Tutorial 2: Complex Numbers

Part A

1. Add the following complex numbers;

(a). (3+5 i)+(7+3 i)+(8+2 i) 18+10 i

(b). (2−7 i)+(3+8 i)+(−5−2 i) −i
(c). (4−2 i)+(7+3i )+(−5−6 i)+(2−5 i) 8−10i

2. Subtract the following complex numbers;

(a). (2+8 i)−(3+5i ) −1+3 i

(b). (3−9i )−(7−6 i) −4−3 i
(c). (7−8i )−(−3−5i ) 10−3 i

3. Simplify the following expressions giving the answers in the form a + bi;

(a). (3+3 i)(2+5 i) −9+21 i (b). (2−6 i)(3−7 i) −36−32i

(c). (4 +5i )2 8+10 i (d). (5+3 i)(5−3 i) 34
(e). (-5-2i)(5+2i) −21−20 i (f). (3-5i)(3-3i)(1+i) 18−30 i
1 2 5 2+5i 21 20
− i + i
(g). 2+5 i 29 29 (h). 2−5 i 29 29
−2−3 i 4 19 7+3 i 47 45
− − i + i
(i). 5−2 i 29 29 (j). 8−3 i 73 73
(1+2i)(2−i) 7 1 4+2i 1 3
− i + i
(k). 1+i 2 2 (l). (2+i)(1−3 i) 5 5

4. Find the real and imaginary parts of;

1
1+ i
(a). 2 Real 1 & Imaginary 1/2
2
3 i+ 3
(b). i = 5i Real 0 & I 5
2 5
(c). (2i ) +3(i) −i(i) 4 i 2 + 3i 5 −i 2

5. Solve the following equations giving the answers in the form a + bi;
2
(a). x +2 x+2=0 -- quadratic equation
2
(b). x +9=0
 1
Y=
6. Determine the admittance Y of a circuit if Z where Z =1. 3+0 . 6 i . 0 .643−0 . 293i

7. Three admittance
Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are represented by the complex numbers Z 1 =2+i ,
Z 2 =1+i and Z 3 =2 i . Determine the equivalent impedance Z if :

(a).
Z =Z 1 + Z 2 + Z 3 3+4 i
1 1 1 1 2 8
= + + + i
(b).
Z Z1 Z2 Z3 5 15
1
Z= + Z3 9 33
1 1 + i
+
(c). Z1 Z2 13 13

Part B

1. Show, indicating each one clearly, the following complex numbers on a Argand
diagram; u=4+3 i , v =−2+i , w=3−4 i , α=−3 . 5−2 i , β=3 i and z=4−i .

2. Determine the modulus and arguments of the complex numbers 3+4 i and 4−3 i .

3. If the complex number

Z 1 =−3+2 i , determine |Z1|=r and arg Z 1 =θ .

4). If the complex number

Z 2 =−4−2i , determine |Z2| and arg Z 2 .

5. Express each of the following complex numbers in polar form:

(a). 4 +3 i (b). 3−4 i

(c). −3+3 i (d). −2−i
(e). 4i (f ). −3.5i

6. Convert the following complex numbers, which are given in polar form, into
Cartesian/algebraic form:

(a). 3∠45 ° (b). 5∠154 °

(c). 4. 6 ∠−20 ° (d). 3 .2 ∠−120°

7. Simplify the following products of two complex numbers, given in polar form,
expressing the answers in polar form;

(a). (8 ∠30° )(7 ∠40 °) (b). (2∠−20 °)(5 ∠−30° )

(c). (5∠120 ° )(3 ∠−30 °) (d). (7 ∠−50 °)(3 ∠−40 °)
7. (a). 56∠70° (b). 10 ∠−50 ° (c). 15 ∠90 ° (d). 21∠−90 °

8. Simplify the following products of two complex numbers, given in polar form,
expressing the answers in polar form;

8∠20° 10 ∠−40 °
(a). 3∠50° (b). 5 ∠20 °
3 ∠−15 ° 1 .7∠35 . 28 °
(c). 5 ∠−6 ° (d). 0 .6 ∠9. 37 °

8). (a). 2. 67∠−30 ° (b). 2∠−60 ° (c). 0 .6 ∠−9 ° (d). 2. 83 ∠25 . 91°

12). (a). 0 .17 ∠−59 .03 ° (b). 0.0427-0.0385i

9. Three complex numbers

Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are given in polar form by Z 1 =3 ∠35° ,
Z 2 =5 ∠28 ° and Z 3 =2 ∠−50 ° . Simplify;

9). (a). 30 ∠13° (b). -2.93+6.90i

(a).
Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 giving the answer in polar form.
Z 1+ Z 2
(b). Z3 giving the answer in algebraic form.

10. If the complex number Z =2−3 i , express in polar form;

1
2
(a). Z (b). Z

10).(a). 0 .28 ∠56 . 31° (b). 13 ∠247. 38 °

11. Determine the square root of;

(a). 8 ∠38° in polar form (b). 2+3 i in algebraic form.

11). (a). w 0=2. 83 ∠19° w 1=2 . 83∠199 °

(b). 1.674+0.896i

1
Y=
12. The admittance Y of a circuit is given by Z .
(a). If Z =3+5 i , determine Y in polar form.
(b). If Z =17 . 4 ∠42 ° , find Y in algebraic form.
12). (a). 0 .17 ∠−59 .03 ° (b). 0.0427-0.0385i

Part C (De Moivre’s Theorem)

1. Evaluate the following in Polar form:

2 2
(a). (1+i) (b). (2+3i )
(c). (3−4i)
3
(d). √ 4∠60°
(e). √ 8∠−135° (f).
3
√ 2+3i
(g).
4
√−3−4 i (h). √−64
(i). √ 25

3
2. Determine the value of (3+4 i) , expressing the result in a+bi form.
9
3. Find the value of ( √3−i) giving your answer in both polar and rectangular forms.
1

4. Determine the value of (−2+2i) giving your answer in polar form correct to 3
2

significant figures.
5. Find the four roots of (3-4i), expressing them in a+bi form, correct to 3 significant
figures.

0.344+1.46i,

-1.46+0.344i,

-0.344-1.46i

1.46-0.344i,

6. The characteristic impedance

Z o and the propagation constant ρ of a transmission
line are given by the equations;
1 1 1 1
−
Z o =(0 .3+ j 0. 5 ) 2 (2+ j 500 ) 2
104 and ρ=(0 .3+ j 0. 5 ) 2 (2+ j 500 ) 2 10−4

Evaluate
Z o and ρ .

Exercise 4 (Miscellaneous Questions)

1
2
1. (a). Express 3+ 2i and (1−i) in the form a+bi . (b). Express (5+12i ) and (−3+i)
1 5+ 12i
in polar form and hence find (5+12i ) 3
and −3+i in Cartesian form.

2. If
Z 1 =1−i and Z 2 =5 ∠120° express;

Z 1 in polar form (b). Z 2 in rectangular form.

(a).
Z −Z
Hence find 1 2 in rectangular form.
3
(c). (Z 1 ) in polar form (d). √ Z 2 in polar form
3. (a). If
Z 1 =3−2i and Z 2 =3−4 i obtain the values of;

1
(i).
Z 1 −Z2 Z −Z 2
(ii). 1
1
Z1 Z2
(iii).
Z Z
(iv). 1 2
1 1
+
Z −Z 2 Z 1 Z 2
(v). 1

(b). Write 1+i and √ 3−i in polar form. Hence evaluate;

 1+i
Z=
(i). √ 3−i (ii). Z
3
(iii). Zi
Z 1+ Z 2
4. The total impedance Z of a circuit is given by the formula; Z3 where
Z 1 =2+3 i ,
Z 2 =−1−2i and Z 3 =−2+1 .5 i . Evaluate Z giving your answer in polar form. Hence find
the square roots of Z in rectangular form.

5. If
Z 1 =0 . 3+0 .5 i and Z 2 =2+500 i , determine

(a).
Z 1 and Z 2 in polar form

(b). The propagation constant ρ of a transmission line is given by

ρ=10
−4
√ Z1 Z 2 . Find
ρ in a+bi form, if the result for ρ must be in the first quadrant.

Z 2 ( Z 1+ Z 2 )
Z oc =
6. The open circuit input impedance
Z oc is given by 2 Z 2 + Z 1 and short circuit
Z 1 Z2
Z sc=
input impedance
Z sc is given by Z 1 + Z 2 . If Z 1 =1000 i and Z 2 =−100 i find Z oc

and
Z sc in both polar and rectangular forms. Hence find the characteristic impedance Zc

in polar and rectangular forms given that

Z c =√ Z sc Z oc .

Z1 Z2
Z=
7. (a). The total impedance Z between two points is given by Z 1 + Z2 . If Z 1 =2+3 i

and
Z 2 =5+2 i , find Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 1 +Z 2 in polar form. Hence find Z in polar form. (b). If
P
I2=
Z , find the two possible values of I if P=50 ∠100 ° and Z =25∠ 40 ° .

Part D (Exponential Form and Applications)

1. Express 5(cos135 °+isin 135 °) in exponential form.

2. Express (−1+5 i) in exponential form.

3. 84 i
3. Express 2. 50 e in polar and rectangular forms.

4. Solve 3(cos120 °+ i sin120 °)×5(cos 45°+i sin 45 °)

 8i
5. Determine 7 +2i using polar form.

6
6. Determine (1−2i) .

7. Determine the two square roots of (−5+12i) .

8. A circuit has a resistance of 5 Ω in series with a reactance across an inductor of 3 Ω.

Represent the impedance by a complex number, in polar form.

9. A particular ac circuit has a resistor of 4Ω, a reactance across an inductor of 8 Ω and

a reactance across a capacitor of 11 Ω. Express the impedance of the circuit as a
complex number in polar form.

10. If R = 10 , L = 0.6 H, C = 200 μF and ω = 50 rad/s, find the magnitude of the

impedance and the phase difference between the current and the voltage.

11. Given that the current in a given circuit is 3.90 - 6.04i mA and the impedance is
5.16+1.14i k, find the magnitude of the voltage.
12. A resistor, an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series across an ac voltage
source. A voltmeter measures 12.0V, 15.5V and 10.5V respectively, when placed across
each element separately. What is the magnitude of the voltage of the source?

13. Find the combined impedance of the following circuit:

14. Given that Z1= 200 − 40i  and Z2= 60 + 130i , determine

a) the total impedance

b) the phase angle
c) the total line current
15. A 100  resistor, a 0.02 H inductor and a 1.2 F capacitor are connected in parallel
with a circuit made up of a 110  resistor in series with a 2.4 F capacitor. A supply of
150 V, 60 Hz is connected to the circuit.
Calculate the total current taken from the supply and its phase angle.
16. By referring to the diagram below, calculate the total impedance

a.
b.

Answers

Part A

1). (a). 18+10i (b). –i (c). 8-10i

2). (a). -1+3i (b). -4-3i (c). 10-3i

3). (a). -9+21i (b). -36-32i (c).8+10i (d). 34 (e). -21-20i (f). 18-30i

2 5 21 20 4 19
− i − + i − − i
(g). 29 29 (h). 29 29 (i). 29 29

47 45 7 1 1 3
+ i − i + i
(j). 73 73 (k). 2 2 (l). 5 5
4). (a). 1, 1/2 (b). 0, 5 (c). -3, 3

5). (a). -1i (b). 3i

6). 0.634-0.293i

2 8
+ i
7). (a). 3+4i (b). 5 15 (c)0.692+2.538i (9/13+33/13i)

Part B

2). Modulus, r= 5, arg, θ= 53.18 ; mod, r= 5, arg, θ= 323.13

3). √ 13= 3.61, 146.32

4). √ 20= 4.47, 206.57
∘
5). (a). 5 ∠36. 87 ° (b). (c). (d). 2.24=206 .57 (e).
(f).
6). (a). 2.12+2.12i (b). -4.49+2.19i (c). 4.32-1.57i (d). -1.60-2.77i
7). (a). 56 ∠70° (b). 10 ∠−50 ° (c). 15 ∠90 ° (d). 21∠−90 °
8). (a). 2. 67∠−30 ° (b). 2∠60° (c). 0 .6 ∠−9 ° (d). 2.83∠44 .65°
9). (a). 30 ∠13° (b). -2.93+6.90i
10).(a). 0.28 ∠56 .32° (b). 13 ∠−112 .63 °
11). (a). 2.83 ∠19 ° (b). 1.674+0.896i
12). (a). 0 .17 ∠−59 .03 ° (b). 0.0427-0.0385i

Part C
1). (a). 2∠ 90° (b). 13 ∠112° (c). 125 ∠920. 61 ° (d). 2∠30 ° , 2∠210 °
(e). 2. 83 ∠−67 .5 ° , 2. 83 ∠112. 5 ° (f). 1.5∠19° , 1. 5∠139° , 1. 5 ∠−101 °
(g). 1. 5 ∠328. 3 ° , 1.5∠58.3° , 1.5 ∠148.3° , 1. 5 ∠238. 3 °
(h). 8∠90 ° , 8 ∠270 ° (i). 5∠0° , 5 ∠180 °
2). -117+44i
3). , 512i
4). 1. 68 ∠67 .5 ° , 1. 68 ∠247 .5 °
5). 1.46-0.344i, 0.344+1.46i, -1.46+0.344i, -0.344-1.46i
6). 329-90.5i, 0.00046+0.00164i

Exercise 4
1). (a). 0.231-j0.154, -j2 (b). 13∠67 .4° , 3 .16 ∠162 ° , 2.17+j0.90, -1.86+j1.43,
-0.31-j2.33, -0.3-j4.1
2). (a). 1.41 ∠−45 ° (b). -2.5+j4.33 , 3.5-j5.33 (c). 2. 83 ∠−135°
(d). 2. 24∠60° or 2. 24 ∠−120 °
3). (a). (i). j2 (ii). -j0.5 (iii). 1-j18 (iv). 0.0031+j0.055 (v). 0.0031-j0.45
(b). (i). 0 .71 ∠75 ° (ii). 0 .35 ∠−135 ° (iii). 0.71 ∠165 °
4). 0 .57 ∠−98 . 13° , 0.4927-j0.5681, -0.4927+j0.5681
5). 0.000459+j0.001644
6). 111. 8 ∠−90 ° = -j111.8 or 111. 8 ∠90° = j111.8
7). (a). 3 .61 ∠56 .3 ° , 5 .39 ∠21.8 ° , 8 .60∠35.5° , 2.26 ∠42 .6°
(b). 1.41 ∠30 ° or 1.41 ∠−150°

Part D
2. 36 j
1. [ 5 e ]
1.77 j
2. [ 5 .1 e ]
3. [2.503.84, 2.50(cos220° + jsin220°)]
4. [15 [cos(165°) +j sin(165°)]
5. [1.174.05]
6. [125339.39]
7. [2+3j, -2-3j]
8. [5.8330.96]
9. [5-36.87]
10. [70.71-81.87]
11. [38.0]
12. [13]
13. [37.69-9.06]
14. [106.234.82], [35], [0.11-34.82]
15. [0.20385.35]