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Overview of Data Acquisition Systems

The document discusses data acquisition systems and fuzzy logic systems. Data acquisition systems are used to convert, store, transmit, and process data. They can be analog or digital. Analog systems use transducers, signal conditioners, displays, and recorders, while digital systems add an analog-to-digital converter. Fuzzy logic systems use degrees of truth rather than binary true/false, allowing for answers between categories like possibly or certainly. Fuzzy logic is useful for engineering problems with uncertainty and provides effective machine control with simple structure.

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Kishan Adhikari
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31 views3 pages

Overview of Data Acquisition Systems

The document discusses data acquisition systems and fuzzy logic systems. Data acquisition systems are used to convert, store, transmit, and process data. They can be analog or digital. Analog systems use transducers, signal conditioners, displays, and recorders, while digital systems add an analog-to-digital converter. Fuzzy logic systems use degrees of truth rather than binary true/false, allowing for answers between categories like possibly or certainly. Fuzzy logic is useful for engineering problems with uncertainty and provides effective machine control with simple structure.

Uploaded by

Kishan Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Data Acquisition System

The system, used for data acquisition are known as data acquisition
systems. These data acquisition systems will perform the tasks such as
conversion of data, storage of data, transmission of data and processing
of data.
Types of data acquisition system :
 Analog data acquisition system
 Digital data acquisition system

1. Analog data acquisition system:


The data acquisition systems, which can be operated with analog signals are known
as analog data acquisition systems. Following are the blocks of analog data acquisition
systems.

 Transducer − It converts physical quantities into electrical signals.


 Signal conditioner − It performs the functions like amplification and selection
of desired portion of the signal.
 Display device − It displays the input signals for monitoring purpose.
 Graphic recording instruments − These can be used to make the record of
input data permanently.
 Magnetic tape instrumentation − It is used for acquiring,

2. Digital data acquisition system :


The data acquisition systems, which can be operated with digital signals are known as digital
data acquisition systems. So, they use digital components for storing or displaying the
information.
Mainly, the following operations take place in digital data acquisition.

 Acquisition of analog signals


 Conversion of analog signals into digital signals or digital data
 Processing of digital signals or digital data
Following are the blocks of Digital data acquisition systems.
 Transducer − It converts physical quantities into electrical signals.
 Signal conditioner − It performs the functions like amplification and selection of
desired portion of the signal.
 Multiplexer − connects one of the multiple inputs to output. So, it acts as parallel
to serial converter.
 Analog to Digital Converter − It converts the analog input into its equivalent
digital output.
 Display device − It displays the data in digital format.
 Digital Recorder − It is used to record the data in digital format.

Fuzzy Logic System :

Fuzzy logic is a computing technique that is based on the degree of


truth. A fuzzy logic system uses the input’s degree of truth
and linguistic variables to produce a certain output. The state of this
input determines the nature of the output. This technique is different
from boolean logic, which uses only two categories (true or false).
fuzzy logic systems use degrees of possibilities.
For example :
Suppose we have a question that we need to answer.
In boolean logic, the answer would be either yes or no. In fuzzy
logic, the answer may be between these two categories. Some of the
probable answers in this logic may include possibly yes, possibly no,
or certainly no.

Why fuzzy logic is used ?

 It solves the problem of uncertainty in the engineering


field.
 When accurate reasoning is not available, it provides an
accurate level of reasoning.
 Fuzzy logic has a simple structure that is easy to
understand.
 It is an effective way of controlling machines.
 It provides solutions to various industrial problems
(especially decision making).
 It requires little data to be executed.

Linguistic variable : variable whose values are words or sentences in a


natural or artificial language

Common questions

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Fuzzy logic is advantageous in engineering for solving uncertainty when accurate reasoning is unavailable, providing an accurate level of reasoning, being easy to understand due to its simple structure, offering effective machine control, and providing solutions to various industrial problems, especially in decision-making .

A digital recorder in a data acquisition system has the advantage of storing data in a digital format, which ensures accuracy and ease of access when compared to graphic recording instruments used in analog systems that record inputs permanently and may not be as precise or easily retrievable .

Fuzzy logic provides solutions in situations where Boolean logic might be insufficient by allowing for a range of answers based on degrees of truth rather than just 'true' or 'false'. This is particularly useful in handling uncertainty and providing nuanced responses, which Boolean logic cannot accommodate .

In both analog and digital data acquisition systems, a transducer is significant because it converts physical quantities into electrical signals, which are necessary for further processing and conversion stages in each system type .

Analog data acquisition systems operate with analog signals and include components like transducers, signal conditioners, display devices, graphic recording instruments, and magnetic tape instrumentation . Digital data acquisition systems work with digital signals and involve acquisition of analog signals, conversion to digital, and further processing. They use components like multiplexers and analog to digital converters in addition to transducers and signal conditioners .

Signal conditioning enhances the performance of a data acquisition system by amplifying the input signals and allowing the selection of the desired portion of the signal, thus preparing the signal properly for subsequent stages such as conversion and storage .

Fuzzy logic systems allow for decisions based on degrees of truth and linguistic variables, unlike Boolean logic, which operates on binary true or false values . This enables fuzzy logic to solve problems of uncertainty and provide a range of nuanced answers such as 'possibly yes,' thereby offering more flexibility in decision-making .

In a digital data acquisition system, a multiplexer connects one of the multiple inputs to the output, effectively acting as a parallel to serial converter, which is critical for efficient signal processing .

Fuzzy logic is more beneficial than traditional deterministic methods in scenarios involving a high degree of uncertainty, where precise reasoning is unavailable, or where system simplicity is desired. It provides flexible control solutions and is effective in decision-making processes across various industrial applications .

An engineer might choose a digital data acquisition system because it allows for precise processing, storage, and display of digital data, converting analog signals into digital form for accurate analysis and avoiding the noise issues often associated with analog systems .

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