Designing a Training Program

Learning Objectives

[Link] able to design a training program framework.

The next step in the training process is to create a training framework that will help guide you as you set up a training program. Information on how to use the framework is
included in this section.

Training Program Framework Development

1. Needs assessment and learning objectives. This part of the framework development asks you to consider what kind of training is needed in your
organization. Once you have determined the training needed, you can set learning objectives to measure at the end of the training.
2. Consideration of learning styles. Making sure to teach to a variety of learning styles is important to development of training programs.
3. Delivery mode. What is the best way to get your message across? Is web-based training more appropriate, or should mentoring be used? Can
vestibule training be used for a portion of the training while job shadowing be used for some of the training, too? Most training programs will
include a variety of delivery methods.
4. Budget. How much money do you have to spend on this training?
5. Delivery style. Will the training be self-paced or instructor led? What kinds of discussions and interactivity can be developed in conjunction with
this training?
6. Audience. Who will be part of this training? Do you have a mix of roles, such as accounting people and marketing people? What are the job
responsibilities of these individuals, and how can you make the training relevant to their individual jobs?
7. Content. What needs to be taught? How will you sequence the information?
8. Timelines. How long will it take to develop the training? Is there a deadline for training to be completed?
9. Communication. How will employees know the training is available to them?
[Link] effectiveness of training. How will you know if your training worked? What ways will you use to measure this?

Human Resource Recall

Can you think of a time where you received training, but the facilitator did not connect with the audience? Does that ever happen in any of your classes (of course not this
one, though)?

Needs Assessment
The first step in developing a training program is to determine what the organization needs in terms of training. There are three levels of training needs
assessment: organizational assessment, occupational (task) assessment, and individual assessment:

1. Organizational assessment. In this type of needs assessment, we can determine the skills, knowledge, and abilities a company needs to meet its
strategic objectives. This type of assessment considers things such as changing demographics and technological trends. Overall, this type of
assessment looks at how the organization as a whole can handle its weaknesses while promoting strengths.
2. Occupational (task) assessment. This type of assessment looks at the specific tasks, skills knowledge, and abilities required to do jobs within the
organization.
3. Individual assessment. An individual assessment looks at the performance of an individual employee and determines what training should be
accomplished for that individual.

We can apply each of these to our training plan. First, to perform an organizational assessment, we can look at future trends and our overall company’s
strategic plan to determine training needs. We can also see how jobs and industries are changing, and knowing this, we can better determine the
occupational and individual assessments.

Researching training needs can be done through a variety of ways. One option is to use an online tool such as SurveyMonkey to poll employees on what
types of training they would like to see offered.

As you review performance evaluations turned in by your managers, you may see a pattern developing showing that employees are not meeting
expectations. As a result, this may provide data as to where your training is lacking.

There are also types of training that will likely be required for a job, such as technical training, safety training, quality training, and professional training.
Each of these should be viewed as separate training programs, requiring an individual framework for each type of training. For example, an employee
orientation framework will look entirely different from an in-house technical training framework.

Training must be tied to job expectations. Any and all training developed should transfer directly to the skills of that particular employee. Reviewing the
HR strategic plan and various job analyses may help you see what kind of training should be developed for specific job titles in your organization.

Learning Objectives
After you have determined what type of training should occur, learning objectives for the training should be set. A learning objective is what you want
the learner to be able to do, explain, or demonstrate at the end of the training period. Good learning objectives are performance based and clear, and the
end result of the learning objective can be observable or measured in some way. Examples of learning objectives might include the following:

1. Be able to explain the company policy on sexual harassment and give examples of sexual harassment.
2. Be able to show the proper way to take a customer’s order.
3. Perform a variety of customer needs analyses using company software.
4. Understand and utilize the new expense-tracking software.
5. Explain the safety procedure in handling chemicals.
6. Be able to explain the types of communication styles and strategies to effectively deal with each style.
7. Demonstrate ethics when handling customer complaints.
8. Be able to effectively delegate to employees.

Once we have set our learning objectives, we can utilize information on learning styles to then determine the best delivery mode for our training.

Learning Styles
Understanding learning styles is an important component to any training program. For our purposes, we will utilize a widely accepted learning style
model. Recent research has shown that classifying people into learning styles may not be the best way to determine a style, and most people have a
different style depending on the information being taught. In a study by Pashler et al., the authors look at aptitude and personality as key traits when
learning, as opposed to classifying people into categories of learning styles. Bearing this in mind, we will address a common approach to learning styles
next.

An effective trainer tries to develop training to meet the three different learning styles1:
 1. Visual learner. A visual learner usually has a clear “picture” of an experience. A visual learner often says things such as “I can see what you are
saying” or “This looks good.” A visual learner is best reached using graphics, pictures, and figures.
2. Auditory learner. An auditory learner learns by sound. An auditory learner might say, “If I hear you right” or “What do you hear about this
situation?” The auditory learner will learn by listening to a lecture or to someone explaining how to do something.
3. Kinesthetic learner. A kinesthetic learner learns by developing feelings toward an experience. These types of learners tend to learn by doing
rather than listening or seeing someone else do it. This type of learner will often say things such as “This feels right.”

Most individuals use more than one type of learning style, depending on what kinds of information they are processing. For example, in class you might
be a visual learner, but when learning how to change a tire, you might be a kinesthetic learner.

Delivery Mode
Depending on the type of training that needs to be delivered, you will likely choose a different mode to deliver the training. An orientation might lend
itself best to vestibule training, while sexual harassment training may be better for web-based training. When choosing a delivery mode, it is important to
consider the audience and budget constrictions. For example, Oakwood Worldwide, a provider of temporary housing, recently won the Top 125 Training
Award for its training and development programs2. It offers in-class and online classes for all associates and constantly add to its course catalog. This is a
major recruitment as well as retention tool for its employees. In fact, the company credits this program for retaining 25 percent of its workforce for ten
years or more. Table 8.1 “Types of Training and Delivery” looks at each of the types of training and suggests appropriate options for delivery modes.