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Lamont Boiler Project Report

The document is a project report submitted by three students at Shree Samarth Polytechnic on collecting information about Lamont boilers. It provides background on the history and development of the Lamont boiler, describes its working principle and key components like the economizer, evaporator tubes, furnace, superheater, and applications in power plants. The report also discusses issues like bubble formation that can reduce steam generation efficiency in Lamont boilers.

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Aadesh Pathare
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82 views15 pages

Lamont Boiler Project Report

The document is a project report submitted by three students at Shree Samarth Polytechnic on collecting information about Lamont boilers. It provides background on the history and development of the Lamont boiler, describes its working principle and key components like the economizer, evaporator tubes, furnace, superheater, and applications in power plants. The report also discusses issues like bubble formation that can reduce steam generation efficiency in Lamont boilers.

Uploaded by

Aadesh Pathare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Shree Samarth Academy’s Shree Samarth Polytechnic

Mhasane Phata, Ahmednagar (414301)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

A project report on-


COLLECTION OF INFORMATION ABOUT LAMOUNT
BOILER

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Diploma in


Mechanical
Engineering
BY-
DAREKAR SHIVRAJ RAJKUMAR (2014660153)
SHINDE NIRAJ SATISH (2014660152)
SHAIKH AMAN JAINUDDIN (2014660154)

GUIDED BY-

[ [Link].S.V]
Shree Samarth Academy’s Shree Samarth Polytechnic

Mhasane Phata, Ahmednagar (414301)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
Write a report on
COLLECTION OF INFORMATION ABOUT LAMOUNT
BOILER
Submitted By-
DAREKAR SHIVRAJ RAJKUMAR (2014660153)
SHINDE NIRAJ SATISH (2014660152)
SHAIKH AMAN JAINUDDIN (2014660154)

In the partial fulfillment of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering has been


Satisfactory carried out under my guidance as per the requirement
of Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
during the academic year 2022-2023.

Date- / /202
Place- Mhasne phata,Parner

GUIDE HOD PRINCIPAL


([Link] S.V) (Prof . Kadus R.K.) ( Prof .Anarase B.V.)
INTRODUCTION

Lamont boiler is a high pressure, forced circulation, water tube boiler


with internally fired furnace. An external pump is used to circulate the
water within small diameter water tubes of the boiler. This boiler was
invented by Walter Douglas La-Mont in the year 1925. At that time this
boiler was invented to use in ships.

History
Martin Benson was the first to work on the idea of forced circulation
drum boilers In 1918, Walter Douglas La Mont [de] brought the forced
circulation boiler from concept into existence La Mont was a Lieutenant
Commander and an engineer in the US Navy. He died of a heart attack
in 1942 in New York
La Mont's initial designs confirmed the lighter, safer and higher rates of
heat transfer and evaporation per square foot as compared to that of the
standard water tube boilers, also the circulation of vaporized water at a
differential pressure of 2.5 bar was 8 to 10 times greater. The time
needed for a La Mont Boiler to be able to deliver an evaporation rate of
100,000 pounds per hour was between 15 and 20 minutes. During World
War II the U.S. Navy mainly relied upon Babcock & Wilcox
boilers which were used commonly at the time. On the other hand,
thousands were built in Europe and several German and Japanese ships
used La Mont boilers.
Working Principle of Lamont Boiler:

Lamont boiler works on the principle of forced circulation of water within the

boiler with the help of the centrifugal pump.

It’s working totally depends upon the pump. The centrifugal pump circulates the

mixture of steam and water through the small diameter tubes of the boiler.

A feed pump forces the water into the economizer where the temperature of water

increases.

This water forced into the evaporator tube by using a centrifugal pump driven by

the steam turbine. Water passes 10 – 15 times into the evaporator tube.

The mixture of saturated steam and water is formed inside the tube. This mixture

sends to the steam separator drum which is outside the boiler.

Steam from the separator sends to the superheater, where the saturated steam

converts into superheated steam.

The water again sends to the economizer where it again passes by the evaporator

tubes.

The air from the air preheater enters into the furnace where fuel burn.

The flue gases first heat the evaporator tube then passes by the superheater.

These gases form the superheater again use to preheat the air into air preheater

before exhausting into the atmosphere.


This working pressure of this boiler is above 170 bar and have the steam

generation capacity of about 50000 kg/hour at temperature 773 K.

Applications of Lamont Boiler:

Boilers are mostly used in power plants where steam turbines are used for the
generation of electricity. Lamont boiler works on the principle of forced circulation
of water within the boiler with the help of the centrifugal pump.

It’s working totally depends upon the pump. The centrifugal pump circulates the
mixture of steam and water through the small diameter tubes of the boiler.

A feed pump forces the water into the economizer where the temperature of water
increases.

This water forced into the evaporator tube by using a centrifugal pump driven by
the steam turbine. Water passes 10 – 15 times into the evaporator tube.

The mixture of saturated steam and water is formed inside the tube. This mixture
sends to the steam separator drum which is outside the boiler.

Steam from the separator sends to the superheater, where the saturated steam
converts into superheated steam.

The water again sends to the economizer where it again passes by the evaporator
tubes.

The air from the air preheater enters into the furnace where fuel burn.

The flue gases first heat the evaporator tube then passes by the superheater.

These gases form the superheater again use to preheat the air into air preheater
before exhausting into the atmosphere.
This working pressure of this boiler is above 170 bar and have the steam
generation capacity of about 50000 kg/hour at temperature 773 K.

Economizer:

Economizer use to preheat the water by using the remaining heat of the
combustion gases.

The feed water first supplied to the economizer before entering the boiler.

Economizer is a device that is used to increases boiler efficiency.

Centrifugal pump:

The Lamont boiler is a force convection boiler. So a centrifugal pump is used to


circulate water inside the boiler.

This pump is driven by a steam turbine. The steam for the turbine is taken by the
boiler.
Evaporator tube:

The evaporator tube or can say water tubes are situated at the furnace wall which
increases the heating surface of the boiler.

This is also at the upside and downside of the furnace and other equipment.

The main function of these tubes to evaporate water into steam.

This also cools down the furnace.

Grate:

The space in the furnace where the fuel is burned is called grate.

It is placed at the bottom side of the furnace.

Furnace:

In the Lamont boiler vertical furnace is used.

The main function of the furnace is to burn the fuel.

Superheater:

The steam generated by the evaporator tube is saturated steam.

If it directly used in the steam turbine can cause corrosion.

So the saturated steam sends to the upper heater, where it can increase the
temperature of the steam.

Water Steam Separator Drum:

The steam separator is situated outside of the boiler.

The mixture of water and steam from the evaporator tube sends it to the steam
separator, where it separates the stem and sends it to the superheater.

The remaining water again sends to the economizer.


Air Preheater:

The main function to preheat air before entering into the furnace.

Air preheater is a device that increases the efficiency of the boiler.

Applications of Lamont Boiler:

Boilers are mostly used in power plants where steam turbines are used for the
generation of electricity.

Circulating pump:

It is a centrifugal pump driven by the turbine. It circulates the water from the
steam separating drum to the small diameter tubes of the radiant superheater,
convective superheater, and back to the steam separating drum.

[Link] evaporator:

It evaporates the water steam mixtures with the help of radiation.


Lamont Boiler Definition

The Lamont boiler was developed by Walter Douglas La-Mont. La Mont first
introduced a forced circulation boiler in 1925. This is one of the modern high-
pressure water tube-type steam boilers working on forced circulation. A
circulating pump is employed to circulate water inside the small-bore water tubes
of the boiler.

main problem occurs in Lamont boiler?

The main disadvantages are Bubble formation on a surface of the tube


reduces the heat transfer rate. For this reason a little problem with the
total amount of steam generation.
Construction of Lamont Boiler:

In a Lamont boiler, the air blower is connected to the air preheater and supplies
air to it. It is connected to the air preheater furnace. The water feed pump is
connected to the economizer, which preheats the water, and it is connected to
the economizer steam separator drum.

The steam separator drum is connected to the radiant evaporator, which is


located near the combustion chamber, and this radiant evaporator is connected
to the convection evaporator, which is present above it.

The steam separator drum is also connected to the superheater, which heats the
air to the desired level and then transfers the steam to the turbine to generate
electricity.

Type of Boiler Is a Lamont Boiler?

A LaMont boiler is a type of forced circulation water-tube boiler in which the


boiler water is circulated through an external pump through long, closely spaced
tubes of small diameter. The mechanical pump is employed in order to have
adequate and positive circulation in steam and hot water boilers.

Capacity

The capacity of la-mont boiler is about 50 Tonnes/hr of superheated steam at a


pressure of 170 kgf/[Link]. and at a temperature of 500’C.
Distributing header

The circulating pump delivers the feed water to the distributing header
with orifices at a pressure above the drum ppressur.

Convection superheater

The steam produced in the boiler is nearly saturated. This steam as such
should not be used in the steam turbine. The presence of moisture in it
will cause corrosion of turbine blades, etc. to raise the temperature of
steam and thereby to increase the turbine efficiency, superheater is used.

The principle of convection superheater is similar to steam generating


tubes of the boiler. The hot flue gases at high temperature sweep over
convection superheated tubes and raise the temperature of steam.
Convection superheater thus receives heat from the flue gases flowing
from the combustion chamber, entirely by convective heat transfer. Such
a superheater may be more conveniently located since it is not necessary
for it to “see” the furnace.

the major limitation of the Lamont boiler?

Explanation: The main disadvantage of Lamont boiler is the formation of


bubbles. These bubbles come in contact with the inner surface of the
heating tubes and subsequently are attached to it.
Efficiency of Lamont boiler
BOILER COMPARISONS
BOILER TYPE 20 HP LAMONT
STANLEY

THERMAL 78 % 80 %
EFFICIENCY

HEAT 4,200 21,400


TRANSFER
RATE 1000
BTU SQFT /HR

EVAPORATION 3.2 18.0


SQFT /HR

EVAPORATION .66 2.2


# BOILER
WEIGHT

The main problem occurs in Lamont boiler

The main disadvantages are Bubble formation on a surface of the tube


reduces the heat transfer rate. For this reason a little problem with the
total amount of steam generation.
Main Feature of Lamont Boiler:

The most important feature of Lamont Boiler is –

1. An advance Steam Circulation and Water Circulation System is present.

2. It has advance Tubing Processes.

3. It has advance Heating Processes

USE OF COCHRAN BOILER

4. Cochran boilers are used in power generation plants where large


quantities of steam from 500 kg/s with high pressures approx. 160 bar
and high temperatures reach up to 550o C. In the following, we listed
some other applications of Cochran Boilers: It is used in Refining units.

Components of Lamont Boiler

The Lamont boiler has the following major parts:

1. Feed Pump
2. Grate
3. Radiant Evaporator
4. Superheater
5. Economizer
6. Circulating Pump
7. Convective Evaporator
8. Steam Separating Drum
9. Distributing Header
10. Combustion Chamber
11. Blower
Teacher Evaluation Sheet
Name of the Student:…………………………………………

Enrollment No:……………………………………………….

Name of Program:…………………………………………….

Semester:………………………………………………………

Course Title:…………………………………………………...

Code:………………………………………………………….

Title of the Micro-Project:…………………………………….


Course Outcomes Achieved

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Sr. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent


No be assessed ( Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) Marks( 6-8) Marks (9-10)
1 Relevance to the course

2 Literature survey/
Information Collection

3 Project Proposal

4 Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
5 Analysis of Data &
Representation
6 Quality of
Prototype/Model
7 Report Preparation

8 Presentation

9 Analysis of Data &

Process Assignment Product Assignment Total Marks

Part A- Project Part B-Project Individual


Project Methodology Report/Working Presentation/Viva
Proposal (2 mark) Model (2 (4 mark)
(2 Marks) marks)
Note: Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group
evolution in first 3 columns & individual evaluation in 4 thcolumns for
each group of students as per rubrics.

Comments/suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-


personal communication

………………………………………………………………………
…
Any Other Comment:

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………
Name and designation of the faculty member

…………………………………………………………………
Signature………………………………………………………

Common questions

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Walter Douglas La-Mont, a US Navy Lieutenant Commander, developed the Lamont boiler in 1925 to address the limitations of existing boilers, particularly in naval applications. Its forced circulation design allowed for lighter, safer boilers with higher evaporation rates, a significant advancement over the standard water tube boilers of the era. This was especially beneficial for ships, where space and safety were crucial. Despite its innovative design, the US Navy still primarily relied on Babcock & Wilcox boilers during World War II, though many German and Japanese ships incorporated the Lamont boiler .

The key components of a Lamont boiler include the economizer, evaporator tubes, centrifugal pump, steam separator drum, superheater, and air preheater. The economizer preheats feed water, increasing efficiency. The evaporator tubes, situated on the furnace wall, convert water into steam. The centrifugal pump, driven by a steam turbine, circulates water through these tubes. The steam separator drum separates steam from water, directing it to the superheater for further heating, ensuring dry steam for turbines. The air preheater increases boiler efficiency by warming air before combustion .

Innovations from the Lamont boiler, particularly its forced circulation system and compact design, have significantly influenced modern steam boiler designs. Forced circulation using mechanical pumps is now standard in high-capacity boilers, improving thermal efficiency and operational reliability. The concept of using a steam separator and superheater to ensure dry steam output is also widely applied in contemporary boilers, reducing corrosion and improving turbine efficiency. These principles manifest in modern power plants where efficient, high-pressure steam generation is critical for maximized energy output and operational economy .

The Lamont boiler achieves high thermal efficiency through several key component interactions. The economizer preheats feedwater using flue gases, reducing energy required for heating in the boiler. The centrifugal pump ensures effective water circulation, enhancing heat exchange. The air preheater uses exhaust gases to warm the combustion air, maximizing fuel combustion efficiency. The superheater raises steam temperature, improving energy transfer to turbines. By optimizing these component interactions, the Lamont boiler minimizes energy losses and maximizes heat utilization .

The Lamont boiler design significantly improved efficiency over its predecessors by addressing heat transfer limitations and enhancing circulation mechanisms. Its use of small-diameter water tubes increased heat transfer rates by expanding surface area exposure. The forced circulation system, driven by a centrifugal pump, ensured constant water flow, preventing scale buildup and optimizing heat absorption. These innovations enabled the Lamont boiler to achieve faster steam generation, reduce fuel consumption, and operate with higher thermal efficiency. Such efficiency improvements made it a preferred choice for high-demand applications like power plants and naval ships .

The Lamont boiler operates on the principle of forced circulation, utilizing a centrifugal pump to circulate water through small diameter tubes. This forced circulation is crucial as it allows for higher heat transfer rates due to the effective mixing of steam and water, thus preventing localized overheating and increasing efficiency. The use of a steam separator further enhances efficiency by ensuring only superheated steam reaches the turbine, reducing the risk of turbine blade corrosion .

The centrifugal pump in a Lamont boiler is crucial for its forced circulation system, maintaining constant water flow through the evaporator tubes. This circulation prevents hotspots and ensures uniform temperature distribution, thus improving the boiler's thermal efficiency. By driving water through the tubes multiple times, the centrifugal pump increases the exposure of water to heat sources, enhancing steam generation rates. Efficient pump operation is vital; any failure or inefficiency can disrupt the entire boiler's performance, making the centrifugal pump a central component in maintaining operational stability and efficiency .

The Lamont boiler's design, which features forced circulation and compact water tube construction, made it an appealing option for naval applications, where weight, safety, and space efficiency are critical. Its ability to quickly generate high-pressure steam allowed naval ships to achieve better speed and maneuverability. Furthermore, the inherent safety features from its robust design reduced the risk of catastrophic failure, which is crucial in military operations. These characteristics helped its adoption in German and Japanese naval vessels during times when high-performance steam production was vital .

Lamont boilers offer advantages such as high heat transfer rates due to forced circulation, which makes them well-suited for high-pressure, high-capacity steam generation. This is contrasted with limitations like bubble formation on heating surfaces, which can hinder performance. Compared to traditional fire-tube boilers, Lamont boilers achieve a higher thermal efficiency due to their design. However, the complexity and maintenance requirements of the circulating pumps represent a disadvantage when compared to simpler designs which are easier to maintain but might offer lower efficiencies .

Bubble formation on the tube surfaces of a Lamont boiler is a significant issue that affects heat transfer efficiency. These bubbles act as an insulating layer, reducing the rate of heat absorption by the water in the tubes. This decreased heat transfer rate can lead to a drop in the overall steam generation efficiency, as it disrupts the uniform boiling and circulation processes. Consequently, this requires more energy to maintain the desired steam output, impacting efficiency and operating costs .

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