Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ASSIGNMENT 2 (GROUP ASSIGNMENT)
BENDING
Comparison of Bending in Beams
Course: Bachelor in Aircraft Engineering Technology (Mechanical)
Subject Code: AAB 40803
Subject Name: Mechanics of Materials
Students Name: Id. No:
1.0 OBJECTIVE
1. To create three types of cantilever beams in Abaqus Software using the sketches
shown below. (Extrude the sketches to a length of 400 mm. Apply a moment of
1500000 [Link]).
2. To compare the performance of three types of beams under a bending moment such
as the results of stress and displacement for all the three cases and suggest the best
out of the three.
2.0 BENDING
2.1 Beams:
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis.
Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction
forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to
produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal
stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of
support, profile (shape of cross-section), equilibrium conditions, length, and material.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ARO
Beams are traditionally descriptions of a building or civil engineering structural elements, but
any structures such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames,
and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed to carry
lateral loads are analyzed similarly.
2.2 Cantilever Beams:
In our Simulation, we are using the Cantilever beam of Different types.
If a beam is fixed at one end and set to be free at the other end, it is termed as a cantilever
beam. The beam distributes the load back to the support where it is forced against a moment
and shear stress. Cantilever beams allow the creation of a bay window, balconies, and some
bridges.
2.3 Types of Cantilever Beam:
There are many types of beams available but for our simulation, we need only cantilever beams
of following types.
i. Rectangular Beam: It is also used to a great extent in the fabrication of enclosures,
automobiles and many other structural applications if it is hollow but in our case, we are taken
Rectangular Beam as solid to analyse the advantages of another beam over it.
ii. I-section Beam: Structural Beams are also known as I Beams or H Beams, and W Beams for
the wider flanged versions. Some construction companies refer to them as Universal Beams or
Rolled Steel Joists (RSJ). Typically they are used in the construction of buildings for structural
support. The part of the Structural Beam that provides resistance to shear forces (breaking,
tearing apart, or collapsing) is the web, while the flanges resist the bending movement of the
section.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ARO
iii. C-shaped beam: When looking at a cross-section it has a vertical web with horizontal top
and bottom flanges. It comes in a wide varying range of sizes and web thicknesses. The shape of
this type of product provides a great amount of structural strength, making it an ideal product
for making frames and bracing. Typically it is used in the manufacturing of machinery,
enclosures and vehicles. It is also used in the construction of buildings for structural support.
3.0 PROCEDURE
The Procedure for an analysis of the different types of Beams is as follows.
Step-1: Drawing Sketch of Rectangular, I-section and C-shaped beam in the
Abaqus/Catia/Solidwork with the help of the sketch provided. (All dimensions shown are in
mm)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Step-2: Extruding all the sketch to a length of 400mm.
ARO
Step-3: Defining the New simulation for each beam as a static structural analysis.
Step-4: Fixing one end of the beam.
Step-5: Applying a moment of 1500000 [Link] on the free end (rotate about x-axis as shown in
figure below, moment apply at RP-1 as shown). You can refer to the youtube link given on how
to apply the load: [Link]
Step-6: Defining fine Mesh to get better results. (for the Abaqus student version, it is advisable
to play around with the global seed number, estimated more than 15)
Step-7: Run Simulation.
Material Used: Refer to the table below, the material used is based on the group assigned.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ARO
Young’s Modulus of Ultimate
Modulus E, Rigidity G, Tensile Poisson’s
Group Materials
MPa @ MPa @ Strength σu, Ratio ν
N/mm2 N/mm2 MPa
Group 1 Aluminum, 2014- 73100 27000 469 0.35
T6
Group 2 Wrought Alloy, 68900 26000 290 0.35
6061-T6
Group 3 Cast Iron Alloy 6700 27000 179 0.28
ASTM 20
Group 4 Magnesium Alloy, 44700 18000 276 0.3
Am 1004-T61
Group 5 Steel Alloy, 200000 75000 400 0.32
Structural A-36
Group 6 Steel Alloy, 200000 75000 450 0.32
Structural A992
Group 7 Steel Alloy, 193000 75000 517 0.27
Stainless 304
Group 8 Titanium Alloy Ti- 120000 44000 1000 0.36
6A1-4V
Group 9 Copper Alloy, 103000 38000 655 0.34
Bronze C86100
Group 10 Copper Alloy, Red 101000 37000 241 0.35
Brass C83400
4.0 SIMULATION & ANALYSIS
Material: ________________________
4.1 Rectangular Beam
i) 2D Sketch
ii) Stress View (S, Mises)
iii) Displacement View (U, Magnitude)
4.2 I-Section Beam
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ARO
i) 2D Sketch
ii) Stress View (S, Mises)
iii) Displacement View (U, Magnitude)
4.3 C-Shaped Beam
i) 2D Sketch
ii) Stress View (S, Mises)
iii) Displacement View (U, Magnitude)
6.0 RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Lecturer: Signature:
Date: