Problem 1
A physiotherapist with a male football team is interested in studying the
relationship between foot injuries and the positions at which the players play
from the data collected
1.1What is the probability that a randomly chosen player would suffer an
injury?
Answer : Players injured (total) =145
Total players = 235
P(A)/ P(B) : P(Suffered injury) = Total injured / total = 145/235 = 0.617
1.2What is the probability that a player is a forward or a winger?
Answer : Total forward players are 94
Total wing player is 29
So total would be 94+29 = 123
Total player mentioned in table is 235 So the probability would be that player
is forward player or a winger will be : 123/235 = 0.523
1.3What is the probability that a randomly chosen player plays in a striker
position and has a foot injury?
Answer : The probability of a randomly chosen player plays strike is 45 and
foot injury ones 77
Probability = 45/77 = 0.58
1.4What is the probability that a randomly chosen injured player is a striker?
Answer : The probability that randomly chosen injured player is a striker is
45/235 =0.191
1.5What is the probability that a randomly chosen injured player is either a
forward or an attacking midfielder?
Answer : The probability that a randomly chosen injured player is either a
forward or an attacking midfielder
P(AUB) =P(A) + P(B) – P(AB)
P(AUB) = P(56) + P(24) – P (56*24)
PROBLEM – 2
2.1 What are the probabilities of a fire, a mechanical failure, and a human
error respectively?
Answer : 20/100, 50/100, 10/100
The Probability of a fire is 0.2, a mechanical failure is 0.5 and human error is
0.1
2.2 What is the probability of a radiation leak?
Answer: The Probabilities of a fire is 0.2, a mechanical failure is 0.5 and
human error is 0.1
0.2+ 0.5+0.1= 0.799
2.3 Suppose there has been a radiation leak in the reactor for which the
definite cause is not known. What is the probability that it has been caused by:
A Fire.
A Mechanical Failure.
A Human Error.
Answer : The probability of a radiation leak in case of a fire is 0.001
The probability of a radiation leak in case of a Mechanical Failure is 0.0015
The probability of a radiation leak in case of a Human Error is 0.0012
Problem 3
3.1 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength less than 3.17 kg per
sq cm?
Answer: Normal cumulative distribution function (3.17, 5,1.5) it is 0.111
Proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength less than 3.17 kg per sq cm
is 0.1112
3.2 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength at least 3.6 kg per sq
cm.?
Answer: 1 norm .cdf (3.6, 5,1.5) that is 0.824
Proportion of gunny bags have a breaking strength at least 3.6kg per sq cm is 0.824
3.3 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength between 5 and 5.5
kg per sq cm.?
Answer : X = 5
Y= (X-mu)/sigma
X1= 5.5
Y1 = (X1-mu)/ sigma
P2 = [Link](Y)
P3= [Link](Y1)
P4= P3- P2
Probability that’s the gunny bag have breaking strength between 5 and 5.5 KG per
sq cm is 0.1306
3.4 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength NOT between 3 and
7.5 kg per sq cm.?
Answer: Probability that’s the gunny bag have breaking strength between 3 and 7.5
KG per sq cm is 1.0000
Problem 4:
4.1 What is the probability that a randomly chosen student gets a grade below 85 on
this exam?
Answer : The probability that a randomly chosen student gets a grade below 85 on
this exam 0.1112
4.2 What is the probability that a randomly selected student scores between 65 and
87?
Answer: The probability that a randomly selected student scores between 65 and 87
is – 0.8013
4.3 What should be the passing cut-off so that 75% of the students clear the exam?
Answer: 71 % should be the passing cut-off so that 75% of the students clear the
exam
Problem 5
5.1 Earlier experience of Zingaro with this particular client is favorable as the stone
surface was found to be of adequate hardness. However, Zingaro has reason to
believe now that the unpolished stones may not be suitable for printing. Do you think
Zingaro is justified in thinking so?
Answer: 0= Zingaro has reason to believe now that the unpolished stones may not
be suitable for printing
H1= Zingaro has reason to believe now that the unpolished stones may not be
suitable for printing
P value 0.00146 is less than significance level 0.05 hence reject the NULL
HYPOTHESIS
5.2 Is the mean hardness of the polished and unpolished stones the same?
Answer: No mean hardness of unpolished stones and polished stones are not same
Unpolished Mean: 134.1105
Polished Mean: 147.7881
Problem 6: Aquarius health club, one of the largest and most popular cross-fit gyms in
the country has been advertising a rigorous program for body conditioning. The
program is considered successful if the candidate is able to do more than 5 push-ups,
as compared to when he/she enrolled in the program. Using the sample data
provided can you conclude whether the program is successful? (Consider the level of
Significance as 5%)
Note that this is a problem of the paired-t-test. Since the claim is that the training will
make a difference of more than 5, the null and alternative hypotheses must be
formed accordingly.
Answer: For the analysis of this ,we use here two sample paired t test: Null
hypothesis (H0) : u >5 Alternative Hypothesis H1 : u <=5 P value is equal to 0, and
critical value is 0.05. : Since the p-value < ?, H0 is rejected
Before enrolling candidates for program not equal to after enrolling program
P Value equals 0 (P (x<=19.3226)=1). It means that chance of type 1 error (rejcting a
correct H0) is small 0 % The smaller the p – value is accept H1
Test statistics T equals 19.3226 which is 95% not acceptance
Mean: Before = 26.94 & After = 32.49
Variance: Before = 77.5519 & After = 77.080
Hypothesis mean difference =0
T Statistical value = 19.322619
Problem 7
7.1 Test whether there is any difference among the dentists on the implant hardness.
State the null and alternative hypotheses. Note that both types of alloys cannot be
considered together. You must state the null and alternative hypotheses separately
for the two types of alloys.?
Answer: Hypothesis factor A: H0:U1….uA factor B H0 U1…ub There is no
difference in the mean of variables BHO intersection (A iBj) =0 (Ai=1 toa j = 1 tob)