MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Thursday, November 01, 2001 8:04:51 AM

CIRCULAR COLUMN
Design a circular column to carry an axial load of 1000 KN. Use M20 concrete and Fe
415 steel.
Solution:
fck  20N / mm2 380

fy  415N / mm2 Clear cover

Axial load =1000 KN
Factored axial load = 1.5 x 1000 = 1500 KN
Assuming 2% steel of column area
A sc  2%A  0.02 A , A c  0.98 A
Pu  0.4 fck A c  0.67f y A sc
1500  10 3  0.4  20  0.98 A  0.67  415  0.02 A
1500  10 3
A  1,11,931.95mm 2
13.401
d 2
A
4
1500  10 3
d  1,11,931.95mm 2
13.401
Say 380mm

Provide 380 mm dia size circular column section.

380 
2

A sc  0.02   2268 .23mm 2

4
Assuming 20 mm dia
2268.23
No of bars =  7.22 Say 8 no’s
20 
2

4
Provide 8 bars of 20 mm dia.

Lateral ties:Greater of the following

1) 6mm
2) ¼ x 20 = 5 mm
Say 6 mm

Spacing of lateral ties: Least of the following

1) Least lateral dimension = 380 mm
2) 16 x dia of main bar = 16 x 20 =320 mm
3) 300 mm
Provide 6 mm dia at 300 mm c/c

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

P-410, LSD, B.C. Punmia

Prob:
A circular column 3.5 m high is effectively held in position at both ends and
restrained against rotation at one end. Design the column to carry an axial load of
1200 KN, if its dia is restricted to 450 mm. use M 20 mix and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Axial load =1200 KN 450
Factored axial load = 1.5 x 1200 = 1800 KN
fck  20N/mm2 and fy  415N/mm2 Clear cover

Length = 3.5 m,
Condition: effectively held in position at both ends and
restrained against rotation at one end:
Leff = 0.8 x Lact = 0.8 x 3.5 =2.8 m

Check for slenderness ratio

L eff 2800
  6.22  12
D 450
The column is short column

Minimum eccentricity
L D 3500 450
e min      22mm
500 30 500 30
e min,permissible  0.05D  0.05  450  22.5mm
e min  0.05D
Column is designed as short axial loaded column.

Dia of circular = 450 mm

450 
2

Area of column A   159.04  10 3 mm 2

4
A  A c  A sc
A c  A  A sc  159.04  10 3  A sc
Pu  0.4fck A c  0.67fy A sc
 
1800  10 3  0.4  20  159.04  10 3  A sc  0.67  415  A sc
1800  10 3  1272 .32  10 3  8 A sc  278.05 A sc
1800  10 3  1272 .32  10 3
A sc   1954 mm 2
270.05

Assuming 20 mm dia
1954
No of bars =  6.21 Say 8 no’s
20 
2

4
Provide 8 bars of 20 mm dia.

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Lateral ties:Greater of the following

1) 6mm
2) ¼ x 20 = 5 mm
Say 6 mm

Spacing of lateral ties: Least of the following

1) Least lateral dimension = 450 mm
2) 16 x dia of main bar = 16 x 20 =320 mm
3) 300 mm
Provide 6 mm dia at 300 mm c/c

CIRCULAR COLUMN WITH HELICAL REINFORCEMENT

P-71 Cl 39.4
In this case the longitudinal bars of column are tied with spirals called as helical tie.
The column with helical ties has increased load carrying capacity due to confinement
of concrete by helical steel. This action comes into play when the outside concrete
cover gets crushed and then the load play when the outside concrete cover gets
crushed and then the load is transferred to the helical steel and is resisted by hoop
strength. The other advantage is that the helically reinforced column has a large
amount of ductility with the increase in strength by 5% provided the ratio of the
volume of helical reinforcement of volume of core is not less than:

Ag f
0.36   1 ck
 Ac  fy

Requirement: P-71 Cl : 39.4.1

Volume of helical rft  Ag f
 0.36   1 ck
Volume of core  Ac  fy
Where,
Ag = Gross area of the section
Ac = Area of core of the helically reinforced column measured to the outside
dia of the helix
fy = Characteristic strength of helical rft but not exceeding 415 N / mm 2 .

Thus, the equation for the helically reinforced columns can be written as

Pu  1.05 0.4fck A c  0.67f y A sc 

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Design Of Short Column

Problem:
Design a circular column to carry an axial load of 1200 KN. Use M-15 concrete
and Fe 415 steel bar.

Solution: Core dia

(Dc)
P = 1200 KN
Pu = 1.5 x 1200 = 1800 KN

Pu  1.05 0.4fck A c  0.67f y A sc Clear cover

Assuming, A sc  2%A
1800  10  1.050.4  15A g  0.02A g   0.67  415  0.02A g 
3

1800  10 3  6.174A g  5.56A g  11.735A g

1800  10 3
Ag   153.40  10 3 mm2
11.735
153.4  10 3  4
D  441.94mm Say  450mm

 450 
2

A sc  0.02   3180.86mm 2
4
3180.86
No of bars =  6.48No' s Say 8 No’s
25 
2

4

Provide 8#25 as longitudinal rft A sc  3927mm 2 
P-49, Cl [Link] (d) (2) and Cl [Link] (c) (2)

Helical rft dia: Greater of the following

1. ¼ x 25 = 6.25 mm Core dia (Dc)
2. 6 mm.
Say 8 mm
Clear cover
Spacing of helical rft:

Volume of helical rft Vh   Ag f

 0.36   1 ck `
Volume of coreVc   Ac  fy

Outer dia of helix = Dc  450  2  40  2  8  386mm.

Area of core of helically reinforced column measured to
the outside of the helix
 3862
Ac   117.02  103 mm 2
4
Volume of core per mm length (Vc) = A c  1  117.02  10 3 mm3

Let the pitch of the spiral be ‘S’ mm

Volume of spiral (helical rft) per mm length of column (Vh) S

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Circumfere ntial length x C/S area of spiral

Vh 
Pitch of spiral wire (Spacing)

Dia of core upto center of helix dh  450  2  40  8  378mm

 d2s    378    8 2  59691 .36

  dh
Vh      
 4 
S S 4 S
   
Vh 59691 .36 0.51
       (1)
Vc S  117.02  10 3
S
Ag f
0.36   1 ck
 Ac  fy
450 
2

Gross area of section = A g   159043 .13mm 2

4
386 
2

Ac   117 .02  10 3 mm 2
4
 159043 .13  15
0.36   1  4.67  10 3..........(2)
117.02  10
3
 415

Equating (1) & (2)

0.51
 4.67  10 3
S
S  109.23mm.

Page 49, Cl [Link](d)

Min pitch: Max of the following
1. 3 x dia of helix = 3 x 8 = 24 mm.
2. 25 mm.
Max pitch: Least of the following
1. 75 mm
2. 1/6 x dia of core = 1/6 x 386 = 64.33 mm.

Provide 8 mm dia @ 60 mm c/c.

P-722 Ramachandra
Design a circular concrete axially loaded column to carry an axial load of 1500
KN including dead load, live load and self weight. The column shall remain
continuous through reinforced concrete beam and slab floors at both the ends.
Provide M 20 grade concrete and HYSD steel bars of grade Fe-415. Height b/w the
floors and soffit of shallow beam is 6.0 m. Provide spiral rft.

Solution:
P = 1500 KN, Pu = 1.5 x 1500 = 2250 KN
Actual length (unsupported length) L = 6 m
Condition: Restrained in position and direction at both ends.
L eff  0.65  6000  3900mm

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul


Pu  1.05 0.4 fck A c  0.67 f y A sc 
Assumin g, 2%steel

2250  10 3  1.05 0.4  20  0.98 A g  0.67  415  0.02 A g 
3 2
Area of column A g  159.90  10 mm
159.90  10 3  4
Dia of column D   451.21mm say  D  460mm

Check for slenderness ratio
L eff 3900
  8.48  12
D 460
The column is short column

Minimum eccentricity
L D 6000 460
e min      27.33mm
500 30 500 30
e min,permissible  0.05D  0.05  460  23mm
e min  0.05D
 e min  0.05D ,

Pu  1.05 0.4fck A c  0.67fy A sc  is strictly not applicable and the column is to be
designed as an eccentrically loaded column. Alternatively, let us keep dia = 720 mm
L D 6000 720 Core dia (Dc)
e min      36mm
500 30 500 30
e min,permissible  0.05D  0.05  720  36mm
e min  0.05D Clear cover

Hence adopt Dia of column = 720 mm

720 
2

Ag   407.15  10 3 mm 2
4
A sc  0.02  407.15  10 3  8143mm 2

8143
No of bars =  11.52No' s Say 12 No' s
30 
2

4

Provide 12#30 as Longitudinal rft A sc  8482.30mm2 
P-49, Cl [Link] (d) (2) and Cl [Link] (c) (2) S

Helical rft dia: Greater of the following

1. ¼ x 30 = 7.5 mm
2. 6 mm.
Say (ds) =8 mm

Spacing of helical rft:

Volume of helical rft Vh   Ag f
 0.36   1 ck
Volume of coreVc   Ac  fy
dh

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Outer dia of helix = D c  720  2  40  2  8  656mm.

Area of core of helically reinforced column measured to
the outside of the helix
656 
2

Ac   338  10 3 mm 2
4
Volume of core per mm length (Vc) = A c  1  338  10 3 mm 3
Let the pitch of the spiral be ‘S’ mm
Volume of spiral (helical rft) per mm length of column (Vh)

Circumfere ntial length x C/S area of spiral

Vh 
Pitch of spiral wire (Spacing)

8
Dia of core upto center of helix dh  720  2  40  2   648mm
2
  dh  d 2s    648    8 2  102328 .06
Vh      
S  4  S  4  S
Vh 102328 .06 0.303
       (1)
Vc S  338  10 3
S
Ag f
0.36   1 ck
 Ac  fy
720 
2

Gross area of section = A g   407.15  10 3 mm 2

4
656 
2

Ac   338  10 3 mm 2
4
 407.15  10 3  20
0.36   1  3.55  10 3..........(2)
 338  10 3
 415

Equating (1) & (2)

0.303
 3.55  10 3
S
0.303
S  85.35mm.
3.55  10 3

Page 49, Cl [Link](d)

Min pitch: Max of the following
1. 3 x dia of helix = 3 x 8 = 24 mm.
2. 25 mm.
Max pitch: Least of the following
1. 75 mm
2. ⅙ x dia of core = ⅙ x 656 = 109.33 mm.

Provide 8 mm dia @ 70 mm c/c.

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Dec.06/ Jan 07 (VTU) – 20 Marks

Design a circular column to carry on axial load of 1400 kN using :
a. Lateral ties.
b. Helical reinforcements.
Adopt M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
fck  20N / mm2 450

fy  415N / mm2 Clear cover

1) Hoop rft :
Axial load =1400 KN
Factored axial load = 1.5 x 1400 = 2100 KN
Assuming 2% steel of column area
A sc  2%A  0.02A
A c  0.98A
Pu  0.4 fck A c  0.67fy A sc
2100  10 3  0.4  20  0.98 A  0.67  415  0.02 A
2100  10 3
A  1,56704 .72mm 2
13.401
156.704  10 3  4
Dia of column D   446.73mm

say  D  450mm
Provide 450 mm dia size circular column section.
450 
2

A sc  0.02   3134 .09mm 2

4

Assuming 20 mm dia
3134.09
No of bars =  9.97 Say 10 no’s
20 
2

4
Provide 10 bars of 20 mm dia.

Lateral ties:Greater of the following

1) 6mm
2) ¼ x 20 = 5 mm
Say 8 mm

Spacing of lateral ties: Least of the following

1) Least lateral dimension = 450 mm
2) 16 x dia of main bar = 16 x 20 =320 mm
3) 300 mm
Provide 8 mm dia at 300 mm c/c

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Helical rft :
Pu = 2100 KN

Pu  1.050.4 fck A c  0.67 f y A sc 

Assumin g,
A sc  2%A

2100  10  1.05 0.4  200.98A g   0.67  415  0.02A g
3

2100  10 3  14.07 A g
2100  10 3
Ag   149.24  10 3 mm 2
14.07
149.24  10 3  4 Core dia (Dc)
D  435.93mm

Say  440mm
Clear cover
440 
2

A sc  0.02   2985.07mm2
4
2985.07
No of bars =  6.08No' s Say 8 No’s
25 
2

4
Provide 8#25 as longitudinal rft

P-49, Cl [Link] (d) (2) and Cl [Link] (c) (2)

Helical rft dia: Greater of the following

1) ¼ x 25 = 6.25 mm
2) 6 mm.
Say 8 mm

Spacing of helical rft:

Volume of helical rft Vh   Ag f
 0.36   1 ck
Volume of coreVc   Ac  fy

Outer dia of helix = D c  440  2  40  2  8  376mm.

Area of core of helically reinforced column measured to
the outside of the helix
376 
2

Ac   111.04  10 3 mm 2
4
Volume of core per mm length (Vc) = A c  1  111.04  10 3 mm3
Let the pitch of the spiral be ‘S’ mm
Volume of spiral (helical rft) per mm length of column (Vh)
Circumfere ntial length x C/S area of spiral
Vh 
Pitch of spiral wire (Spacing)

Dia of core upto center of helix

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

8
dh  440  2  40  2   368mm
2
  dh  d2s    368    8 2  58112 .23
Vh      
S  4  S  4  S Core dia (Dc)

Vh 58112 .23 0.523

       (1)
Vc S  111.04  10 3
S Clear cover
Ag f
0.36   1 ck
 Ac  fy
440 
2

Gross area of section = A g   152053 .084mm 2

4
 152053 .084  20
0.36   1  6.41  10 3..........(2)
 415
3
111.04  10

Equating (1) & (2)

0.523
 6.41  10 3
S
S  81.61mm.

Page 49, Cl [Link](d) S

Min pitch: Max of the following
1) 3 x dia of helix = 3 x 8 = 24 mm.
2) 25 mm.
Max pitch: Least of the following
1) 75 mm
2) 1/6 x dia of core = 1/6 x 376 = 62.66 mm.

Provide 8 mm dia @ 60 mm c/c.

dh

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Columns subjected to axial load and uniaxial load

HOOP REINFORCEMENT
P-446, LSD by B.C. PUNMIA
Design a short column of 500 mm dia with the following data:
Factored load = 800 KN, Factored moment = 162.5 KN-m
Provide hoop reinforcement. Take M 20 concrete mix and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Let us assume 20 mm dia bars at a clear cover of 40 mm
d’= 40 +20/2 = 50 mm,
Let us assume that moment due to minimum eccentricity will be less than the
given moment.
Ref chart 56 of Sp 16
Pu 800  10 3 Mu 162.5  10 6
  0.16;   0.065;
fckD 2 20  500 2 fckD 3 20  500 3
p Core dia (Dc)
 0.05
f ck
% of steel (p)  0.05 f ck  0.05  20  1 %  Asc, min (0.8%)
Clear cover
100A sc
% of steel (p) 
bD
2
(500)
A sc  1  4  1963.50 mm2
100
Assuming 20 mm dia
1963.50
No of bars =  6.25 Say 8 no’s
20 
2

4
Provide 8 bars of 20 mm dia.

Lateral ties:Greater of the following

1) 6mm
2) ¼ x 20 = 5 mm S

Say 6 mm

Spacing of lateral ties: Least of the following

1) Least lateral dimension = 500 mm
2) 16 x dia of main bar = 16 x 20 =320 mm
3) 300 mm

Provide 6 mm dia at 300 mm c/c

dh

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

P-722 Ramachandra
Design a circular concrete axially loaded column to carry an axial load of
1500 KN including dead load, live load and self weight. The column shall remain
continuous through reinforced concrete beam and slab floors at both the ends.
Provide M 20 grade concrete and HYSD steel bars of grade Fe-415. Height b/w the
floors and soffit of shallow beam is 6.0 m. Provide spiral rft.

Solution:
P = 1500 KN, Pu = 1.5 x 1500 = 2250 KN
Actual length (unsupported length) l = 6 m
Condition: Restrained in position and direction at both ends.
L eff  0.65  6000  3900mm
Pu  1.050.4 fck A c  0.67 f y A sc 
Assumin g, 2%steel

2250  10 3  1.05 0.4  20  0.98A g  0.67  415  0.02A g 
Area of column A g  159.90  10 3 mm2
159.90  10 3  4
Dia of column D   451.21mm

say  D  460mm
Check for slenderness ratio
L eff 3900
  8.48  12
D 460
The column is short column
Minimum eccentricity
L D 6000 460
e min      27.33mm
500 30 500 30
e min,permissible  0.05D  0.05  460  23mm
e min  0.05D
 e min  0.05D ,
Pu  1.050.4fck A c  0.67f sc A sc  is strictly not applicable and the column is to be
designed as an eccentrically loaded column.
Mu  Pu  emin  2250  27.33  61492.5KN  mm  61.50  10 6 N  mm
According to Cl 38.4 of the code, the strength of a compression member with helical
reinforcement is 1.05 times with helical reinforcement is 1.05 times the strength of a
similar member with lateral ties. Therefore the given load and moment should be
divided by 1.05 before referring to the chart. Hence,
Pu 2250  10 3
  0.51;

1.05  fckD 2  
1.05  20  460 2 
Mu 61.50  10 6
  0.03;

1.05  fckD 3  
1.05  20  460 3 
d 50
  0.108  0.10
D 460

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MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

Ref chart No 56 , P- 141

p
 0.095
f ck
% of steel (p)  0.095 f ck  0.095  20  1.9 %  Asc, min (0.8%)
100A sc
% of steel (p) 
area of column
(460) 2
A sc  1.9  4  3157 .61 mm2
100

460 
2

Ag   166.19  10 3 mm 2 Core dia (Dc)

4

3157.61 Clear cover

No of bars =  6.43No' s Say 8 No' s
25 
2

4
Provide 8#25 as longitudinal rft  Asc  3927 mm 2 

P-49, Cl [Link] (d) (2) and Cl [Link] (c) (2)

Helical rft dia: Greater of the following

1. ¼ x 25 = 6.25 mm
2. 6 mm.
Say (ds) =8 mm

Spacing of helical rft: Cl 38.4.1

Volume of helical rft Vh   Ag f
 0.36   1 ck
Volume of coreVc   Ac  fy S

Outer dia of helix = D c  460  2  40  2  8  396mm.

Area of core of helically reinforced column measured to
the outside of the helix
396 
2

Ac   123 .16  10 3 mm 2
4
Volume of core per mm length (Vc) = A c  1  123.16  10 3 mm3
Let the pitch of the spiral be ‘S’ mm
Volume of spiral (helical rft) per mm length of column (Vh)

Circumfere ntial length x C/S area of spiral dh

Vh 
Pitch of spiral wire (Spacing)

8
Dia of core upto center of helix dh  460  2  40  2   388mm
2

[Link] Kumar, Associate Prof, CED, Government Engg College, Chamarajanagar Page 13 of 14
MODULE - 5: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS AND FOOTING rcul

 d 2s    388    8 2  61270.50
  dh
Vh      
S  4  S 4 S
   
Vh 61270.50 0.497
       (1)
Vc S  123.16  10 3
S
Ag f
0.36   1 ck
 Ac  fy
460 
2

Gross area of section = A g   166.19  10 3 mm 2

4
396 
2

Ac   123 .16  10 3 mm 2
4
166.19  10 3  20
0.36   1  6.06  10 3..........(2)
 415
3
123.16  10

Equating (1) & (2)

0.497
 6.06  10 3
S
0.497
S  81.99mm.
6.06  10 3

Page 49, Cl [Link](d)

Min pitch: Max of the following
1. 3 x dia of helix = 3 x 8 = 24 mm.
2. 25 mm.
Max pitch: Least of the following
1. 75 mm
2. ⅙ x dia of core = ⅙ x 396 = 66 mm.
Provide 8 mm dia @ 65 mm c/c.

[Link] Kumar, Associate Prof, CED, Government Engg College, Chamarajanagar Page 14 of 14