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Program Output Analysis and Solutions

The document contains 10 programming questions and their solutions. Each question provides the code for a short program and asks the user to determine the output. The provided solutions analyze each program and accurately describe the expected output.

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Sirajum Monir
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© All Rights Reserved
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14 views7 pages

Program Output Analysis and Solutions

The document contains 10 programming questions and their solutions. Each question provides the code for a short program and asks the user to determine the output. The provided solutions analyze each program and accurately describe the expected output.

Uploaded by

Sirajum Monir
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Program Output Check

1. Write the Output of the following program.


main( ){ 1
int x, y, m, n; 2
x = y = 10; 3
x += 1; y -= 1; 4
m = ++x; n = y--; 5
Printf(“M=%d\n N=%d\n X=%d\n Y=%d\n”, m--, n, ++x, y); 6
} 7

Ans:
M=12
N=9
X=13
Y=8

Explanation:
At line 3  x = 10 , y = 10

At line 4  x = 11 , y = 9

At line 5  m = 12, x = 12, n = 9, y = 8

At line 5  M = 12, m = 11, N = 9, n = 9, X = 13, x = 13, Y = 8, y = 8

2. Write the output of the following program.

main( ){
printf (“%d%d\n”, 32768, 32777);
printf (“%d\n”, ‘T’);
printf (“%c\n”, 97);
}

Ans: The output of the program is:

3276832777
84
a

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 1


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
3. Write the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>

main (void) {
int a = 20, b = 10, c, d;

c = ++a - b;
d = b++ +a;

printf ("a = %d b = %d c = %d d = %d", a, b, c, d);


printf ("\n %d", a%b);
printf ("\n %d", (c<d)?c:d);
printf ("\n %f", (float) (a/b) );

Ans:
a = 21 b = 11 c = 11 d = 31
10
11
1.000000

4. Write the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>

main( ) {
int x = 0, y = 5, i = 2;

while (i--) {
x += 1; y -= 1;
printf("X= %d \n Y= %d", x, y);
}
}

Ans:

X= 1
Y= 4 X= 2
Y= 3

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 2


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
5. Write the Output of the following program.

main( ){
int i=0, x=0;

do{
if ( i%5==0 ){
x++;
printf (“%d”, x);
}
++i;
} while (i<20);
}

Ans:
1234

Explanation:
Here, i=0 x=1
i=1
i=2
i=3
i=4
i=5 x=2
i=6
i=7
i=8
i=9
i=10 x=3
i=11
i=12
i=13
i=14
i=15 x=4
i=16
i=17
i=18
i=19

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 3


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
6. Write the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>
main() {
int n, m, p;

for (n = 1, m = 50; n<=m; n=n+1, m=m-1) {


p = m/n;
printf ("%d %d %d \n", n, m, p);
}
}

Ans:
n m p

1 50 50
2 49 24
3 48 16
4 47 11
5 46 9
6 45 7
7 44 6
8 43 5
9 42 4
10 41 4
11 40 3
12 39 3
13 38 2
14 37 2
15 36 2
16 35 2
17 34 2
18 33 1
19 32 1
20 31 1
21 30 1
22 29 1
23 28 1
24 27 1
25 26 1

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 4


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
7. Write the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>
main( ) {
int i, sum = 0;

for (i=1; i<20 && sum<100; ++i) {


sum = sum + i;
printf ("%d \n",sum);
}
}
Ans:

1
3
6
10
15
21
28
36
45
55
66
78
91
105

8. The following is a segment of a program:

y = 1;
if(x>=0)
if(x>0)
y = x + 1;
else
y = x - 1;

What will be the value of y if x equals to i) -2 ii) 0 and iii) 2 ?

Ans:

i) If x = - 2 then y = no ans / no value


ii) If x = 0 then y = -1
iii) If x = 2 then y = 3

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 5


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
9. Write the output of the following program:

#include<stdio.h>
main( ) {
int a, b, c, d;
a = 20; b = 15;

c = ++a - b;
printf (" a = %d b = %d and c = %d\n", a, b, c);

d = b++ +a;
printf ("a = %d b = %d and d = %d\n", a, b, d);

printf ("a/b = %d \n", a/b);


printf ("a%b = %d \n", a%b);
printf ("a*=b= %d \n", a*=b);
printf ("%d \n", (c>d)? 1:0);
printf ("%d \n", (c<d)? 1 : 0);
}

Ans:

a = 21 b = 15 and c = 6
a = 21 b = 16 and d = 36
a/b=1
a%b=5
a*= b = 336
0
1

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 6


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU
10. Describe the outputs generated by the following programs:

#include<stdio.h>
main( ) {
char choice = 'W';
switch(choice)
{
case 'R':
printf("RED");
case 'W':
printf("WHITE");
case 'B':
printf("BLUE");
}
}
Ans:
WHITEBLUE.

When the switch statement is executed, it found the value of the expression is ‘W’. Then the
value compared against the values ‘R’, ‘W, ‘B’. Here a case is found (case ‘W’: ) whose value
matches with value of the expression ( ‘W’ ) so the control is transferred directly to that case.
Next the block of statements that follows the ( case ‘W’: ) are executed.
As no break statements is found at the end of that block which signals the end of a particular case
block and causes an exit from the switch statement, the subsequent case ( case ‘B’: ) is also
executed.

Hence the output is: WHITEBLUE

11. Describe the outputs generated by the following programs:

#include<stdio.h>
main( ) {
int a, b, x=0;
for (a=0; a<5; ++a)
for (b=0; b<a; ++b)
{
x += (a+b-1);
printf ("%d ", x);
}
printf ("\n x=%d", x);
}
Ans:
Here the output is:

0 1 3 5 8 12 15 19 24 30
x=30

Dr. Abu Nowshed Chy 7


Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, CU

Common questions

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In each iteration of the nested loop, 'x' accumulates values based on the formula (a+b-1), simulating a cumulative sum reflecting input sequences within dynamic limits. Each 'b' dependent loop iterates incrementally from 0 to 'a', cumulatively adding computed expressions to 'x'. At each step, the intermediate 'x' state prints, verifying iterative performance. Completion results in lines with 'x=[final value]' confirming aggregate results over nested structure operations .

In the loop 'for (n = 1, m = 50; n<=m; n=n+1, m=m-1)', 'n' incrementally grows while 'm' shrinks, maintaining balance unless exit criteria 'n > m' occur. Variable 'p's division by zero risk in incremental stakes is mitigated by condition limits; the computed sequence illustrates practical loop evolution with positive only outcomes due to guardrails, enforcing orderly decrements/increments across 'm/n', avoiding skewed or infinite recursion through precise cutoff integration .

Using '%d' for characters or numbers exceeding 'int' defined limits can cause unexpected output due to incorrect data interpretation. For instance, treating '32768' with '%d' typically processes it, but interpreting '97' as an ASCII also works due to UTF-8 being a subset of integer conversion, converting valid integer-based characters incorrectly can lead to unpredictable program behavior .

In the loop, 'n' starts at 1 and increments by 1 each iteration, while 'm' starts at 50 and decrements by 1. The loop condition 'n<=m' ensures it runs until 'n' exceeds 'm'. The variable 'p' is calculated as 'm/n' on each iteration. For the initial iteration, 'p' is 50/1 = 50. As 'n' increases and 'm' decreases, resulting values continue with 'p' being recalculated accordingly. The loop finally exits when 'n' becomes greater than 'm'. Execution finishes with different values provided in the output for each iteration .

Unary operators like pre-increment '++a' or post-increment 'b++' change variable values before or after they are used in expressions. In 'c = ++a - b', 'a' increments before being used, unaffected by current operation relative to 'b'. In 'd = b++ +a', 'b' increments afterward, affecting future operations but not the current computation, highlighting the subtle order impact unary operators impose on variable operations .

Misaligning characters as integers under '%d', if unchecked where format specifiers exceed defined limits, challenges error detection due to 'char' implicit conversion. For instance, immediate integrity constraints avoid unintended cast override between sets, securely distinguishing within program-defined range. However, exceeding allowable integers advances undefined behavior propagation unless intercepted earlier, like attempting out-of-bounds equivalent ranges leading to invalid transformation risks .

In the provided program, 'c = ++a - b' increments 'a' to 21 before the operation, resulting in c = 21 - 10 = 11. In the next line, 'd = b++ + a' increments 'b' after the operation, so 'd' is calculated as 10 + 21 = 31. After this operation, 'b' becomes 11 post-evaluation .

If 'x' is -2, no condition satisfies, so 'y' remains undefined. If 'x' equals 0, the nested if doesn't execute as 'x>0' is false, so the else sets 'y' to 'x - 1', which is -1. When 'x' is 2, 'x>0' executes and sets 'y' to 'x + 1', resulting in 'y' being 3 .

Initially, 'x' and 'y' are both set to 10 . The operation 'x += 1' increments 'x' to 11 and 'y -= 1' decrements 'y' to 9. Then, 'm = ++x' sets 'm' to 12 after incrementing 'x' to 12, while 'n = y--' sets 'n' to 9 before decrementing 'y' to 8. Therefore, at the end of the program, the values are: M = 12, N = 9, X = 13 (due to ++x in printf), and Y = 8 .

The switch-case structure checks the value of 'choice', which is 'W'. Execution starts at case 'W', printing "WHITE". Due to the absence of a break statement, execution continues into case 'B', printing "BLUE". Hence, the output is "WHITEBLUE" because the cases execute sequentially until a break or end of switch is encountered .

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