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Refractive Indices via Hollow Prism

This document describes a physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. The student measured the angle of minimum deviation for liquids like benzaldehyde, water, and diluted sulfuric acid using a hollow glass prism and the formula for refractive index. The experimental refractive index values obtained were close to the actual known values. Precautions were taken to ensure accurate measurements such as using an angle of incidence between 35-60 degrees.

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Vishal Angadi
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137 views12 pages

Refractive Indices via Hollow Prism

This document describes a physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. The student measured the angle of minimum deviation for liquids like benzaldehyde, water, and diluted sulfuric acid using a hollow glass prism and the formula for refractive index. The experimental refractive index values obtained were close to the actual known values. Precautions were taken to ensure accurate measurements such as using an angle of incidence between 35-60 degrees.

Uploaded by

Vishal Angadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

DHARAWD

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF


VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM

SOUMYA B K
2022-23
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
DHARAWD

CERTIFICATE
This to certify that SOUMYA B K of class 12 (science) of
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA DHARWAD has
satisfactorily completed his investigatory project in biology as
prescribed by the course during the academic year 2022 –23
It is to certify that this project is up to my expectation andas
per the guidelines issued by the CBSE

………………….
Sign of examiner

…………………………….
……………………
Sign of external examiner Sign of PRINCIPAL
Project Overview

Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components
with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid


Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help


of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal


PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of


incidence.
Observation
 Benzaldehyde
[Link] a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
[Link] a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
[Link] a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and


incident ray.

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