Use of English Part 2 Open cloze 1 Read the text about whale-watching, ignoring the gaps, and find out where the writer went and for how long. 2. For questions 1-8, read the text again and think of the word which best fits each gap. 3 Complete sentences a-h with one word. pe denn ee A SUMMER AT SEA~— Spending a summer whale watching off the coast of Patagonia is a (0)...28¢¢..... ina lifetime opportunity. We spent twelve hours on the boat every day and learned a great (1) srnmn» about the whales’ behaviour. Generally, we simply had to move a short distance from the coast, switch off the engine and wait. Younger whales were protectively | pushed (2). by their mothers, but older ones were allowed to play nearby, some even coming close (3) for us to touch them. Often the sea seemed full of whales but at other times We SAW (4) nme any at all, Sometimes we could go for days and (5) ee a single whale. One day we came upon a whale and her baby. At © . the mother would not let the baby approach us during our visits but, as time (7) ... by, she allowed him to come closer. It was truly amazing to be rewarded (8) such trust at the end of our six weeks. Spending a summer in the company of whales iS a ......0...[Link] experience. I'm afraid | know relatively about the behaviour of whales, The animals will only appear if YOU Wait .......emse COUGH. Sometimes we saw many whales but ....:......-. other Occasions, we saw none. Some of the whales were far away for me to see them clearly. Initially, the mother prevented her baby .......0.... approaching the boat. It’s wonderful that the whales began to ....00ns0ne their trust in us. The truth that no one really knows exactly how the whales communicate,ee © Health matte Reading arts multiple choice 1 Read the text about human athletic abilities and find out what happened in 1954, 1968. 1991 the 1980s. 2 For questions 1-6, read the text again and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think best fits according to the text. 1 What initial comment does Dr. Jack Wilmore make? A. There will always be limits to what the human body can achieve. B It will become more and more difficult for athletes to break records. Athletics will become one of the most popular forms of exercise. D Athletes will continue to surprise us with what they can achieve. 2. The writer mentions athletes like Bannister and Beamon in order to ‘A demonstrate the effect their determination to win had on them. B prove that even their amazing achievements can be bettered. C exemplify what athletes can achieve under stressful conditions. D demonstrate how accurately we can measure what athletes are capable of. 3. Dr. Wilmore feels that attitudes within athletics are changing because ‘A coaches have begun to realise the importance of more intensive training, B experts have begun to highlight the need for more unusual workouts. C athletes are now being given mental as well as physical training by experts. D coaches now encourage athletes to unwind between training sessions. By] units 4 According to Dr. Wilmore, how are today’s children different from years ago? ‘A. They participate in far more sports. B They begin sports at a much earlier age. C They become more proficient in their chosen sports, D They are more likely to become professional athletes. Dr. Wilmore believes that women ‘A’ have physically developed and advanced over the years. B perform equally well whether they are tall or short. C now have the same chance as boys of realising their potential Dare beginning to play sports at a much younger age than boys. ‘What conclusion does Dr. Wilmore make? ‘A We try to push the human body to its limits at our peril. B_ We must congratulate ourselves on what athletes have achieved so far. C We need to do more research into what the human body is capable of. D_ We should not prejudge what might be beyond our physical capabilities.10 » 2 4 Limits fe human body In the second millennium, one frequently asked Jquestion is: What are the limits of the human body? Is there a point at which we human beings might consider that it is physically impossible to do something? We decided to consult the experts to find out. ‘One thing we've all learned in the last 30 ‘years or so is that just about anything is humanly. possible,’ says Dr. Jack Wilmore, from Texas A&M. University and author of The Physiology of Sport ‘and Exercise, part of which examines the limits of the human body. “As the new millennium progresses, | think you'll see more records continue to fall in ‘every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. Never before have so many good athletes competed, and not just in this country, but all over the world. With more people involved and competing, records will fall and new standards will be set.’ Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three minute, 59 second mile (1.609 kilometres) in 1954. Today, sub four-minute miles are considered not to be the extraordinary achievements they were deemed to be in the 1950s but mere routine, even in high school. In addition to this, Bob Beamon stretched human performance in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.9027 metres. In an event in which a record is usually broken by mere inches, he shattered the previous jump by 0.6096 metres, but even his record was broken in 1991. ‘We've all seen reports of people doing superhuman feats of strength under duress, such 35 a man lifting a car off a child,’ Wilmore adds. ‘So we know that the human body can do things that go far beyond normal activity. That's why it’s foolish to say any record can’t be broken. Who's to say it won't happen?” The reasons for this astonishing change in the ability of human beings to achieve bigger and better results from improved stamina are many and varied, as well as being somewhat controversial. Are we simply growing stronger and becoming healthier, or is there a more ‘complicated explanation for what seems to be happening to the human race? One additional = so factor which is just now becoming more understood and heavily emphasised is known as sports psychology. What it seems to prove is that getting inside the athlete’s head can be as effective as training and long workouts, which in ss the past were considered to be the only way of improving performance and pushing the human body to its limits. ‘According to Wilmore, the psychological aspect of sports should not be ignored or discounted «@ because we now know that it is what makes the athlete tick mentally that can be all-important. He points out that ‘most professional teams have id sports psychologists for their players. It’s just another way of tapping into a human’s full ¢s potential.” “In addition, every aspect of athletics - training, nutrition, injury treatment — is far better than it's ever been. Better coaching, training techniques, equipment and other factors all contribute 70 to make today's athlete more competitive than ever,’ he believes. ‘Children today tend to specialize in one or two sports instead of competing in several as was common twenty-five years ago,’ Wilmore says. ‘That means they start 75 concentrating on a sport much earlier and more intensely, and they become much better at it.” But what about the difference between the performance of men and that of women? Is there any reason why men should be expected 20 to perform better or is it possible for both sexes to achieve the same results? Wilmore says that the chances of women achieving new heights in athletics could be greater than men, as more women are now involved in sports than at any a5 other time and they are starting at about the same age as boys, meaning they are more skilled than the previous generation of girls. ‘Plus, women are taller and stronger than ever. It used to be rare to see a girl who towered above you. 90 Now it seems like you see them every day.” ‘There's a lot we don’t know yet about the human body,’ he adds. ‘And one of those things is the full range of human potential. It can be foolish to try and put limits on what the human 95 body can do.” Who knows to nt humans might vet improv sady staggering ments S— Unit 5.Vocabulary The body 1 Circle the word in italics to complete the expressions in a-h. a Could you give Sally a hand/foot/arm with sorting out the filing system tomorrow? b_ We're going out to dinner with the Browns tonight. I suppose we'll have to hand/finger/ foot the bill as usual. Initially, it can be difficult to get your head/ brain/mind round advanced economics. d What's the name of that hotel we stayed in last year? It’s on the point/end/tip of my tongue. € Bob really put his toes/foot/ankle in it when he moaned about his boss to Julia. She is his niece! {It’s far too wet to go for a walk. Why don’t we shoulder/arm/head for that café instead? g Rob's just bought a hand-made Italian suit but it cost an arm and a leg/hand/finger. h I'm fed up with working my fingers/hands/ urists to the bone. It’s time 1 found a job with shorter hours or a better salary. 2 Complete these sentences using suitable expressions from 1. a When we missed the bus, we decided to «the taxi rank instead, b_ Do you remember the name of that island we visited a few years ago? It's. Jake's a bright student but he just can’t seem to soseseeeee Maths at all, Does it really Can anyone... are so heavy. {Just for once, can you try MOt t0 serene DY saying the wrong thing to Aunty Mary? g Tm certainly not going tO... for you to have another free holiday with your friends! h I’ve been recently - I'm trying to meet a tight deadii to fly to Australia? lifting these boxes? They BD units Word formation 3. Use a dictionary to help you fill in the nouns in the table below. More than one answer might be possible. Verb Noun (person) | Noun (thing) survive perform — | terrorise coordinate immigrate defend coach achieve wae aces 4 Use the correct form of the words from 3 to ‘complete sentences a-h. Afternoon ......n... of the play begin at 2.30. Latecomers will not be admitted. b vs t0 the USA must complete all appropriate forms before entering the country, ¢ The government has brought in strict new legislation to combat the threat of , Throughout her life, Maria was a strong and active of women’s rights. e After the fire on the ocean-liner,... picked up by a passing cargo ship. { To be atop tennis player, you need to have excellent hand-eye 2 g Amongst his many... the President ‘managed to maintain economic stability. h_ Rail passengers will be transferred to waiting .». 0 complete the rest of their journey were by road, 5 Look up compete in a dictionary. Scan through the words that derive from it to find: a words that collocate with the noun (person and thing) forms. the different meanings of the adjective form.Grammar Direct speech 1 Read an interview with a famous explorer, Alan Bent. Then rewrite what he said into indirect speech using the verbs in brackets at the end of sentences 1-8. Example I'met up with famous explorer Alan Bent and asked him how difficult it is to be an explorer. He said it of the bed (4 explain). And it was bitten by a snake once Oh, and | always carry an medical kit, which contains to see what it’s like )? But make sure you keep Grammar Extra Prefixes 2 Underline the word in each group which cannot be used with prefixes ag, a un _reasonable/steady/productive/considerate b in natural/comprehensible/competent/credible c im — mature/correct/precise/practical dis organised/compatible/connected/honest € mis _treated/understood/known/pronounced { non- suitable/violent/fiction/existent g il flammable/legal/legible/logical Complete sentences a-i with a word from 2. aa --~ protest against tougher laws for asylum-seekers on university fees took place in the city yesterday. b_ 1 fear the plans for dealing with traffic congestion might tum out to be rather. ¢ While most members of the staff are extremely. good at their job, one or two are rather ‘We don’t have a phone any longer - the line was. . by the phone company. ‘The writing on this prescription is completely i can't make out a single word. ‘Unwanted pets can often be neglected or even one BY thei owners. Bill has been rather he fell off his bike. h What you are asking me to do is totally It wouldn't be fair to expect anyone to do something as difficult as this. i Idon’t read many novels. I prefer reading 0M his feet sinceListening Part 1 Multiple choice 1 Think of five ways schools or parents can encourage children to adopt healthier lifestyles. © Read questions 1-6 below before you listen to the three different extracts. Then listen and choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best. You hear part of an interview with an actress called Mary Taylor Ward. 1. Why did Mary release her fitness video? ‘A Many famous people had also done this. B It would help her lose weight. She had a lot of relevant experience. 2. She wanted people to watch the video in order to ‘A. challenge their own fitness goals. B have a good time while exercising, CC _leam about another side of her life. You hear part of an interview with a health expert talking about what to do at lunchtimes. 3 Why does the expert suggest a walk at lunchtimes? A to benefit from air and sunshine B_ to develop an appetite for lunch to aid recovery from health problems 4 What does the expert advise people to do in bad weather? A Read interesting magazines or books. B Take part in indoor exercise. C Do puzzles or something simiar. ‘You hear two people on a radio programme talking about a recent campaign for healthy school dinners. 5 What do the speakers agree about? A Cafeterias are more busy. B Children should eat healthily C Other menus should be considered 6 The man thinks that the campaign failed because A the change was too sudden. B school cooks had to be retrained. C children naturally want to eat junk food.Use of English Part 3 Word formation ‘1 Read the text below quickly and decide which summary, a or b, is the most suitable. ‘a A short workout is better than no workout. b_ A short workout is better than a long workout. 2. For questions 1-8, read the text again and use the words given in capitals to form a word for each gap. 3 Fill in the missing parts of speech in the table below. Verb Noun Adjective Adverbs enthuse reduce encourage achieve ‘increase signify occur criticise pm -ae aoe Write the words in brackets in the correct form in ae. a Wait until you've heard both sides of the (argue) before making a (judge). b. Today’s front page story contains........... (drama) (reveal) about the travel industry. The storyline is very .. (romance) and the book is (exception) well written. 5. Look up the words not used in 4 in a dictionary. Write sentences to show at least two different ‘meanings or uses of the words.El a as Gi = Would you believe it? = ™ Reading Part 8 Multiple matching 1 Read the text about superheroes. How does the writer ultimately feel about the characters in the films? + inspired + disappointed * angry 2 in which section (A-F) of the text are 1-10 mentioned? The sections may be chosen more than once. ‘an assault on an innocent person 1 a seemingly endless collection of costumes 3 a box-office hit for superheroes 4 a heroine frightened of beginning relationships with men_ S 6... a summary of the drawbacks of being a superhero Cie a secret and harmful invention that is uncovered 8 a heroine who seems to detest herself 9 a search for something which causes global suffering 1 CAN GIRLS BE. SUPERHER Batman is still high up in the charts, having earned $200m. Superman is back. We are held hostage by larger- than-life male superheroes. If little s boys have these figures, who can little girls admire? | head off in search of ‘an inspirational female superhero and buy four films young people might hhave watched over the last few years: 1 Catwoman, Elektra, Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life and Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle,