Key:

Feminine
Masculine
Neuter

Unit 1:
1st Declension

Mostly feminine words

Model word: vena, ae (f) -> vein
Sg. Pl.
Nom. vena venae
Gen. venae venarum
Acc. venam venas
Abl. vena venis

Exceptions:
Antagonista, ae (m) -> antagonist
Dentista, ae (m) -> dentist

Example using a loose attribute (meaning the second noun is in genitive)

Glandula linguae -> gland of tongue
Sg. Pl.
Nom. Glandula linguae Glandulae linguae
Gen. Glandulae linguae Glandularum linguae
Acc. Glandulam linguae Glandulas linguae
Abl. Glandula linguae Glandulis linguae

Greek Nouns of 1st Declension

Includes (Greek) feminine nouns ending in “e” and (Greek) masculine nouns ending in “es”.
Model words: raphe, es (f) -> suture // diabetes, ae (m) -> diabetes

Raphe, es (f) -> suture

Sg. Pl.
Nom. Raphe Raphae
Gen. Raphes Rapharum
Acc. Raphen Raphas
Abl. Raphe Raphis

Diabetes, ae (m) -> diabetes

Sg. Pl.
Nom. Diabetes na.
Gen. Diabetae na.
Acc. Diabeten/am na.
Abl. Daibete/a na.
Adjectives
Agree with the noun they modify in gender number and case.
Their endings in the first declension are generally as follows:

Feminine: a
Masculine: us/er
Neuter: um

Adjectives of the 1st Declension

Model: spina palatina -> palatal spine
Sg. Pl.
Nom. Spina palatina Spinae palatinae
Gen. Spinae palatinae Spinarum palatinarum
Acc. Spinam palatinam Spinas palatinas
Abl. Spina palatina Spinis palatinis

Greek nouns can be combines with latin adjectives: acne allergica -> allergic acne

Vocabulary Related to Unit 1 (1st Declension)

Nouns:
Feminine:
anatomia, ae (f) -> anatomy
aorta, ae (f) -> aorta
apertura, ae (f) -> aperture/opening
aqua, ae (f) -> water
arteria, ae (f) -> artery
costa, ae (f) -> rib
coxa, ae (f) -> hip bone
diarrhoa, ae (f) -> diarrhea
fascia, ae (f) à fascia
fibula, ae (f) à fibula
fissura, ae (f) à fissure or cleft
fractura, ae (f) à fracture
glandula, ae (f) à gland
incisura, ae (f) à incisure
insufficientia, ae (f) à insufficiency
lingua, ae (f) à tongue
mandibula, ae (f) à mandible
massa, ae (f) à mass
maxilla, ae (f) à maxilla/jaw
medulla, ae (f) à medulla // medulla oblongata à prolongation of spinal cord
mentha, ae (f) à mint
orbita, ae (f) à orbit
palpebra, ae (f) à eyelid
pilula, ae (f) à pill
plica, ae (f) à plica/fold
pneumonia, ae (f) à pneumonia
rima, ae (f) à slit/fissure
ruptura, ae (f) à rupture
scapula, ae (f) à scapula
scatula, ae (f) à box
spina, ae (f) à spine
substantia, ae (f) à substance
sutura, ae (f) à suture/surgical stitch
tonsilla, ae (f) à tonsil
tunica, ae (f) à mebrane/tunica/layer/tunic coat // tunica mucosa à mucose membrane
ulna, ae (f) à ulna/elbow bone
vagina, ae (f) à vagina/sheath
valvula, ae (f) à valvule
vena, ae (f) à vein
vertebra, ae (f) à vertebra
vesica, ae (f) à bladder // vesica fellea à gall bladder // vesica urinaria à urinary bladder

Masculine (*Exceptions):
antagonista, ae (m) -> antagonist
dentista, ae (m) -> dentist

Greek:
acne, es (f) -> acne
ascites, ae (m) -> ascites (abdominal dropsy)
diabetes, ae (m) -> diabetes
diarrhoe, es (f) -> diarrhea
diastole, es (f) à diastole
raphe, es (f) à raphe/suture
systole, es (f) à systole

Adjectives:
acutus, a, um -> acute/sudden
albus, a, um -> white
allergicus, a, um -> allergic
apertus, a, um -> open
arcuatus, a, um -> arch-shaped
cavus, a, um -> hollow
clausus, a, um -> closed
complicatus, a, um -> complicated
congenitus, a, um -> congenital/inborn
destillatus, a, um -> distilled
dexter, dextra, dextrum à right (side)
epidemicus, a, um à epidemic
externus, a, um à external
gastricus, a, um à gastric
induratus, a, um à firm/hard
internus, a, um à internal
latus, a, um à wide
niger, nigra, nigrum à black
palatinus, a, um à palatal
profundus, a, um à deep
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum à left (side)
spurius, a, um à false
systemicus, a, um à systemic
thoracicus, a, um à thoracic
thyroideus, a, um à thyroid
transversus, a, um à transversal
urinarius, a, um à urinary
valgus, a, um à displaced inwards
varus, a, um à displaced outwards
verus, a, um à true

Other words:
ad (acc.) à in, into
et à and
in (acc. & abl.) à 1. in into/onto (acc.) 2. in inside/on (abl.)
post (acc.) à after
Unit 2:
2nd Declension

This declension applies to most masculine and neuter nouns.

Masculine
Model Word: musculus, i (m) à muscle
Sg. Pl.
Nom. musculus musculi
Gen. musculi musculorum
Acc. musculum musculos
Abl. musculo musculis

Greek Masculine Nouns: end in “os” change their ending into the latin “us” and are declined
like musculus.
E.g. bronchos à bronchus, i (m) à bronchus

Exceptions: nouns (in nom. sg.) ending in “er” are decline like musculus but the “e” is
omitted.
E.g. cancer, cancri (m) à cancer

Gender Exceptions:
methodus, I (f) à method
diameter, tri (f) à diameter

Neuter
Model Word: ligamentum, i (n) à ligament
Sg. Pl.
Nom. ligamentum ligamenta
Gen. ligamenti ligamnetorum
Acc. ligamentum ligamenta
Abl. ligamento ligamentis

Greek Neuter Nouns: preserve their original “on” ending in nominative singular but for the
rest are declined like ligamentum.
E.g. colon, i (n) à colon
encephalon, i (n) à brain
olecranon, i (n) à olecranon
acromion, i (n) à acromion
ganglion, i (n) à ganglion
skeleton, i (n) à skeleton

Adjectives of 2nd Declension

Adjectives of the second declension ending in “us” or “er” are masculine and “um” are
neuter. They are declined like the nouns of the declension.
Masculine: nucleus ruber à red kernel
Sg. Pl.
Nom. nucleus ruber nuclei rubri
Gen. nuclei rubri nucleorum rubrorum
Acc. nucleum rubrum nucleos rubros
Abl. nucleo rubro nucleis rubris

Neuter: ganglion thoracicum à chest ganglion

Sg. Pl.
Nom. ganglion thoracicum ganglia thoracica
Gen. gangli thoracici gangliorum thoracicorum
Acc. ganglion thoracicum ganglia thoracica
Abl. ganglio thoracico ganglis thoracicis

Vocabulary

Acromion, i, (n) à acromion, acromial process/spine of the scapula

Acquisitus, a , um à acquired
Adultus, i, (m) à adult
Allergia, ae, (f) à allergy
Amygdala, ae, (f) à 1. Tonsil
2. Almond
Anatomicus, a, um à anatomical
Angulus, I, (m) à angle
Anomalia, ae, (f) à anomaly, defect
Atrium, I, (n) à atrium, the upper chamber in the heart
Bronchus, I, (m) à bronchus
Bulbus, I, (m) à ball
Canaliculus, I, (m) à canaliculus, small canal
Cancer, cri, (m) à cancer
Cerebrum, I, (n) à brain
Chirurgicus, a, um à surgical
Chronicus, a, um à chronic
Colon, I, (n) à colon, large intestine segment
Collum, I, (n) à 1. Neck
2. cervix
Cranium, I, (n) à cranium, skull
Diameter, tri, (f) à diameter
Digitus, I, (m) à finger, digit
Diphteria, ae, (f) à diphteria, children’s infectious disease
Dorsum, I, (n) à back
Durus, a, um à hard
Encephalon, I, (m) à brain
Fossa, ae, (f) à fossa, hole
Fundus, I, (m) à bottom, base of a hollow organ
Ganglion, I, (n) à ganglion, cluster of neuron cell bodies
Gangraena, ae, (f) à gangrene, a type of necrosis caused by a critically insufficient blood
supply
haemorrhagia, ae, (f) à haemorrhage, bleeding
humerus, I, (m) à humerus, the bone of the upper arm
interosseus, a, um à interosseous, lying between bones
ligamentum, I, (n) à ligament, fibrous band
longus, a, um à long
lympha, ae. (f) à lymph
lymphocytus , I, (m) à lymphocyte
magnus, a, um à big, large
medianus, a, um à median, situated in the median plane
mellitus, a, um à mellifluous, sugary
diabetes mellitus à diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia
membrum, I, à extremity limb
methodus, I, (f) à method
morbilli, orum, (m) à morbilli, measels (disease)
morbus, I, (m) à disease
musculus, I, (m) à muscle
nasus, I, (m) à nose
neonatus, I, (m) à neonate, newborn
nervus, I, (m) à nerve
nodus, I, (m) à node
nucleus, I, (m) à nucleus, kernel
obliquus, a, um à oblique, diagonal
oculus, i, (m) à eye
olecranon, I, (n) à olecranon, tip of the elbow bone
oleum, I, (n) à oil
ovarium, ii, (n) à ovary
palatum, I, (n) à palate
parvus, a, um à small
per (Acc) à through
pro (Abl) à for
quartus, a, um à the fourth
radius, I, (m) à radius, one of two bones of the forearm
ramus, I, (m) à branch (of a nerve or vessel)
rectum, I, (n) à rectum, the lower part of the. Large intestine
ruber, rubra, rubrum à red
signum, I, (n) à sign
skeleton, I, (n) à skeleton
spasmus, I, (n) à spasm
sub (Acc., Abl.) à under, prep
sulcus, I, (m) à groove, furrow
suppositorium, I, (n) à suppository
trochlea, ae, (f) à throchlea, pulley
tuberculum, I, (m) à tubercle, small protuberance
uterus, I, (n) à uterus, womb
venenum, I, (n) à poison, venom
ventriculus, I, (m) à 1. (anat.) ventricle, chamber
2- (clin.) stomach
Vestibulum, I, (n) à vestibule, hall
Vitrum, I, (n) à bottle

Unit 3:
3rd Latin Consonant-Declension
Includes nouns of all three genders of which genitive singular ends in “is”. The declension is
divided into the consonant-declension and into the vowel-declension.
For the third declension nominative singular case does not present a standard ending.
Consonant Declension
Masculine and Feminine Nouns (they are declined the same)
Model Word: cartilago, inis (f) --> cartilage
Sg. Pl.
Nom. cartilago cartilagines
Gen. cartilaginis cartilaginum
Acc. cartilaginem cartilagines
Abl. cartilagine cartilaginibus

Nouns of the 3rd Declension with Adjectives of the 1st and 2nd Declension
pes planus --> flat foot
Sg. Pl.
Nom. pes planus pedes plani
Gen. pedis plani pedum planorum
Acc. pedem planum pedes planos
Abl. pede plano pedibus planis

Neuter Nouns
Model Word: corpus, oris (n) --> body
Sg. Pl.
Nom. corpus corpora
Gen. corporis corporum
Acc. corpus corpora
Abl. corpore corporibus

Medical Terms belonging to this declension (NOT to be confused with masculine second
declension!)
corpus, oris (n) --> body
crus, cruris (n) --> lower leg
latus, lateris (n) --> side
pectus, oris (n) --> chest
pus, puris (n) --> pus
ulcus, ulceris (n) --> ulcer
vulnus, vulneris (n) --> wound
viscera, um, (n) (pl.) --> viscera
tempora, um (n) (pl.) --> temples

Neuters of 3rd Declension can also be combines with the adjectives of the 2nd declension:
E.g.
vulnus punctum --> stab wound
corpus rubrum --> red body
latus dextrum --> right side
caput obliquum --> oblique head
foramen nervosum --> nervous opening

Model declension: foramen nervosum

 Sg. Pl.
Nom. foramen nervosum foramina nervosa
Gen. foraminis nervosi foraminum nervosorum
Acc. foramen nervosum foramina nervosa
Abl. foramine nervoso foraminibus nervosis

Exception:
vas, vasis (n) --> vessel belong to the 3rd declension in sg. but in pl. to the 2nd declension. The
term os, ossis (n) --> bone ends in Gen. pl. in -ium.

Terms used to denote side

Lateris dextri (L. dx.) --> in the right (side)
Lateris sinistri (L. sin.) --> in the left (side)
Lateris utriusque (L. utr.) --> in both (sides)

Abbreviations are used in clinical terminology.

However, in Anatomical Terminology noun + adjetival attribute e.g. scapula dextra, femur
dextrum

Anatomical Terms Clinical Terms

Ulna dextra Fractura ulnae lateris dextri
Oculus dexter Corpus alienum oculi lateris dextri
Femur sinistrum Operatio femoris lateris sinistri

Used to express the diagnosis concerning:

1. Paired organs where the genitive form of Latus (lateris) is not translated into
english.
E.g. fractura scapulae l. dx --> fracture of right scapula
amputatio mammae l. sin. --> amputation of the left breast
vulnera contusa femoris l. utr. --> bruised wounds in both thighs.
(!!!) In the case that both paired organs are affected (l. utr.) the term denoting the
organ in question is always used in its genitive singular form.
2. Parts of the body, which are not in a pair (abdomen, neck, chest back), in this case
the term latus, eris (n) and is translated into English as side.
E.g. dolores dorsi l. sin. --> pains in left side of back
contusiones thoracis l. utr. --> contusions/bruises in both sides of chest

Vocabulary:

Nouns:

Masculine:
abductor, oris (m) --> abductor
adductor, oris (m) --> adductor
anus, i (m) --> anus (2nd masculine declension)
apex, icis (m) --> apex
calcaneus, i (m) --> heel bone (2nd masculine declension)
cortex, icis (m) --> cortex/outer portion
dolor, oris (m) --> pain
extensor, oris (m) --> extensor
hallux, cis (m) --> hallux/great toe
larynx, gis (m) --> larynx
oesophagus, i (m) --> esophagus (2nd declension masculine)
pes, pedis (m) --> foot
pharynx, gis (m) --> pharynx
pollex, icis (m) --> thumb
pulmo, onis (m) --> lung
pulvis, eris (m) --> powder
ren, renis (m) --> kidney
tendo, inis (m) --> tendon
thorax, acis (m) --> thorax

Feminine:
amputatio, onis (f) --> amputation
cartilago, inis (f) --> cartilage
cavitas, atis (f) --> cavity/hollow
cervix, icis (f) -->neck/cervix
china, ae (f) --> quina (1st declension)
conutusio, contusionis (f) --> contusion
dislocatio, onis (f) --> dislocation
fovea, ae (f) --> fovea/small hollow/pit (1st declension)
functio, onis (f) --> function
laesio, onis (f) --> lesion
longitudo, inis (f) --> longitude
mamma, ae (f) --> breast (1st declension)
operatio, onis (f) --> operation
radix, icis (f) --> root
regio, onis (f) --> region
tuba, ae (f) --> tube // tuba auditiva (auditory tube)
tumor, oris (m) --> tumour

Neuter:
abdomen, inis (n) --> abdomen
caput, capitis (n) --> head
cor, cordis (n) --> heart
corpus, oris (n) --> body
crus, cruris (n) --> lower leg/anatomical structure resembling leg
femur, oris (n) --> femur/thigh bone
foramen, inis (n) --> opening/aperture
hepar, atis (n) --> liver
latus, eris (n) --> side
organum, i (n) --> organ (2nd declension neuter)
os, oris (n) --> mouth
os, ossis (n) --> bone
pectus, oris (n) --> chest
pus, puris (n) --> pus
septum, i (n) --> septum
tempora, um (n) --> temples
tuber, eris (n) --> tuber/protuberance
ulcus, eris (n) --> ulcer
vas, is (n) --> vessel
viscera, um (n) --> viscera/internal organs of abdominal cavity
vitium, ii (n) --> defect
vulnus, eris (n) --> wound

Adjectives:
adiposus, a, um --> adipose
alienus, a, um --> alien/strange
benignus, a, um --> benign
calcaneus, a, um --> heel
compositus, a, um --> composed
contusus, a, um --> bruised
femininus, a, um --> feminine
lacer, a, um --> torn/lacerated
laesus, a, um --> injured/damaged
malignus, a, um --> malignant
masculinus, a, um --> masculine
medius, a, um --> middle
nervosus, a, um --> nervous
nutricius, a, um --> nourishing/nutritious
planus, a, um --> flat
postoperativus, a, um --> postoperative
primarius, a, um --> primary
punctus, a, um --> stabbed
scissus, a, um --> cleft/separated by cutting
sectus, a, um --> cut
secundarius, a, um --> secondary

Unit 4:
3rd Latin Vowel-Declension

Masculine and Feminine Nouns

 Includes nouns which have the same number of syllables in Nominative and Genitive
sg. (the so-called parisyllables) e.g. auris, auris (f) --> ear, pelvis, pelvis (f) --> pelvis
cutis, cutis (f) --> skin, canalis, canalis (m) --> channel duct.
And it includes nouns that end in -s preceded by a consonant in Nominative sg., e.g.
dens, dentis, (m) --> tooth, pars, partis (f) --> part, mors, mortis, (f) --> death

Model Word: auris, auris (f) --> ear

Sg. Pl.
Nom. auris aures
Gen. auris aurium
Acc. aurem aures
Abl. aure auribus

Special Declension
Some feminine words (of the parasyllable types) have the sufix “im” instead of “em”
in Accusative singular and “i” instead of “e” in ablative singular. They are the
following:
febris, is (f) --> fever
tussis, is (f) --> cough
pertussis, is (f) --> whooping cough
sitis, is (f) --> thirst
tuberculosis, is (f) --> tuberculosis (T.B.)

Model Word: febris, is (f) --> fever

Sg. Pl.
Nom. febris febres
Gen. febris febrium
Acc. febrim febres
Abl. febri febribus

Neuter Nouns

Nouns ended in “e”, “el“ and ”ar” are neuters. There are only a few medical terms
for this declension such as rete, is (n) --> network, animal, is (n) --> animal or calcar,
is (n) --> spur/spurlike process.

Model Word: rete, is (n) --> network

Sg. Pl.
Nom. rete retia
Gen. retis retium
Acc. rete retia
Abl. reti retibus
Nouns of the 3 Vowel Declension + Adjectives of 1st and 2nd Declensions
rd

Model Declension: rete venosum --> venous network

 Sg. Pl.
Nom. rete venosum retia venosa
Gen. retis venosi retium venosorum
Acc. rete venosum retia venosa
Abl. reti venosa retibus venosis

Vocabulary:

Masculine:
canalis, is (m) --> channel/duct
dens, tis (m) --> tooth // dens caninus (canine tooth), dens deciduus (deciduous tooth), dens
incisivus (incisor tooth)
pons, tis (m) --> bridge
unguis, is (m) --> nail

Feminine:
ars, tis (f) --> art/science
auris, is (f) --> ear
causa, ae (f) --> cause (1st declension)
cutis, is (f) --> skin
extractio, onis (f) --> extraction
febris, is (f) --> fever
fauces, ium (f) --> throat
injectio, onis (f) --> injection
lex, legis (f) --> law // lege (accotding to the law)
luxatio, onis (f) --> luxation dislocation
mater, tris (f) --> mother/envelope/delicate membrane // dura mater (hard membrane), pia
mater (delicate membrane)
mors, tis (f) --> death // mors in tabula (death on the operation table)
pars, tis (f) --> part
pelvis, is (f) --> pelvis
pertussis, is (f) --> whooping cough
restitutio, onis (f) --> restitution/recovery //restitutio ad integrum (full recovery)
sectio, onis (f) --> section (act of cuttin/segment or part of an organ)
sitis, is, (f) --> thirst
tabula, ae (f) --> table (1st declension)
tuberculosis, is (f) --> tuberculosis // tuberculosis suspecta (suspection of tuberculosis)
tussis, is (f) --> cough

Neuter:
calcar, aris (n) --> spur/spurlike process
carebellum, i (n) --> cerebellum
ostium, ii (n) --> orifice
pancreas, tis (n) --> pancreas
rete, is (n) --> network
Adjectives:
accesorius, a, um --> accesory
completus, a, um --> complete
deciduus, a, um --> decious/milk (teeth)
flavus, a, um --> yellow
humidus, a, um --> humid
incompletus, a, um --> incomplete
osseus, a, um --> osseus/bony
pius, a, um --> pious/delcicate
propis, a, um --> proper
rheumaticus, a, um --> rhemutic
sacer, sacra, sacrum --> holy/sacred // os sacrum (sacral bone)
siccus, a, um --> dry
subcutaneus, a, um --> subcutaneous
suspectus, a, um --> suspected
venosus, a, um --> venous

Other words:
ante (acc) --> before
Unit 5:
4th and 5th Declensions

4th Declension

Masculine Nouns

Model Word: processus, us (m)

Sg. Pl.
Nom. processus processus
Gen. processus processuum
Acc. processum processus
Abl. processu processibus

Exceptions to this declension include several feminine words such as manus, us (f) --> hand,
acus, us (f) --> needle or quercus, us (f) --> oak tree

Neuter Nouns

Model Word: genu, us, (n) --> knee

Sg. Pl.
Nom. genu genua
Gen. genus genuum
Acc. genu genua
Abl. genu genibus

Only two medical terms belonging to this declension: genu, us (n) --> knee and cornu, us (n)
-->horn/hornlike structure

5th Declension

Model Word: facies, ei (f) --> face/surface

Sg. Pl.
Nom. facies facies
Gen. faciei facierum
Acc. faciem facies
Abl. facie faciebus

5th declension nouns are feminies with the exception of dies, ei (m) --> a day.
Term species, ei (f) is used only in plural in pharmacology e.g. species, erum.
Nouns of the 4th and 5th Declension with Adjectives of 1st and 2nd Declension

4th Declension Masculine

Model Declension: processus transversum --> transverse process
Sg. Pl.
Nom. processus transversus processus transversi
Gen. processus transversi processum transversorum
Acc. processum transversum processus transversos
Abl. processu transverso processibus transversis

4th Declension Neuter

Model declension: genu varum --> knee bent outward
Sg. Pl.
Nom. genu varum genua vara
Gen. genus vari genuum varorum
Acc. genu varum genua vara
Abl. genu varo genibus varis

5th Declension
Model Declension: caries profunda
Sg. Pl.
Nom. caries profunda caries profundae
Gen. cariei profundae carierum profundarum
Acc. cariem profundam caries profundas
Abl. carie profunda cariebus profundis

Vocabulary

Abortus, us, (m) à abortion

Abortus in cursu à ongoing abortion
Abortus spontaneous à miscarriage
Abscessus, us, (f) à abscess, a circumscribed collection of pus
Acus, us, (f) à needle
Aditus, us, (m) à entrance
Arcus, us, (m) à arch, archlike structure
Aromaticus, a, um à aromatic
Articulatio, onis, (f) à articulation, joint
Auditus, us, (m) à hearing, the sense of hearing
Caecum, I, (n) à cecum, initial segment of the large intestine below the opening of the
ileum
Caries, ei, (f) à caries, decay, especially dental caries
Circulatorius, a, um à circulatory
Collapsus, us, (m) à collapse, breakdown
Cornu, us, (n) à horn, hornlike structure
Cursus, us, (m) à course
Decubitus, us, (m) à decubitus, bedsore, decubitus ulcer
Dies, ei, (m) à day
Ductus, us, (m) à duct, canal
Ductus choledochus à biliary duct
Ductus lymphaticus à lymphatic duct
Endocrinus, a, um à endocrine, with inner secretion
Facies, ei, (f) à 1. Face
2. surface
Fibrosus, a, um à fibrous, made up of fibers
Genu, us, (n) à knee
Gustus, us, (m) à sense of taste gustation
Hippocraticus, a, um à Hippocratic, concerning Hippocrates
Infarctus, us, (m) à infarction, heart attack
Infectio, onis, (f) à infection
Lamina, ae, (f) à lamina, disc; a thin plate or flat layer
Manus, us, (f) à hand
Mastoideus, a, um à mastoid, breast shaped
Meatus, us, (m) à meatus, passage channel
Meatus acusticus à acoustic meatus, auditory meatus
Medicus, I, (m) à physician, doctor
Morbillosus, a, um à related to measels
Myocardium, I, (n) à myocardium, the middle layer of the cardiac wall
Oculomotorius, a, um à oculomotor, belonging to ocular movements
Olfactus, us, (m) à olfaction, the sense of smell
Opticus, a, um à optic (al), relating to the eye, vision, or optics
Ossiculum, I, (n) à ossicle, a small bone
Partus, us, (m) à labour, delivery
Perforatus, a, um à perforated, ruptured
Pericardium, I, (n) à pericardium, the membrane around the heart
Plexus, us, (m) à plexus, network of nerves / blood vessels
Praematurus, a, um à premature, before achieving full development
Processus, us, (m) à process, projection or outgrowth
Prolapsus, us, (m) à prolapse, a falling down of an organ
Quercus, us, (f) à oak tree
Sensus, us, (m) à sense
Siccus, a, um à dry

Sinus, us, (m) à 1. Channel for the passage of blood or lymph, which has not the coats of an
ordinary vessel
2. hollow in a bone (paranasal sinus) tea mixture (herbal blend)
Species, erum, (f) à tea mixture (herbal blend)
Spontaneus, a, um à spontaneous
Status, us, (m) à state,condition
Structura, ae, (f) à structure, composition
Styloideus, a, um à styloid, peg-shaped
Tractus, us, (m) à tract, path, way
Urologicus, a, um à urologic
Usus, us, (m) à use
Uterinus, a, um à uterine
Tuba uterine à uterine tube
Visus, us, (m) à vision, sight, the sense of vision

Unit 6:
3rd Declension for Greek Nouns

Includes nouns of greek origin. Some are declined like the latin nouns, some have preserved
their original ending. The greek knowns of the third declension are divided into consonant
and vowel declension aswell.

Consonant Declension Masculines

Model Word: ureter, eris (m) --> ureter
Sg. Pl.
Nom. ureter ureteres
Gen. ureteris ureterum
Acc. ureterem ureteres
Abl. uretere ureteribus

Consonant Declension Feminines

Model Word: carotis, carotidis (f) --> carotid artery
 Sg. Pl.
Nom. carotis carotides
Gen. carotidis carotidum
Acc. carotidem carotides
Abl. carotide carotidibus

Includes also terms with the suffic “itis” gen “itidis” denoting inflamatory disease of an
organ e.g. hepatitis, hepatitidis (f) --> hepatitis

Terms denoting inflamation of ... are only used in singular.

Model Declension: hepatitis maligna --> malignant hepatitis
Sg. Pl.
Nom. hepatitis maligna x
Gen. hepatitidis malignae x
Acc. hepatitidem malignam x
Abl. hepatitide maligna x

Consonant Declension Neuters

Model Declension: trauma, traumatis (n) --> trauma/injury
Sg. Pl.
Nom. trauma traumata
Gen. traumatis traumatum
Acc. trauma traumata
Abl. traumate traumatibus
This group includes words with suffix “-oma”, e.g. myoma, myomatis --> muscle tumour

Model Declension: myoma uteri --> myoma of uterus

Sg. Pl.
Nom. myoma uteri myomata uteri
Gen. myomatis uteri myomatum uteri
Acc. myoma uteri myomata uteri
Abl. myomate uteri myomatibus uteri

Vowel Declension Feminine

Model Word: basis, basis (f) --> base/bottom

Sg. Pl.
Nom. basis bases
Gen. basis basium
Acc. basim bases
Abl. basi basibus
Same ending as that for febris, words that are also declined like this include all those that
end in “osis” and denote inflammatory diseases.
Terms denoting degenerative disease of.. only declined in singular
Model Declension: nephrosis diabetica --> diabetic nephrosis
Sg. Pl.
Nom. nephrosis diabetica x
Gen. nephrosis diabeticae x
Acc. nephrosim diabeticam x
Abl. nephrosi diabetica x

Vocabulary

Nouns:

Masculine:
margo, inis (m) --> margin
situs, us (m) --> site // in situ (in the place of origin)
sphincter, eris (m) --> sphincter
testis, is (m) --> testicle
ureter, eris (m) --> ureter

Feminine:
appendix, icis (f) --> appendix
appendicitis, itidis (f) --> appendicitis/inflamation of cecum of appendage
arthritis, itidis (f) --> arthritis/joint inflammation
arthrosis, is (f) --> arthrosis /degenerative disease of a joint
basis, is (f) --> base/bottom
bifurcatio, onis (f) --> bifurcation
bronchitis, itidis (f) --> bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchi
carotis, idis (f) --> carotid artery
coxarthrosis, is (f) --> coxarthrosis degenerative disease of the hip joint
cuspis, idis (f) --> cusp/leaflet of heart valve
cystis, is (f) --> cyst
dermatitis, idis (f) --> dermatitis/inflammation of skin
dilatatio, onis (f) --> dilation
encephalitis, itidis (f) --> encephalitis
epididymis, idis (f) --> epididymis
gaster, gastris (f) --> stomach
gastritis, itidis (f) --> gastritis/inflammation of the stomach
glottis, idis (f) --> glottis
gravida, ae (f) --> pregnant woman (1st declension)
hepatitis, itidis (f) --> hepatitis/inflammation of the liver
meninx, gis (f) --> meninx/membrane // meninges (specifically the membranous envelope of
the brain and spinal cord)
meningitis, itidis (f) --> meningitis/inflammation of membranes of brain
myocarditis, itidis (f) --> myocarditis/inflammation of heart muscle
myositis, itidis (f) --> myositis/inflammation of a muscle
narcosis, is (f) --> narcosis/general anesthesia
nephritis, itidis (f) --> nephritis/inflammation of kidney
nephrosis, is (f) --> nephrosis/degenerative disease of kidneys
opthalmia, ae (f) --> inflammation of eye (1st declension)
ostitis, itidis (f) --> ostitis/inflammation of bone
otitis, itidis (f) --> otitis/inflammation of ear
retina, ae (f) --> retina (1st declension)
spondylosis, is (f) --> spondylosis/degenerative disease of vertebrae
stenosis, is (f) --> stenosis/narrowing of any canal
symphysis, is (f) --> symphysis
thrombosis, is (f) --> thrombosis/formation of a thrombus in vessels
tonsillitis, itidis (f) --> tonsillitis/inflammation of tonsils
trachea, ae (f) --> trachea/windpipe (1st declension)

Neuter:
aneurysma, tis (n) --> aneurysm
angioma, tis (n) --> angioma/tumor in vessel wall
carcinoma, tis (n) --> carcinoma/ malignant tumour of cancerous nature
coma, tis (n) --> coma
diaphragma, tis (n) --> diaphragm
eczema, tis (n) --> eczema
myoma, tis (n) --> myoma/muscle tumor
neoplasma, tis (n) --> neoplasm/new growth
oedema, tis(n) --> edema/swelling
osteoma, tis (n) --> osteoma, bone tumour
periosteum, i (n) --> periostium/membrane that surrounds bones (2nd declension)
symptoma, tis (n) --> symptom
syndroma, tis (n) --> syndrome
systema, tis (n) --> system
trauma, tis (n) --> trauma/wound/injury

Adjectives:
cricoideus, a, um --> cricoid
deltoideus, a, um --> deltoid
diphtericus, a, um --> diphteric
gangraenousus, a, um --> gangrenous
hyodeus, a, um --> hyoid //os hyodeum (hyoid bone)
intravenosus, a, um --> intravenous
lamboideus, a, um --> lamboid
postraumaticus, a, um --> postraumatic
pubicus, a, um --> pubic
purulentus, a, um --> purulent
sesamoideus, a, um --> sesamoid
sigmoideus, a, um --> sigmoid
Unit 7:
3rd Declension Adjectives

Are classed into 3 types of groups: 1 termination, 2 termination and 3 termination

adjectives.

One Termination Adjectives

Have one common ending for all three genders. It includes adjectives with the following
endings “x”, “s”, “r” and “ns”.
“x” e.g. simplex, simplicis --> simple
“s” e.g. teres, teretis --> round and elongated
“r” e.g. impar, imparis --> unpaired/unequal
“ns” e.g. recens, recentis --> recent/fresh/new

Masculine gender: infarctus recens --> recent infarction

Feminine gender: operatio recens --> recent operation
Neuter gender: remedium recens --> recent (freshly made) remedy

Two termination adjectives

Have two endings in nominative singular “is” used for masculine and feminine adjectives
and “e” used for neuters. For example brevis, breve --> short.

Masculine gender: nervus lumbalis --> lumbar nerve

Feminine gender: vertebra lumbalis --> lumbar vertebra
Neuter gender: segmentum lumbale --> lumbar segment

Two Termination Adjectivves

Have three endings one for each gender. The have the ending “er” in masculine, the ending
“is” in feminine and the ending “e” in neuter. These adjectives occur rarely in medical
terminology. An example would be acer, acris, acre --> acute/sharp/sudden

Masculine gender> visus acer --> sharp sight

Feminine gender --> febris acris --> acute/sudden fever
Neuter gender --> remedium acre --> spicy (bitter) remedy
Declension

Masculine
Model declension: processus muscularis --> muscular process
Sg. Pl.
Nom. processus muscularis processus musculares
Gen. processus muscularis processuum muscularium
Acc. processum muscularem processus musuculares
Abl. processu musculari processibus muscularibus

Feminine
Model declension: pars muscularis --> muscular part
Sg. Pl.
Nom. pars muscularis partes musculares
Gen. partis muscularis partium muscularium
Acc. partem muscularem partes musculares
Abl. parte musculari partibus muscularibus

Neuter
Model declension: septum intermusculare --> intermuscular septum
Sg. Pl.
Nom. septum intermusculare septa intermuscularia
Gen. septi intermuscularis septorum intermuscularium
Acc. septum intermusculare septa intermuscularia
Abl. septo intermusculari septis intermuscularibus

Greek Adjectives of the 3rd Declension

There are two ending adjectives, they end in “ēs” in masculine and feminine and in “es” in
neuter. Examples are endogenes --> endogenous and rheumatoides --> rheumatoid.

Vocabulary

Abdominalis, e à abdominal, relating to the abdomen

Adenocarcinoma, atis, (n) à adenocarcinoma, cáncer of the glandular epithelium
Articularis, e à articular, relating to a joint
Ascendens, ntis à ascending
Biceps, bicipitis à bíceps, having two heads
Bicuspidalis, e à bicuspid, with two cusps
Biventer, tris, tre à digastric, two bellied
Brachialis, e à brachial, relating to the arm
Brachium, I, (n) à the arm (between the shoulder and the elbow)
Brevis, e à short
Cardiovascularis, e à cardiovascular, relating to the heart and the blood vessels
Cellula, ae, (f) à cell, kernel
Cervicalis, e à cervical, relating to cervix
Columna, ae, (f) à column, pillar
Columna vertebralis à vertebral column, backbone
Communis, e à common, relating to more than one
Communicans, ntis à communicating
Corpusculum, I, ( n) à corpuscle, small body or mass
Crassus, a, um à thick, fat, stout
Cum (Abl.) à with
Deformans, ntis à deforming, changing the original state
Descendens, ntis à descending
Duodenum, I, (n) à duodenum, the first part of the small intestine
Dorsalis, e à dorsal, posterior
Dosis, is, (f) à dose, amount of medicine
Epithelialis, e à epithelial
Exitus, us, (m) à death, exit
Exitus letalis à death
Facialis, e à facial, relating to face
Fasciculus, I, (m) à fascicle, a small band of fibres (in a muscle or nerve fibres)
Fibularis, e à fibular, relating to the fibula
Flexor, oris, (m) à flexor, bender muscle
Frontalis, e à frontal, anterior/ pertaining to forhead
Genitalis, e à genital
Graviditas, atis, (f) à gravidity
Hepaticus, a, um à hepatic
Impar, impairs à unpaired, unequal
Intercostalis, e à intercostal, between the ribs
Intermuscularis, e à intermuscular, between the muscles
Interspinalis, e à interspinous, lying between any two spines
Intestinalis, e à intestinal, relating to the intestine
Intestinum, I, (n) à intestine
Intestinum crissum à large intestine
Intestinum tenue à small intestine
Intramuscularis, e à intramuscular, into the muscle
Labialis, e à relating to the lips or labia
Lens, tis, (f) à lens, refracting the media of the eye
Letalis, e à lethal, fatal causing death
Lobulus, I, (m) à lobul
Lumbalis, e à lumbar, relating to the loins
Malformatio, onis, (f) à malformation (affecting fetus)
Maxillaris, e à maxillary, relating to the upper jaw
Medialis, e à medial, situated towards the midline of the body
Medulla, ae, (f) à medulla, marrow-like structure
Medulla spinalis à spinal cord
Metatarsalis, e àmetatarsal, relating to the metatarsus
Migrans, ntis à migratory, wandering from one place to another
Mollis, e à soft
Multiplex, icis à multiple
Muscularis, e à muscular, relating to muscle
Myelitis, itidis, (f) à inflammation of spinal cord/bone marrow
Parietalis, e à 1. Parietal, relating to the parietal bone
2. relating to the wall of any cavity
Perforans, ntis à perforating, penetrating other structures
Permanens, ntis à permanent, lasting a longer time or for ever
Phlebitis, itidis, (f) à phlebitis, inflammation of the veins
Praemolaris, e à premolar, in front of a molar tooth
Prominens, ntis à prominent, projecting
Recens, ntis à recent, fresh/new
Rectalis, e à rectal, relating to the rectum
Renalis, e à renal, relating to the kidney(s)
Sacralis, is, (f) à sacral, relating to the sacrum
Sclerosis, is, (f) à sclerosis, hardening of tissue
Sclerosis multiplex à multiple sclerosis, disease of the CNS
Segmentum, I, (n) à segment portion
Senilis, e à senile, relating to or characteristics of old age
Simplex, icis à simple
Solubilis, e à soluble, capable of being dissolved
Spinalis, e à spinal, relating to the spine
Superficialis, e à superficial
Suprarenalis, e à suprarenal, above the kidney
Tenuis, e à thin, fine, slight
Teres, etis à teres, round and elongated (esp. muscle or ligament)
Tricuspidalis, e à tricuspid, with three cusps
Ulnaris, e à ulnar relating to the ulna
Valva, ae, (f) à valve
Vertebralis, e à vertebral, relating to vertebra

Ajectives & Opposites

dexter --> sinister (right --> left)

interna --> externa (internal --> external)
spurius --> verus (false --> true)
varus --> valgus (outward displaced --> inward displaced)
acutus --> chronicus (acute/sudden --> chronic)
congenitus --> acquisitus (congenital --> aquired)
nigrus --> albus (dark --> light)
apertus --> clausus (open --> closed)
profundus --> superficiales (deep--> superficial)
magnus --> parvus (large --> small)
ruber --> flavus (NOT really opposite but in exams sometimes admited as opp. // red -->
yellow).
primaria --> secundaria (primary --> secondary)
completa --> incompleta (complete --> incomplete)
sicca --> humida (dry --> wet)
ante --> post (before --> after)
abductor --> adductor (abductor -->adductor)
benignus --> malignus (benign --> malign)
rectus --> obliquus (straight --> oblique)
masculina --> feminina (masculine --> feminine)
depressor --> extensor (depressor --> extensor)
deciduus --> permanens (deciduous --> permanent)
dura --> pia (hard --> delicate)
dilatio --> stenosis
durum --> mollis (hard --> soft)
longus --> brevis (long --> short)
crassus --> tenuis (fat/thick --> thin)
ascendens --> descendens (ascending --> descending)

Sg. Pl.
Nom.
Gen.
Acc.
Abl.