Ekalavya Shikshan Sanstha
Polytechnic, Pune.
Micro Project
Topic : Mobile IP
Diploma in 3rd Year
Computer Technology
Semester 5th
Submitted By
Ashutosh Dudhane(309)
Sarthak Sutar(317)
Karan Kole(311)
Shreya Chawale(329)
Atharva Kamble(314)
Under the Subject:
Advance Computer Network (ACN)
EKLAVYA SHIKSHAN SANSTHA’S
POLYTECHNIC, PUNE
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this report submitted by
The students of semester-V of Diploma in COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY as
the part of micro project as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education, Mumbai, for the subject Advance Computer Network
(ACN).
Name : Ashutosh Dudhane(309)
Sarthak Sutar(317)
Karan Kole(311)
Shreya Chawale(329)
Atharva Kamble(314)
Place: ESSP, Pune
Date:
Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal
Mr.A.L. Pisal
3.0 Action Plan
Sr. Detail of Activity Plan Start Plan Finished Name of
No. Date Date Responsible
Team Member
1) Formation of Group Ashutosh
Members Dudhane
2) Introduction with team Sarthak sutar
member
3) Discussion to select Topic
4) Topic Selected Sarthak sutar
(Swing components)
5) Collecting information of Karan kole
Related Content Atharva Kamble
Shreya Chawale
6) Planning how to make Ashutosh
project Dudhane
Sarthak Sutar
7) Proposal making Ashutosh
Dudhane
8) Rough Project is shown to Sarthak Sutar
Mam & done some Karan kole
correction.
9) Project submission Ashutosh Dudhane
Sarthak Sutar
Karan kole
Atharva Kamble
4.0 Actual Resources Required
Sr. Name of Resource Specification Qty Remark
No.
1) Computer System with Computer(ryzen Processor), 01 -
Broad Specifications 8GB RAM, 500GB SSD.
2) MS Office MS Word 2021 01 -
3) Operating System Windows 11 01 -
4) Software Visual Studio Code 01 -
Mobile IP
Introduction
The Mobile IP allows for location-independent routing of IP
datagrams on the Internet. Each mobile node is identified by its
home address disregarding its current location in the Internet. While
away from its home network, a mobile node is associated with a care-
of address which identifies its current location and its home address
is associated with the local endpoint of a tunnel to its home agent.
Mobile IP specifies how a mobile node registers with its home agent
and how the home agent routes datagrams to the mobile node
through the tunnel.
Mobile IP (or MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile
device users to move from one network to another while maintaining
a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in IETF
RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in IETF RFC 4721. Mobile
IPv6, the IP mobility implementation for the next generation of
the Internet Protocol, IPv6, is described in RFC 6275.
Application
In many applications (e.g., VPN, VoIP), sudden changes in network
connectivity and IP address can cause problems. Mobile IP was
designed to support seamless and continuous Internet connectivity.
Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments
where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN
subnets. Examples of use are in roaming between overlapping wireless
systems, e.g., IP over DVB, WLAN, WiMAX and BWA.
Mobile IP is not required within cellular systems such as 3G, to provide
transparency when Internet users migrate between cellular towers, since
Mobile IP Uses
• It is not a standard of a wireless technology – But wireless
technology may extend mobility capacity of its user• Enable
computers to maintain Internet connectivity while moving from
one Internet attachment point to another
• Mobile – user's point of attachment changes dynamically and
all connections are automatically maintained despite the change
– From communication protocol perspective, it occurs in
network layer In TCP/IP, it is internet layer – Routing of
packet destined to mobile unit becomes challenging
• Nomadic - user's Internet connection is terminated each time
the user moves and a new connection is initiated when the user
dials back in – New, temporary IP address is assigned.
OPERATION OF MOBILE IP
• Mobile node is assigned to a particular network –home
network
• IP address on home network is static – home address
• Mobile node can move to another network – foreign network
• Mobile node registers with network node on foreign network –
foreign agent
• Mobile node gives care-of address to agent on home network
– home agent
Mobile IP Terminology
Based on RFC 5944 for IPv4
Terms Remarks
Mobile node A host or router that changes its point of attachment from one
network or subnetwork to another. A mobile node may change its
location without changing its IP address. It may continue to
communicate with other Internet nodes at any location using its
(constant) IP address, assuming link layer connectivity to a point
of attachment is available
Home address An IP address that is assigned for an extended period of time to a
mobile node. It remains unchanged regardless of where the node
is attached to the internet
Home agent
A router on a mobile node’s home network, which tunnels
datagram for delivery to the mobile node when it is away from
home and maintains current location information for the mobile
node
Home network
A network, possibly virtual, having a network prefix matching
that of a mobile node’s home address. Note that standard IP
routing mechanism will deliver datagrams destined to a mobile
node’s home address to the mobile node’s home network
Mobile IP Terminology
Terms Remarks
Foreign Agent A router on a mobile node’s visited network which provides
routing services to the mobile node while registered. The foreign
agent detunnels and deliver datagrams to the mobile node that
were tunneled by the mobile node’s home agent. For datagram
sent by a mobile node, the foreign agent may serve as a default
router for registered mobile nodes
Foreign network Any network other than the mobile node’s home network
Care of address The termination point of a tunnel toward a mobile node, for
datagrams forwarded to the mobile node while it is away from
home.
Correspondent A peer with which a mobile node is communicating. A
node correspondent node may either mobile or stationary
Link A facility or medium over which nodes can communicate at the
link layer. A link underlies the network layer
Node A host or a router
Tunnel The path followed by a datagram while it is encapsulated. While
it is encapsulated, a datagram is routed to knowledgeable
decapsulating agent, which decapsulates the datagram and then
correctly deliver to its ultimate destination
Mobile IP Scenari
Capabilities of Mobile IP
• Discovery – mobile node uses discovery procedure to identify
prospective home and foreign agents
• Registration – mobile node uses an authenticated registration
procedure to inform home agent of its care-of address
• Tunneling – used to forward IP datagrams from a home address to a
care-of address.
DISCOVERY
• Mobile node is responsible for ongoing discovery process – Must
determine if it is attached to its home network or a foreign network
• Transition from home network to foreign network can occur at any
time without notification to the network layer
• Mobile node listens for agent advertisement messages– Compares
network portion of the router's IP address with the network portion of
home address.
Protocal Support For Mobile IP
Agent Solicitation
• Foreign agents are expected to issue agent advertisement messages
periodically
• If a mobile node needs agent information immediately, it can issue
ICMP router solicitation message
– Any agent receiving this message will then issue an agent
advertisement.
Move Detection
• Mobile node may move from one network to another due to some
handoff mechanism without IP level being aware
– Agent discovery process is intended to enable the agent to detect
such a move
• Algorithms to detect move: – Use of lifetime field – mobile node
uses lifetime field as a timer for agent advertisements
– Use of network prefix – mobile node checks if any newly received
agent advertisement messages are on the same network as the node's
current care-of address.
Co-located Addresses
• If mobile node moves to a network that has no foreign agents, or all
foreign agents are busy, it can act as its own foreign agent
• Mobile agent uses co-located care-of address – IP address obtained
by mobile node associated with mobile node's current network
interface
• Means to acquire co-located address: – Temporary IP address
through an Internet service, such as DHCP
– May be owned by the mobile node as a long-term address for use
while visiting a given foreign network.
Registration Process
• Mobile node sends registration request to foreign agent requesting
forwarding service
• Foreign agent relays request to home agent
• Home agent accepts or denies request and sends registration reply to
foreign agent
• Foreign agent relays reply to mobile node.
Mobile IP Registration Message
Registration Operation Message
• Registration request message
– Fields = type, S, B, D, M, V, G, lifetime, home address, home agent,
care-of-address, identification, extensions
• Registration reply message
– Fields = type, code, lifetime, home address, home agent,
identification, extensions.
Registration Reply Fields
• Type – 3, indicates that this is the reply
• Code – Indicates result of the registration request
• Lifetime – The number of seconds before the registration is
considered expired
• Home Address – The home IP address of the mobile node
• Home Agent – The IP address of the mobile node’s home agent
• Identification – A 64 bit number generated by the mobile node, used
for matching registration request to registration replies
• Extension.
Registration Procedure Security
• Mobile IP designed to resist attacks
– Node pretending to be a foreign agent sends registration request to a
home agent to divert mobile node traffic to itself
– Agent replays old registration messages to cut mobile node from
network
• For message authentication, registration request and reply contain
authentication extension
– Fields = type, length, security parameter index (SPI), authenticator.
Types of Authentication Extension
• Mobile-home – provides for authentication of registration messages
between mobile node and home agent; must be present
• Mobile-foreign – may be present when a security association exists
between mobile node and foreign agent
• Foreign-home – may be present when a security association exists
between foreign agent and home agent Mob.
TUNNELING
• Home agent intercepts IP datagrams sent to mobile node's home
address
– Home agent informs other nodes on home network that datagrams
to mobile node should be delivered to home agent
• Datagrams forwarded to care-of address via tunnelling
– Datagram encapsulated in outer IP datagram.
Mobile IP Encapsulation Options
• IP-within-IP – entire IP datagram becomes payload in new IP
datagram
– Original, inner IP header unchanged except TTL decremented by 1
– Outer header is a full IP header
• Minimal encapsulation – new header is inserted between original IP
header and original IP payload
– Original IP header modified to form new outer IP header
• Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) – developed prior to
development of Mobile IP.
Mobile IP Encapsulation
❖ Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Students: Ashutosh Dudhane, Sarthak Sutar, Karan Kole, Shreya
Chawale, Atharva Kamble
Name of Program: Computer Technology Semester: 5
Course Name: Advanced Computer Network Code: 22520
Title of the Micro Project: “Mobile IP” Course
Outcome Achieved:
[Link] Characteristics to be Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
accessed (Marks (Marks (Marks (Marks Total
1-3) 4-5) 6-8) 9-10)
1. Relevance to the
course
2. Literature
Review/Information
Collection
3. Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
4. Analysis of Data and
Representation
5. Quality of the
Prototype / Model
6. Report Presentation
7. Presentation
8. Viva
(A) (B) Total Marks 10
Product Individual Presentation/Viva
Assessment
➢ Comments/ suggestions about Term work/ Leadership/ Inter-Personal
communications (If any) ……………………………………………………….........
➢ Name and signature of the Teacher…………………….
➢ Dated Signature……………………………
