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Kothari Commission: Key Facts & Recommendations

The Kothari Commission was established in 1964 to comprehensively review and reform India's education system. It was chaired by Daulat Singh Kothari and included 20 members and task forces. Over 21 months, it consulted 9,000 individuals and experts. In 1966, the Commission submitted its report with 23 recommendations to the Minister of Education, including establishing free and compulsory education up to age 14, adopting a three-language formula, improving teacher training, increasing the focus on science and math education, and aligning India's education system in the 10+2+3 pattern. Many of the Commission's recommendations informed subsequent education policies and reforms in India.

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278 views4 pages

Kothari Commission: Key Facts & Recommendations

The Kothari Commission was established in 1964 to comprehensively review and reform India's education system. It was chaired by Daulat Singh Kothari and included 20 members and task forces. Over 21 months, it consulted 9,000 individuals and experts. In 1966, the Commission submitted its report with 23 recommendations to the Minister of Education, including establishing free and compulsory education up to age 14, adopting a three-language formula, improving teacher training, increasing the focus on science and math education, and aligning India's education system in the 10+2+3 pattern. Many of the Commission's recommendations informed subsequent education policies and reforms in India.

Uploaded by

Geetanjali Chaudhari
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kothari Commission - Important Facts

The Kothari Commission was appointed by the Government of India to overhaul the Indian
Education sector. Learn more about the important facts about the Kothari Commission, its
objectives and the important recommendations submitted on 29th June 1966.

1. Kothari Commission was an ad-hoc commission setup by the Government of India.


2. Kothari Commission was formed on 14 July, 1964.
3. On 29 June 1966, Kothari Commission was dissolved.
4. It was formed under the Chairmanship Daulat Singh Kothari. He was the then chairman
of University Grants Commission (UGC).
5. Kothari Commission was the sixth commission in India, post independence but it was the
first commission mandated to comprehensively deal with the education sector of India.
6. The Kothari Commission had a Core group of 20 members.
7. The commission took consultation from a panel of 20 overseas consultants, who were
based out of the USA, UK, Japan, France, Sweden. They were experts in the education
domain.
8. There were 19 Working Groups or Task Forces in the Kothari Commission.
9. In a span of 21 months, the Commission had interviewed 9000 people who were working
as scholars, educators and scientists.
10. The Report was submitted by the Kothari Commission on 29th June 1966 to
[Link], the then minister of education.

Aspirants can find information on the structure and other important details related to the ​IAS
Exam​, in the linked article.

Kothari Commission - Important Objectives


Some of the important objectives behind setting up Kothari Commission are listed below.

1. To provide policies and guidelines for development of education in India.


2. To find and evolve a general pattern of education in India
3. To examine every aspect of Indian education sector.
4. Although the Kothari Commission was established to review the entire education sector,
two important domains were left out of its purview - they were legal education and
medical education.

Kothari Commission - 23 Recommendations


The Kothari Commission had given 23 recommendations to revamp the education system in
India. The recommendations given by Kothari Commission are listed below.
1. Defects in the existing education system
2. Aims of the education
3. Methods of teaching
4. Textbook
5. Curriculum
6. Educational structures and standards.
7. Physical welfare of students
8. Education of women
9. Guidance and counselling
10. Problems of Supervision and inspection
11. Three language formula
12. Distance Education
13. Selective Admission
14. Vocational Education
15. Education on Morals and Religion
16. University Autonomy
17. Teacher Education
18. Adult Education
19. University - Aims, Objectives and Functions
20. Administrative Problems
21. Work Experience
22. Higher Education - Enrollment
23. Evaluation

Brief Details on Important Recommendations of Kothari Commission


(1964-66)

1. Provision of Free and Compulsory Education - Recommended to provide free and


compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.
2. Languages - The Commission recommended adopting a three-language formula at state
levels. It intended to promote a language of the Southern States in Hindi speaking
states. It intended to promote Hindi, English and a regional language in non-Hindi
speaking states.
3. The Kothari Commission recommended promoting regional languages, Sanskrit as well
as international languages, preferably English.
4. The Kothari Commission recommended providing favourable and adequate service
conditions for teachers and providing them with necessary freedom to conduct and
publish those research.
5. To promote social justice, the Kothari Commission focused on girls education, education
of backward classes, education of tribal people, physically and mentally handicapped
children.
6. As Science and Maths are an integral part of the growth of any nation, Kothari
Commission recommended making Maths and Science an integral part of education.
7. The Commission recommended reforms to improve education at University level by
paying special attention to post graduate level research, training, providing adequate
libraries, laboratories and funds.

Results of Kothari Commission Recommendations

1. The education system at the national level was aligned in 10+2+3 pattern, as
recommended by the Kothari Commission.
2. One of the most important recommendations of the Kothari Commission was the
National Policy on Education. The Bill was passed in the Parliament under the
leadership of former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi.
3. It has been reported that even the National Policy on Education in 1986 (which was
formulated under the leadership of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi), was
influenced by recommendations of Kothari Commission.
4. As per recommendations of Kothari Commission, the education sector in India was
stratified into national bodies, state bodies and Central Board.

Candidates can find the general pattern of the UPSC Exams by visiting the ​UPSC Syllabus
2020​ page.

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Common questions

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The Kothari Commission recommended aligning education levels with the National Policy on Education, advocating for a systematic 10+2+3 educational structure. This alignment provided clear guidelines and standards, influencing both the immediate and future policies such as the National Policy on Education of 1986 .

The inclusion of international education experts from countries like the USA, UK, Japan, France, and Sweden allowed the Kothari Commission to incorporate diverse perspectives and global best practices into its recommendations. This broadened the scope and relevance of its proposals for reforming the Indian education system .

The Kothari Commission's recommendation significantly impacted the Indian education system by introducing the 10+2+3 pattern, which established a structured progression through school and higher education levels. This became a nationwide standard, enhancing coherence and consistency across the educational landscape .

The Kothari Commission potentially excluded legal and medical education to concentrate its comprehensive efforts on broader educational structures that affect general education, which constituted the majority of educational needs at the time. Specialization in these areas might have required separate expert reviews due to their complex and technical nature .

The Kothari Commission recommended providing favorable service conditions for teachers and granting them the necessary freedom to conduct and publish research. These measures were intended to attract and retain talented educators while fostering an environment of academic inquiry and professional growth .

The Kothari Commission prioritized making Mathematics and Science an integral part of education, recognizing the role of these subjects in national growth and technological advancement. By advocating for comprehensive science education at all levels, the Commission sought to enhance India's competitive edge in global interdisciplinary sciences .

The Kothari Commission aimed to promote social justice by focusing on education for girls, backward classes, tribal people, and physically and mentally handicapped children. The Commission also recommended favorable service conditions for teachers to enable better educational outcomes in these areas .

The Kothari Commission significantly influenced the National Policy on Education of 1986, as many of its recommendations laid the groundwork for later reforms. The 1986 Policy continued to emphasize equitable access, quality improvement, and the national integration of educational standards, mirroring the Commission’s earlier objectives .

The key objectives of the Kothari Commission were to provide policies and guidelines for the development of education in India, find and evolve a general pattern of education in India, and comprehensively examine every aspect of the Indian education sector, excluding legal and medical education .

The three-language formula proposed by the Kothari Commission recommended adopting three languages at the state level: Hindi, English, and a regional language in non-Hindi speaking states, and promoting a language of the Southern States in Hindi-speaking states. This was intended to promote linguistic diversity and integration .

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