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Azeotropes in Ethanol and Nitric Acid

This document contains questions about phase equilibria and boiling point-composition diagrams for various mixtures. It asks the student to define an azeotrope, identify properties of given mixtures including ethanol-water and nitric acid-water, determine distillation outcomes, and state characteristics of deviations from Raoult's law. It also asks the student to draw boiling point-composition diagrams for benzene-methanol and water-nitric acid mixtures based on specified characteristics and azeotrope compositions.

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IZZAN IZALIA MAHZAN
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24 views3 pages

Azeotropes in Ethanol and Nitric Acid

This document contains questions about phase equilibria and boiling point-composition diagrams for various mixtures. It asks the student to define an azeotrope, identify properties of given mixtures including ethanol-water and nitric acid-water, determine distillation outcomes, and state characteristics of deviations from Raoult's law. It also asks the student to draw boiling point-composition diagrams for benzene-methanol and water-nitric acid mixtures based on specified characteristics and azeotrope compositions.

Uploaded by

IZZAN IZALIA MAHZAN
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[PHD124] UITM PP/FAKULTI FARMASI 2022

QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 8 – PHASE EQUILIBRIUM

1. The figure above shows a boiling point-composition phase diagram for a mixture of

ethanol and water.

a) Define azeotrope mixture


b) State:
i) the type of Raoult’s Law deviation
ii) type of azeotrope in terms of boiling point
iii) the ideality of the solution.
Ideal or non-ideal solution?
iv) The boiling point of pure water
v) The boiling point of pure ethanol
vi) The composition of pure water distilledits boiling point
vii) The composition of pure ethanol distilled at its boiling point
viii)The composition of azeotropic mixture
ix) The boiling point of the azeotrope

c) Determine the first distillate and residue if 40% of ethanol is fractionally distilled.
d) Determine the temperature and composition where a mixture of liquid that has same
composition of the vapour being formed at a constant boiling point temperature for
entire distillation.
e) Can the azeotropic mixture can be distilled by fractional distillation?
f) Give reason for ( e )
g) State the FOUR ( 4 ) characteristics of the above deviation from Raoult’s Law.

SSMD2022
[PHD124] UITM PP/FAKULTI FARMASI 2022

2. The figure above shows a boiling point-composition phase diagram for a mixture

of nitric acid and water.

a) Define azeotrope mixture


b) State:
i) the type of Raoult’s Law deviation
ii) type of azeotrope in terms of boiling point
iii) the ideality of the solution. Ideal or non-ideal solution?
iv) The boiling point of pure water
v) The boiling point of pure nitric acid
vi) The composition of pure water distilled at its boiling point
vii) The composition of pure nitric acid distilled at its boiling point
viii)The composition of azeotropic mixture
ix) The boiling point of the azeotrope

c) Determine the first distillate and residue if 40% of nitric acid is fractionally
distilled.
d) Determine the temperature and composition where a mixture of liquid that has
same composition of the vapour being formed at a constant boiling point
temperature for entire distillation.
e) Can the azeotropic mixture can be distilled by fractional distillation?
f) Give reason for ( e )
g) State the FOUR ( 4 ) characteristics of the above deviation from Raoult’s Law.

SSMD2022
[PHD124] UITM PP/FAKULTI FARMASI 2022

3. Draw the boiling point-composition diagram for the solution with the following

characteristics.

The boiling point of benzene is 80 0C whereas that methanol is 64.7 0C.


The solution has minimum-boiling point of 560C.
An azeotropic mixture with a 60 % Methanol composition is obtained.

4. Draw the boiling point-composition diagram for the solution with the following

characteristics.

The boiling point of water is 100 0C whereas that nitric acid is 83 0C.
The solution has maximum-boiling point of 125 0C.
An azeotropic mixture with a 40 %nitric acid composition is obtained.

SSMD2022

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