K. D.
AMBANI RELIANCE FOUNDATION SCHOOL, RELIANCE GREENS
Session 2022-2023
Class- 11
Subject: English
Note-Making and Summarising
Notes are short written record of facts to aid the memory. Notes are usually taken to
record a speech or dictation while listening to it or after reading a book, magazine or
article. They are referred back whenever needed and may be reproduced in the
desired way.
Characteristics of good notes
• Good notes must be short and compact.
• They must contain all the important information.
• They must be presented in a logical way.
• They should be understandable when consulted at a later stage.
• Confusing abbreviations should be avoided.
Points to Remember for Note-Making:
1. Read the passage carefully.
2. Give a title to your work. The title will be based on the following considerations.
(i) What is the main idea of the passage?
(ii) Frame a title based on the main idea.
(iii) Write it in the middle of the page.
3. Give headings
(i) How has the main idea been presented and developed?
(ii) Are there two or three subordinate/associated ideas?
(iii) Frame sub-headings based on these.
4. Indenting/Numbering is essential
5. Do not write complete sentences.
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6. Abbreviations should be used and it should be within a box.
• You should not abbreviate every word.
• One abbreviation in one point is enough
• The heading should not be abbreviated
• You may use abbreviations in subheadings.
7. Writing a summary:
The summary is an abstract of the passage. Expand your heading and subheadings and
write down the ideas developed in the passage in the specified word limit. (80 words)
Sample Question :
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Flexibility and mobility are essential not only to reduce the risk of injuries but to
generally feel better. Living a nine to five desk life can be demanding on health and
wellness. Here is how you can keep the most common problems at bay.
2. Even if you are not exercising you need to make sure that you maintain correct
posture and sit at your desk in the right way. It is important that your chair is placed
correctly and your legs are not left hanging. Proper alignment ensures that your neck
and back are not strained. Exercises and abdominal crunches two to three times a
week can strengthen the core. It will help take the pressure off your back and will
make it easier to maintain good posture. Chairs with a back that support your upper
back are preferable for those who work long hours in front of screens.
3. Constant typing, writing reports, and answering e-mails can exert your wrists
leading to long-term damage. The frequency of your use and how you position your
wrists at your keyboard can be a reason. The tell-tale signs of exertion would be a
tingling sensation or numbness. One should not ignore initial signs. Make sure that
you rest your wrist at regular intervals. To relieve tension quickly fold your hands in a
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NAMASTE in front of your chest with elbows moving out and lower your hands till you
feel a good stretch in your wrists. Also rotating your fists inside and outside provides
much relief to strained wrists.
4. Since those who work on desks spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen,
they are at a risk of straining their eyes. This may also lead to dry eyes and fatigue.
Poor eyesight is the result of continued and improper exposure to screens. Keeping
the computer screen at an optimal distance helps a lot in minimising strain to eyes.
The screen shouldn’t be too close or too far. To ease eye strain, use good lighting and
make it a point to look at a distance away from your screen every twenty to thirty
minutes.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using
headings and subheadings. Use recognisable abbreviations and a format you
consider suitable. Also, supply a title to it.
(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words using the notes
made.
Health and Wellness for Desk users
1. Correct posture
1.a Place chair correctly for neck & back
1.b Don’t hang legs
1.c Excises & abdominal crunches
1.d Choose chairs with support from upper back
2. Maintaining wrist flexibility
2.a Wrong position can cause wrist damage, cause tingling
2.a.(i) do not ignore initial signs
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2.b. Relax wrists reg’ly in Namaste position & stretch
2.c Rotate wrists inside & outside.
3. Preventing eye strain
3.b Keep computer screen at an optimal distance
3.c Use good light’g
3.d Look at a distant spot every 20-30 minutes.
Key to the Abbreviations
1. & - and
2. corr’ly – correctly
2. ex’cises – exercises
3. abdom’l – abdominal
4. dmg – damage
5. reg’ly – regularly
6. light’g – lighting
(b) Summary
Desk users are at risk of losing flexibility, mobility, and wellness due to long working
hours. Good selection of office chairs and proper posture are essential for neck and
back health. Damage to the wrists can be prevented by exercising them frequently.
Eyes too are at a risk due to looking at the computer screen for long. Optimal distance
from the screen will prevent fatigue, dry eyes and poor vision. Good lighting is
essential. One should look away from the screen every 20-30 minutes
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Practice Question:
1. The epidemic of heart attacks has been attaining alarming proportion in
recent times causing grave concern especially to the medical fraternity.
2. To contain and control the increasing death and disability from heart attacks
and to focus on public awareness and their involvement at global level, the
World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Heart Federation observed
September 24th as the World Heart Day.
3. What causes heart attacks? Dr H.S. Wasir, Chief Cardiologist and Medical
Director, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre list four main habits
which adversely affect the heart health. These are lack of physical exercise,
wrong eating habits, cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and
stressful lifestyle.
4. The importance of physical exercise in minimizing the incidence of heart
attacks cannot be underestimated. “Physical exercise,” says Dr. Wasir “plays a
major role in achieving a long and healthy life in general and prevention of heart
attacks in particular.” There are several studies showing that physically active
people have higher longevity than those sedentary or physically inactive.
5. In fact, the review of modern medical literature sums up the role of physical
activity in health as ‘Regular physical exercise adds not only years to life but
also life to years. It is the experience of many modern-day physicians that some
patients of angina (chest pain or discomfort on physical or mental exertion or
after meals) do get relief with regularly done physical exercise.
6. What type of physical exercise and how much, one may ask. It is the isotonic
(dynamic) exercise that is beneficial for the heart and not the isometric (static)
exercise which should be avoided by heart patients. Weight lifting, carrying
heavy suitcases while travelling, pushing a car are some of the examples of
isometric exercises. Examples of the beneficial type of physical activity
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(dynamic exercise) are brisk walking, swimming, golf without power carts,
badminton and tennis (doubles for those with old heart attacks but fully
recovered, to be started only after physician’s advice).
7. Walking is the best mode of doing regular physical exercise which requires
no equipment, money, material or membership of a club! 30 to 60 minutes brisk
walk even on alternate day has been proven to be beneficial. Stationary cycling
or walking on a treadmill at home are the other alternatives.
8. Walking up the stairs instead of using a lift if going up to three or four floors
or getting off the lift two or three floors before the destination and walking up
the rest through stairs. Going up several floors in a overcrowded lift with limited
fresh air to be shared by so many may also prove unhealthy.
9. Park a little away from the work place and walk that healthy distance.
10. Best time for brisk walks would be the early mornings before the traffic
flow picks up and walking in the parks with thick plantation. Jogging on the
roads with heavy traffic should be avoided as you will be inhaling air polluted
with the toxins from vehicular exhaust such as dioxides of Sulphur and
Nitrogen.
11. “Before starting any physical exercise programs for the first time, one must
get fully evaluated by a cardiologist so as to avoid any harm being done by
exercise if there is serious underlying heart disease needing treatment,” warns
Dr. Wasir.
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