler and less resource-intensive but lacks adaptability. Dynamic routing can automatically update routes to respond to network changes such as congestion or failure, using protocols like BGP, OSPF, and RIP, enhancing reliability and optimizing traffic flow .
In a star topology, all nodes are connected to a central hub; failure at the hub affects the entire network, but individual node failures are isolated. A ring topology connects each node to two others, forming a circle; failure of a single node or connection can impact communication. In a bus topology, all devices share a single communication line; a failure in the line can disable the network, but line breaks can affect only segments of the network during isolation. Each topology presents unique failure challenges and efficiency trade-offs .