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OFDM Modulation: Advantages & Concepts

This document discusses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), a form of signal modulation used in many modern wireless systems. It describes how OFDM works by dividing a channel into orthogonal subcarriers using an inverse fast Fourier transform. This prevents interference between subcarriers. There are three types of subcarriers: data subcarriers that carry user data, pilot subcarriers for synchronization, and unused subcarriers as guards. OFDM provides advantages like resilience to interference but also has disadvantages like high peak-to-average power ratio and sensitivity to carrier offsets. In conclusion, OFDM is well-suited for high-data applications due to its high spectral efficiency and resilience to multi-path interference.

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19 views16 pages

OFDM Modulation: Advantages & Concepts

This document discusses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), a form of signal modulation used in many modern wireless systems. It describes how OFDM works by dividing a channel into orthogonal subcarriers using an inverse fast Fourier transform. This prevents interference between subcarriers. There are three types of subcarriers: data subcarriers that carry user data, pilot subcarriers for synchronization, and unused subcarriers as guards. OFDM provides advantages like resilience to interference but also has disadvantages like high peak-to-average power ratio and sensitivity to carrier offsets. In conclusion, OFDM is well-suited for high-data applications due to its high spectral efficiency and resilience to multi-path interference.

Uploaded by

abdalrhman mousa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OFDM

What's in store for us?


Single-Carrier and Multicarrier
Modulations
Multicarrier modulation, MCM is a
technique for transmitting data by
sending the data over multiple
carriers which are normally close
spaced.
Single-Carrier and Multicarrier
Modulations
Multicarrier modulation has several
advantages including resilience to
interference, resilience to narrow
band fading and multipath effects.
There are many forms of multicarrier
modulation techniques:
Orthogonal frequency division
Multicarrier multiplexing, "OFDM".
Generalized Frequency Division
modulation Multiplexing "GFDM".
systems Filter Bank Multi Carrier "FBMC".
Spectrally efficient frequency division
multiplex "SEFDM".
About OFDM
OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
is a form of signal waveform or modulation that
provides some significant advantages for data
links.

Accordingly, OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division


Multiplexing is used for many of the latest wide
bandwidth and high data rate wireless systems
including Wi-Fi, cellular telecommunications and
many more.
How does OFDM work?
OFDM divided a channel into subcarriers through a mathematical
function known as an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The
spacing of the subcarriers is orthogonal, so they will not interfere with
one another despite the lack of guard bands between them. This
creates signal nulls in the adjacent subcarrier frequencies, thus
preventing inter-carrier interference (ICI).
There are three types of
subcarriers
Data Subcarriers Pilot Subcarriers Unused
The pilot subcarriers do Subcarriers
These subcarriers will use the
same modulation and coding not carry modulated The remaining unused
schemes (MCSs) as 802.11ac data; however, they are subcarriers are mainly
used for synchronization used as guard carriers or
purposes between the null subcarriers against
receiver and transmitter. interference from
adjacent channels or sub-
channels.
The OFDM signal can be described as a set of
closely spaced FDM subcarriers. In the
frequency domain, each transmitted subcarrier
results in a sinc function spectrum with side
lobes that produce overlapping spectra
between subcarriers,This results in subcarrier
Understanding interference except at orthogonally spaced
frequencies. At orthogonal frequencies, the

Orthogonality individual peaks of subcarriers all line up with


the nulls of the other subcarriers. This overlap
of spectral energy does not interfere with the
system’s ability to recover the original signal.
The receiver multiplies (i.e., correlates) the
incoming signal by the known set of sinusoids
to recover the original set of bits sent.
The concepts used in the simple analog OFDM implementation can be extended to
the digital domain by using a combination of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) digital signal processing.
The input symbols are complex values representing the mapped constellation point
and therefore specify both the amplitude and phase of the sinusoid for that
subcarrier. The IFFT output is the summation of all N sinusoids. Thus, the IFFT block
provides a simple way to modulate data onto N orthogonal subcarriers. The block of
N output samples from the IFFT make up a single OFDM symbol.
After some additional processing, the time-domain signal that results
from the IFFT is transmitted across the radio channel. At the receiver,
an FFT block is used to process the received signal and bring it into
the frequency domain which is used to recover the original data bits.
OFDM advantages & disadvantages

OFDM advantages OFDM disadvantages


Resilience to interference. High peak to average power ratio.
Spectrum efficiency. Sensitive to carrier offset and
Resilient to ISI. drift.
Resilient to narrow-band effects.
Immunity to selective fading.
Conclusion
OFDM, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has gained a
significant presence in the wireless market place. The combination
of high data capacity, high spectral efficiency, and its resilience to
interference as a result of multi-path effects means that it is ideal
for the high data applications that have become a major factor in
today's communications scene.
Thank YOU

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