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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
Article in Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology · December 2018
DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1901.06
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Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology
Vol. 38, No. 1, 69-82, January 2019
p-ISSN: 0254-7821, e-ISSN: 2413-7219
DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1901.06
Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects:
A Case Study of Pakistan
AMMAD HASSAN KHAN*, ALI IMRAN**, AND MUZAMIL HUSSAIN***
RECEIVED ON 17.08.2017 ACCEPTED ON 12.02.2018
ABSTRACT
Achieving and maintaining quality values are indispensable for attaining organizational and customer
satisfaction. This research investigates different aspects of operationalize quality culture and factors
affecting the quality of building construction in under developed countries like Pakistan. A qualitative
and quantitative survey was circulated among different stakeholders including Clients, Consultants and
Contractors to assess the level of the contractor’s performance, the project monitoring and controlling
techniques, proper health and safety requirements, client satisfaction and workers experience in
construction industry projects. The practice of professional quality management in building projects is
increasing, however, many flaws and negligence are still found in local practices. This analysis also
indicates that political and socio-economic factors play a significant role in maintaining the quality level
in local industry. Therefore, the allocation of sufficient resources, proper training of workers, and
recruitment of quality control staff and the use of advanced technologies are recommended for proper
implementation of QMS (Quality Management System).
Key Words: Construction Industry, Quality Management System, Quality Control, Contractor
Performance, Customer satisfaction.
1. INTRODUCTION
A
s the complexity and size of building projects improvements with modifications [4]. Hence, it is
is expanding, the clients are demanding higher pragmatic to inspect the sustainable performance from
quality level for their projects [1]. The the capability of implemented management system and
contractors are also keen to adopt the high quality the authenticity of process throughout the building
standards in organizations to improve the construction lifecycle [5]. The high level of the
competitiveness, overall performance and to reduce the performance can only be achieved through quality control
relative project costs [2-3]. The implementation of QMS of each process. However, several flaws such as
in construction is unending process and needs continual incompetence in contract management, lack of
Authors E-Mail: (ammadhk@[Link], aimranyaseen@[Link], muzamilhussain833@[Link])
* Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
** Infrastructure Development Authority Punjab, Pakistan.
*** Department of Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
This is an open access article published by Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro under the CC by 4.0 International License.
69
Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
professional planning, deficiencies in control of project, and concluded that not only the costs, quality and time
slow decision capability, inefficiency in leadership and are essential for construction management, but also the
execution of non-standard methods have been indicated planning of construction equipment, safety factors and
in construction industry [6-7]. So it is important to focus seasonal impacts must be included in documentation.
all phases of building construction to understand the Memon et. al. [20] also circulated a survey in two major
factors that affect the quality of project [8-9]. It is also cities of Pakistan to know the level of QMS in construction
required to elaborate the role of management, quality projects. The results of this study show that both
assurance system and its applications in different aspects consultants and contractors are showing the negligence
[10-11]. in implementation of QMS, although they understand the
significance of QMS. However, the objective of this
Several studies have focused on innovative tools [12], research is to perform a comprehensive analysis of
integration management capabilities [13] and project operationalize quality culture and the factors governing
management factors [14] of construction firms. Chou et. the quality assurance during building construction in
al. [15] proposed a model where the combined effects of Pakistan.
quality, project scope, communication, time, risks,
procurement management and human resources for 2. CATEGORIZING QUALITY
success of construction projects in Indonesia, Taiwan CONTROL PARAMETERS ON THE
and Vietnam are investigated. It is concluded that the BASIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW
effective use of knowledge of project management body
assures the project success. A study [16] on the basis of QC (Quality Control) culture is the valuable system of
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is conducted on any organization that encourages workers to establish
urban complex construction projects in china. It is quality environment. It promotes and improves quality
proposed that the quality of urban complex construction with the continuous practice of attributes, procedures
projects should be improved by using the BIM information and traditions. The QC culture helps the contractor to
sharing functions and features. Lukichev et. al. [17] meet the required competitive business performance, client
discussed the facing problems of QMS implementation satisfaction and social responsiveness [2-14]. The
and certification body selection in Russia. It is suggested collective effect of several resources such as human, QC
that the competitiveness in global market may be improved standards, material, machinery, procedures and
after obtaining the certificates of foreign certification environment defines the effectiveness of QC process or
authorities such as ISO-9001:2015. Poyhonen et. al. [18] quality management system in construction industry [25-
described a real school project from Finland and 26].
developed PDS (Project Delivery System) using
2.1 Human Control
innovative management system. It is determined that the
resources and competences, market input, development The most important factor of QC is human ability. More
process and strategy are main parameters for developing efficient and skilled staff can produce high quality work.
PDS. Kozlovskaa et. al. [19] conducted a survey in Slovakia Human has ability to control himself and things such as
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
quality can be controlled from him [27]. The momentum selection of tool, several loading and stress conditions,
of whole management system depends on the combined method of tests, objective of tests and consideration of
effort or team work. The failure or success of any particular use etc. are required for investigating the
organization depends on caliber of leadership [28]. characterization of materials [34]. The selection of optimal
alternative process and method is mandatory.
2.2 Quality Control Standards
2.4 Other Parameters Influencing the
It is considered that the important factor for the success Quality Management System
of any organization is in implementing QMS as it has
ability to integrate, translate and institutionalize the QC Health and safety assurance, planning and scheduling,
behaviors in everyday practices [29]. The implementation motivation and security of employees, evolution of
of any defined standard ultimately changes the culture, technology, external and internal audits, research and
strategic priorities, process and beliefs of organization. development, political influence, integrity of workers,
ISO provides world-class specifications for all types of budget volume and tender requirements are some other
products, projects and services to ensure safety, factors that affect the quality [35-36].
efficiency and quality [30]. ISO provides strategic
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
guidance and tools that help organizations to minimize
the errors, access the new market demands and increase A questionnaire survey is developed on the basis of
the productivity [31]. The number of fundamental factors as mentioned in section 2. Complete questionnaire
principles of quality management including implication is given in the Appendix-I. The description of
and motivation of higher management, customer focus, questionnaire format and methodology for data collection
continual improvement and process approach are used and analysis is discussed in the following section.
to achieve customer ’s requirements and quality
3.1 Questionnaire Format
consistently [32].
2.3 Selection of Optimal Process and This research is carried out in the construction industry
Materials of Pakistan. For present study, the mixture of qualitative
and quantitative approaches have been adopted.
The selection of materials according to design and Quantitative research is used to collect and transform
environmental requirement is most significant task that specific data that is used to evaluate. Qualitative research
determines the quality of construction directly. It is gives respondent to express views openly and their
important for each contractor to ensure selection of suggestions or views lead to modify and expand the
materials according to the application, design, cost, boundary of results during the analysis. For this survey,
environmental conditions and performance before several types of thirty-five (35) questions were included
purchasing [33]. The procurement of materials needs to for the development of questionnaire. The brief
be completed before its implementation. The description about the pattern of questionnaire is
environmental conditions, dimensions of specimens, discussed in following points.
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
Closed ended format include the set of multiple position in the organization and their educational level.
choice questions. Such type of questions forced The second section of questionnaire was designed
the respondents to select answer from any of especially, to assess the awareness about the QC methods,
the given choices. techniques and standards. The general QC practices
considered in survey are described in Fig. 1.
Open ended questions provide opportunity to
our respondents to express their views freely. In third section of questionnaire the quality of
construction techniques and material used for
The set of liker questions helps the surveyor to construction of buildings was inquired. The questions
know how strongly the reviewers agree any related to other parameters are also included to assess
particular issue or statement. the performance of contractors. The complete details of
variety of questions included in survey are briefly listed
Dichotomous questions allows the reviewers to
in Fig. 2.
choose the only one option either yes or no,
agree or disagree. 3.2 Data Collection
Rating scale questions allow the respondents The data for this research is collected in 1.5 years ranging
to rate any specific issue between good to poor. from 2016-2017. For present study data was collected via
emailing questionnaire to the respondents (experts). A
The closed ended, open ended, liker, total of 110 questionnaires were sent through email to
dichotomous and rating scale questions are experts/professionals of construction industry within the
included in questionnaire and divided into
following four sections.
(i) Organizational profile.
(ii) Common QC practices in construction sector.
(iii) Respondent’s experience with QMS.
(iv) Remarks and suggestion.
The first section of the questionnaire was designed
seeking organizational and personal information of the
respondents. The research was a technical oriented one.
So, the professionals for survey were selected from the
construction industry, especially the people responsible
and related to quality management and control at
construction sites. This section of the questionnaire
FIG. 1. GENERAL QUALITY CONTROL PRACTICES
inquired about the experience, type of organization, INCLUDED IN QUESTIONNAIRE (12-23)
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
region of Punjab, Pakistan to achieve the target of position of the respondents in the organization was asked
hundred. 94 responses were received, which were then in first question. Four directors, eight project managers,
inspected for non-responsiveness and incompletion. thirty-six site engineers, ten QC engineers and 32 other
After scrutiny of these 94 respondents four participants employees are contacted to compare and verify the
were observed biased and the responses of these four responses and to differentiate the views of higher and
were discarded; this resulted in a total of 90 complete and lower body. The workers of several ranks are targeted,
robust responses. However, these remaining ninety however, maximum number of site engineers have
questionnaires were satisfactory, so the results were participated in survey because of the fact that they play
evaluated on the basis of their responses. more significant role to control the quality at the building
construction projects and only limited companies
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION preferred to hire the QC engineer for each site. From
question 2 it was found that 43% employees of
The findings of the research are discussed below:
contractors, 36% employees of consultants and 21%
employees of clients are participated in the survey.
4.1 Organizational Profile
However, it was preferred to contact more persons of
The position in organization, organizational background, contractor firm because contractors were involved directly
education and experience of the respondents were in construction phase. First of all, it is the responsibility
investigated in this section. The designation or the of contractors to use the QMS and standards to maintain
FIG. 2. PARAMETERS OF QMS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHASES [21-37]
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
the quality. As the instructions of clients and pressure of the local approaches such as twenty are using the client
consultants also play significant role in QC. So, the based Performa, sixteen are using the checklist, and
reasonable strength of clients and consultant firms are fourteen are using the specialist subcontractor system.
also included in survey. The more important finding is that three respondents
accepted that they are not using any QMS and never
The statistical data of question 3 shows that the
received any instruction from higher management about
qualification of 65% participants was BSc. Engineering, it. Hence, we can conclude that the practice of QMS is
28% were MS Engineering and 7% were diploma holders.
increasing but few are still not interested in such activities.
It is investigated that most of the respondents were BSc
The frequency of quality register is also determined in
Engineers having experience less than five years. The
one question to examine the consciousness of
statistical data of experience is presented in Fig. 3.
respondents in QA (Quality Assurance). The statistical
Although they have less experience but they have more
data shows that 52, 7, 16 and 3% are using quality register
potential to face the work pressure. But the gap among
weekly, fortnightly, monthly and sporadically respectively.
experienced and highly qualified individuals could not
The 22% respondents claimed that they never used
minimized.
quality register. From this data it is concluded that if they
4.2 Common Quality Control Practices in are not using this basic activity then the situation
Construction Sector concluded from above question is probed. Fig. 4 shows
the data of two questions in which the indirect relationship
This section of questionnaire was designed essentially of health & safety with QMS is investigated.
to assess the awareness about the already implemented
QMS, techniques and standards. From question 6 and 7, It is found that most of organizations are aware of the
it is concluded that majority of employees agreed that importance of availability of quality manager. The overall
they are using QMS in construction field and they are response of respondents shows that the implementation
advised to maintain it. However, further investigation of the QC system is mandatory to minimize the defects
shows that the only thirty-two respondents are using in project. However, enough time is required on QA of
international standard, however, remaining are following activities in a typical working week. Instead of this, it is
FIG. 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF RESPONDENTS FIG. 4. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH & SAFETY
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
also investigated that the proper quality management companies are using 2 min, three are using 3 min, sixteen
training in whole organization, site management training are using greater than 3 min and one is not considering
and QMS incentives are fruitful for the improvement of vibrator. Scheduling and monitoring of project after
quality. This is concluded from the questions 13-19 design is the most significant component of project life
which is presented in Table 1. Fig. 5 shows that most of cycle. The analysis shows that 76% respondent’s start
the statistical scores are greater than 20 points of mean planning and monitoring at the start of the project, while
value. 18% plan it during execution of project, 1% plan it at the
end and 1% do not do it. Primavera (P6) software package
4.3 Experience of Respondent in Quality is most widely used in Pakistan for project planning as
Management System sixty respondents claimed that they are using it but
remaining twenty-three are still using the Microsoft
The method of construction activities and quality of
office and five are using the PERT for that purpose.
materials used for construction of buildings are
investigated in this section. In first question it is
Bricks are the most important building material in
investigated that almost all the respondents believed
Pakistan, some reasonable respondents up to thirty-
that 5-15% total cost of project can be saved by proper
QC management. On the basis of this concept we can
analyze that most of the organizations are meeting quality
measures as minimizing the cost of project is the first
priority of every organization. From the data of next
question as shown in Fig. 6, it was found that many
organizations preferred to add 0.5-2% extra water to
increase the workability of concrete. This practice
represents that many firms show the flexibility to deviate
the standard. Similarly, Vibrator time for the proper
FIG. 5. IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND
compaction of concrete is inquired to assess the level QUALITY MANAGER TRAINING & QMS INCENTIVES AND
REDUCTION OF DEFECTIVE WORK
of perfection in concreting. It is found that fifty-four
TABLE 1. NEED OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & TIME FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
Requirement of QMS Enough Time is Needed to Spend on QA
Status Number of Respondents Status Number of Respondents
Strongly agree 44 Strongly agree 37
Agree 45 Agree 43
Neutral 0 Neutral 7
Disagree 1 Disagree 0
Strongly Disagree 0 Strongly Disagree 0
Mean: 18 & Standard Deviation: 24.2 Mean: 17.4 & Standard Deviation: 20.9
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
two accepted that they are using 1-20% second class as shown in Fig. 7. In next three questions many
bricks of total bricks. However, 52 respondents points were considered about the quality of concrete.
claimed that they are not using second class bricks. One of question was about the compressive strength
Remaining four accepted that they are using more than of concrete. The maximum strength of concrete
20% second class bricks. Water absorption test is a ch i eves a ft er 28 of ca sti n g. For ty-Four (44)
used for the inspection of bricks. 35% respondents participants claimed that they performed the tests;
claimed that they used the bricks even when the however, remaining claimed that they performed
absorption power is greater than 20%, while 21% testing after the 14 and 7 days. Concrete gives
cl ai m ed t h at t hey never per for m ed t he wat er maximum strength at 28 of its casting. The proper
absorption test. From these facts we conclude that proportion and mixing of concrete with mixers also
majority of our industry is not properly adopting the plays important role in concrete quality. One question
standards especially where they find any benefit was about the mixing time of concrete. Twenty-eight
related to money saving. It is not an easy task to respondents claimed that they mix the concrete for 1
achieve the 100% perfection in results when we min; thirty-six accept that they do the same process 2
compare with standard values. So, it is common minutes and remaining accept that they mix the
practice to accept any process or material with little concrete more than 3 minutes. The behavior about
tolerance. But acceptance of greater fluctuation show the testing of concrete under tensile loading is also
that we compromise on quality. The statistical data of investigated in another question as shown in Fig. 8.
one question shows that the thirteen out of seventy It is found that the majority of people are not
respondents accept the tolerance greater than 5%. performing the tensile tests. It is a fact that the
The soil tests were performed in execution that companies that focus on high level quality cannot
directly determines the quality of compaction. In neglect any material testing procedure even that these
question 27 it was asked either soil investigation test tests are not more beneficial. Steel of different grade
per for m e d or n ot a t t h e si t e. Al m ost a l l t h e may be used in construction; therefore, the question
respondents perform soil investigation tests on the was asked about the preference of steel bar during
site. In one question the value of soil compaction for selection. It is found that mostly persons up to 63%
the determination of strength of soil is investigated are using hot rolled steel of grade 60 while remaining
FIG. 6. WATER REQUIRE TO ATTAIN WORKABILITY FIG. 7. SOIL COMPACTION CRITERIA
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
are using the steel of other grades such as grade 60 Few respondents highlighted that the selection of
grade cold twisted, grade 40 hot rolled and grade 40 good quality materials is the first and important step
cold twisted steel. The preference of water quality for the QA. And then fair supervision of projects
used in mixing is investigated in one of the question a cc or di n g t o t h e st a n da r ds i s r equi r ed. As
and it is found that 79% respondents use the tap construction projects are completed after the huge
water, 11% used the distilled water, 2% used water of investment and long duration so any carelessness or
any quality and remaining 8% never checked the corruption may not be acceptable from supervisors,
quality of water. From the result of this section we contractors and client. However, the complete control
conclude that where many companies are following of materials quality and implementation of QC
the standard values but few do not care the standard management system with seriousness and sincerity
values.
will be possible if the anti-corruption departments will
4.4 Suggestions by Respondents take action against corruption. Hence it is need to
i m prove wh ol e system for sa fet y a n d qual i t y
The section of suggestions by respondents have measurements. For this purpose, the department of
been included to know the opinion of respondents QC under the supervision of quality manager is
about the improvement of QC. The purpose of this mandatory to manage QC activities and resolve issues.
section was to give the opportunity to respondents Also, honesty and loyalty of staff is important to
to express the views freely about anything such as ensure the implementation. So, if employees of
questionnaire, impact of survey, implementation of organization will not compromise against their
QC m a n a g em en t syst em , t ech n i ques for t h e integrity and ethical values and whole society will
improvements of QMS, hurdles in QC or any other play their role then it will be easy task.
related issue. Because it was time taking process so
only few respondents filled this section. Comments Awareness and Competence about methods of QC,
of few responden ts are discussed in following Regular Inspection & Testing, Corrective and Preventive
paragraphs. action and Internal and External Audit must be considered
for QA. In Pakistan contractors always find shortcuts to
avoid the proper standard methods. Sometimes quality
managers also compromise on proper standards. Mostly
countries develop their own standards. So, it is better for
us to develop the standards. Moreover, proper training
and knowledge of IS is required. The use of QC tools,
qualitative resources and skilled workforce plays strong
role in QMS. The forecasting about the project
management, resources and cost must be on the basis of
realistic factors.
FIG. 8. TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
APPENDIX-I: SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire Survey
I am doing a research on "Evaluation of quality control practices during building construction projects in Pakistan". Your kind responses for the
Following questions will be much appreciated.
Name:Faizan Imtiaz Age:24 Years Gender: Male
Section-1: Organizational Profile
(a) Director (b) Project Manager (c) Site Engineer
1. Please select your position in the organization.
(d) Quality Control Engineer (e) Other
2. Please select the type of your organization. (a) Client (b) Contractor (c) Consultant
3. Please select your qualification level. (a) PhD (b) Masters (c) BSc (d) Diploma
4. Please select in years your overall experience within the construction industry? (a) <5 years (b) 5-10 years (c) >10 years (d) >20 years
5. Please select the number of years' you have been employed by your current company? (a) <5 years (b) 5-10 years (c) >10years (d) >20 years
Section-2: Common Quality Control Practices in Construction Sector
6. Have you used any form of quality management system in the construction industry? (a) Yes (b) No
Have you ever been communicated or advised about quality management from senior
7. (a) Yes (b) No
management in your current project?
(a) ISO 9000 (b) Custom (c) Client (d) Checklist (e) Specialist Sub Contractor
8. Are you currently using any of these quality management systems on your project?
System (f) None
Do you use any of the following activities in order to ensure quality in your current (a) Quality Planning (b) Pre-Established Criteria (c) Predefined Personnel Authority
9.
project? (d)Quality Control Technique (e) Snagging (f) All of the above (g) None of the above
10. Do you use a quality register on site? (a) Weekly (b) Fortnightly (c) Monthly (d) Sporadically (e) Never
In direct comparison to that of health and safety on site; please give your opinion on the
11. (a) More (b) Same (c) Less
importance of quality management in your construction project.
How do you rate the attention of your company gives to quality management in
12. (a) More (b) Same (c) Less
comparison to that of H&S?
Do you think each site should have a quality manager responsible for implementing
13. (a) Yes (b) No
quality plans and checklists?
Do you feel that a quality management system is a necessity for the site team to deliver
14. (a) Strongly Agree (b) Agree (c) Neutral (d) Disagree (e) Strongly Disagree
a project with zero defects?
15. In a typical working week; do you feel that spending time to ensure quality is important? (a) Strongly Agree (b) Agree (c) Neutral (d) Disagree (e) Strongly Disagree
16. Have you ever received training in any form of quality management system a) Y es b) No
17. Do you feel site managers need to be trained in quality management skills? (a) Yes (b) No
Would you be spending more time to achieve zero defects if there were incentives
18. (a) Yes (b) No
provided to you?
Do you agree quality management systems help reduce defective work and the number
19 (a) Yes (b) No
of snag corrections in your current project?
Section-3: Experience of Respondents in Quality Management System
How much % of construction money can be saved by using quality control
21. (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) more than 15%
management?
To get excessive workability of concrete how much extra water, workers are adding
22. (a) 0.5% (b) 1.0% (c) 1.5% (d) 2% or more
during pouring of concrete?
For how much time workers use vibrator to get the proper and standard compaction of
23. (a) 2mint (b) 3mint (c) more than 3mint (d) No vibration
concrete for good quality?
(a) At start of activity (b) In the mid of Activity
24. When scheduling and monitoring is done at site?
(c) At the end of activity (d) Not done
25. Which planning software are you using? (a) P6 (b) MS Project (c) CPM (d) PERT (e) TILOS
What % age of second class brick you use in your construction with respect to first
26. (a) 20% (b) 30% (c) 50 % (d) More than 50%
class bricks?
27. What is the water absorption of bricks that you have used at particular project site? (a) 20% (b) 22% (c) 24% (d) Test not performed
If quality control practice is carried out at your site, then what is the tolerance limit from
28 (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) More stringent than standards (d) more than 10
standards?
29. At your project what is the % age of soil compaction you get? (a) 95% (b) 90% (c) 85% (d) less than 85%
30. Is soil investigation test is carried out for your site? (a) Yes (b) No
30. After how many days you carry out test on concrete? (a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 28 (d) no test
31. For how much time concrete batching plant revolve for concrete production? (a) 1 mint (b) 2mint (c) 3mint (d) 4mint
32. What % age of tensile strength (fc') of concrete you get at your project? (a) 8% of fc' (b) 10% of fc' (c) 12% of fc' (d) No test
(a) Grade 40 hot rolled (b) Grade 60 Hot rolled (c) Grade 40 cold twisted
33. What type of steel bar is used at your site?
(d) Grade 60 Cold twisted
34. Which quality of mixing water you used at your site (a) Tap water (b) Distilled water (c) any quality (d) never checked quality
Section-4: Remarks and Suggestions
35. Please notify us about what, in your point of view, is vital to improve quality control management in construction industry of Pakistan?
In my opinion the selection of good quality materials is the first and important step for the quality assurance. And then fair supervision of projects according to the standards is required.
As construction projects are completed after the huge investment and long duration so any carelessness or corruption may not be acceptable from supervisors, contractors & client. However, I
think the complete control of materials quality and implementation of quality control management system with seriousness and sincerity will be possible if the anti-corruption departments will take
action against corruption.
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
5. CONCLUSIONS (v) Adequate training for QC is very important for
better implementation of QMS. Defective work
The following conclusions are made on the basis of whole at site can be controlled with proper QMS.
research. Promotions and incentives must be offered on
the basis of good quality work.
(i) The level of the contractor’s performance, the
project monitoring and controlling techniques, (vi) The selection of materials according to design
client’s satisfaction and workers experience in and environmental requirements are most
construction industry was assessed and found significant task that determines the quality of
not in line with QMS international standards. construction directly.
(ii) It is concluded that human ability is important (vii) The complete information about the water
factor of QC and it is found that most of the quantity to increase the concrete workability,
respondents were BSc Civil Engineers having vibrator time for proper compaction of concrete,
experience less than five years and most of site project planning tools, quality of bricks on the
basis of water absorption test, the range of
engineers are doing the QC practice. Therefore,
acceptable tolerance, value of soil compaction
more efficient, educated, experienced and skilled
test, quality of concrete on the basis of
staff is required to achieve the high level of
compressive and tensile strength, revolving
quality at construction sites in Pakistan.
time, water quality and preferred steel grade was
(iii) The implementation of any defined standard investigated. On the basis of this section it is
ultimately changes the culture, strategic concluded that mostly construction companies
priorities, processes and beliefs of organization. are following standards methods but it is not
the common practice of every firm.
Quality performance in all construction phases
is associated with the proper implementation of
(viii) It is found that many contractors compromised
QC management system. On the basis of results
on quality and they do not achieve standard
of this survey it is concluded that the overall
values and parameters in testing and
performance of QC activities is not so much poor
construction processes. Moreover, there is no
in Pakistan. However, there is still much required trend of inspection of materials in a few
to come in line with international practices. organizations.
(iv) The commonly used QMS standard is ISO-9000 6. RECOMMENDATIONS
and checklists are commonly used method.
However, few contractors ensure quality Following recommendations are concluded on the basis
because of the pr esen ce of cli ent s a nd of result of present study.
consultants. The use of regular quality register,
enough time and attention must be required to (i) Training is required to improve the skills and
control the quality. increase the attention of workers.
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, Volume 38, No. 1, January, 2019 [p-ISSN: 0254-7821, e-ISSN: 2413-7219]
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Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan
(ii) The department of QC under the supervision of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
quality manager is necessary to manage all QC
activities and issues. Authors are thankful to the Infrastructure Development
Authority Punjab, Government of Punjab, Pakistan, for
(iii) It is required to approve the separate budget for
providing necessary facilities to complete this study.
quality assurance. It is the responsibility of
regulatory authorities to play significant role for
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