Theme: MAINTENANCE AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE
CASE STUDY ABOUT
DENGUE FEVER
SMK KOTA KEMUNING
BY SUTHARSHANA SURES
FROM 2 BRACHTIA
Content Standard: 4.1 Infectious and Non-infectious Disease
Learning Standard: 4.1.1 Differentiate and communicate about
infectious and non-infectious diseases.
4.1.2 Explain how infectious diseases are spread.
4.1.3 Separate the cause and spread of infectious diseases.
4.1.4 Generate ideas on the mechanism to prevent the spread of
infectious diseases.
Teacher’s Name: Pn Gustee Noraini
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO. CONTENT PAGES
1.0 Acknowlegdement 4
2.0 Introduction 4
3.0 Objectives 5
4.0 Study Method 6
5.0 Research findings 7-12
6.0 Data and analysis 13
7.0 Conclusion 14
8.0 References 15
1.0 Acknowledgement
Thank you to everyone who has helped me finish this report. Thank
you to my teacher Pn. Gustee Noraini. A special thanks to my sister Prema
Losihini for helping me do the assignment.
2.0 Introduction
Dengue fever is a viral infection caused by four Flaviviridae viruses
(DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). The viruses are spread through the
bites of infected female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos,
which feed both indoors and outdoors throughout the day (from dawn to
dusk). These mosquitoes flourish in standing water, such as puddles, water
tanks, containers, and old tyres. The growth of mosquitoes is further aided
by a lack of adequate sanitation and frequent rubbish collection.
3.0 Objectives
The objective of carrying out this research is to explain about dengue
fever and how it spreads.
Moreover, this research explains the cause, symptoms and prevention
of dengue fever.
Besides, this research also explains about the vaccination of dengue
fever and ways to prevent mosquito bites.
4.0 Study Method
Our class has been assigned to do a research on
the most prevalent diseases in Malaysia. I have
decided to do the reasearch alone. I have surfed the
Internet to find informations about dengue. I have
read articles about dengue. Then, I did this slide
based on the informations gathered. Lastly, I handed
the slide over to my teacher.
Dengue fever is a tropical and subtropical disease that
5.0 Research Findings primarily affects urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue
fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is currently endemic
in 112 countries around the world, the most prominent of
which are Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Maldives,
Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Other Southeast
DENGUE Asian countries are also affected. Dengue fever is also
prevalent in the Caribbean islands. Dengue infection has
been reported in the United States in recent years,
particularly among residents near the Mexican border.
FEVER Dengue fever outbreaks are also common in large parts of
South America. Every year, there are 100 million cases of
dengue fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever affects half a
million people worldwide. As a re-emerging disease, its
geographical spread has widened beyond endemic areas
due to increased urbanisation, poverty, intercontinental air
travel, and the demise of Aedes mosquito eradication
programmes.
DENGUE FEVER
Dengue fever is an infection spread by mosquitos. Outbreaks
frequently begin during the rainy season, when the mosquito
vector, Aedes aegypti, is plentiful. The mosquito breeds in
water-holding containers (desert coolers, vases, discarded
containers, coconut husks, or old tyres) or in plants near
human residences. Both man and mosquito serve as
reservoirs for infection. The female mosquito picks up the
virus by feeding on a viremia-infected human. The
mosquitoes become infective after 1 to 2 weeks and remain
so for the rest of their life span of 1 to 3 months. During this
time, they infect other humans through a blood meal.
CAUSES
The mosquito's geographic spread has been facilitated by
worldwide economic commerce, notably in worn tyres,
which collect rainwater easily.
During the dry/drought season, individuals tend to keep
water in containers, which inadvertently serve as
mosquito breeding grounds. Because of these conditions,
the Aedes mosquito, in particular, can grow and thrive.
Increased air travel and the breakdown of vector control
methods have also significantly contributed to the global
burden of dengue.
SYMPTOMS Headache
Muscle, bone or joint pain
Nausea
Vomitting
Pain behind the eyes
Swollen glands
Rash
PREVENTION
VACCINATION
In areas where dengue fever is common, one dengue fever vaccine (Dengvaxia) is
approved for people aged 9 to 45 who have previously had dengue fever. The
vaccine is administered in three doses over the course of a year. The vaccine is only
approved for people who have a documented history of dengue fever or who have
a blood test that shows previous infection with one of the dengue viruses — a
condition known as seropositivity. Receiving the vaccine appears to increase the
risk of severe dengue fever and hospitalisation due to dengue fever in people who
have never had dengue fever before (seronegative). Dengvaxia is not available to
travellers or residents of the continental United States. However, in 2019, the US
Food and Drug Administration approved the vaccine for people aged 9 to 16 who
have previously had dengue fever and live in the US territories of American Samoa,
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands where dengue fever is common.
Prevent mosquito bites
Stay in air-conditioned or screened-in accommodations. The mosquitoes that
transmit dengue viruses are most active from dawn to dusk, but they can bite at any
time of day or night.
Wear protective clothing. Wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks, and shoes
when going into mosquito-infested areas.
Use mosquito repellent. Permethrin can be used to treat your clothing, shoes,
camping equipment and bed netting. You can also buy clothing that already contains
permethrin. Use a repellent with at least a 10% concentration of DEET on your skin.
Reduce mosquito breeding grounds. Mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus typically
live in and around houses, breeding in standing water that can accumulate in items
such as used automobile tyres. You can help reduce mosquito populations by removing
places where they lay their eggs. Empty and clean containers that hold standing water,
such as planting containers, animal dishes, and flower vases, at least once a week.
Between cleanings, keep standing water containers covered.
7.0 CONCLUSION
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the
dengue virus. Symptoms include high fever, headache, vomiting,
muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue has
become a global problem since the Second World War and is
common in more than 120 countries. Symptoms typically begin
three to days after infection. Recovery generally takes two to seven
days. About 390 million people are infected a year, about half a
million require hospital admission, and approximately 40,000 die.
8.0 REFERENCE
I have referred to the websites below to search more information about
dengue fever that helped me in accomplishing my folio.
[Link]
severe-dengue
[Link]
fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078
[Link]
health/commitment-to-public-health/war-against-dengue-in-
[Link]
[Link]