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Human Rights Sum

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Jasmine Almelor
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17 views11 pages

Human Rights Sum

Uploaded by

Jasmine Almelor
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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= Qstudocu Qay Module for CLJ 2 udud... 6 Q (CRIMINAL LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE 2 HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION Democracy is 2 valued prhcipe, so ruch fo that some peoela rave sacifeed ter tes fr F. Whle ro Systm peroct I eoama fa! gomeeraey is ence acon, Unser" assaute What are the chenges paved td democrat system and are estaelshedsafequarcs helpng bE Seenen creoery oa er fear scary Human rights 6 te FRegpines pertains tthe concept. practse, and lsues of Pura this witin the Bhippnerarchipstaga The sanespt of Human Rig the context ofthe Phipnes. pertalns men (ba Is rot "itd at tho fat Tine esl ard povteal yrs ofa perscr 2 lviain the Phipoines by reason of he 1987 Phiigene Const human ris are justod set of sims tat set rmorat canaarse to member of te human race. net ‘excuse toa speste. commurty or clzerahe Hembershp in the Ruan race ste sot quaieayen to obian these Pgh Human ngs, uithe:ateaspecte convertors of inlematonal Ions (ex Ewrnean ‘Conventen on Huma Figrs and nemaieral Covenant Gn Civ and Potical Rights and on Eeenarve, Soeal afd Catal Fights), ore universally Leas ascertains fo the entre numa tac, toga of geographical eraton (ela Cruz. lorendor LESSON 1: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RiciTs “Muman rights 25 those righs whieh are inherent tn ‘urnature and without which we cannot five as human beings" Harn dignity ays a special por ofthe provslon of our preamtie m the 1987 Conettuton, The tate values the flgnty of every haan person and guarartes full spect fornuman rat, ‘The Congres shall ve gest pocty lo he enactment cf measures tha! proc! ahd erhance fe Hg of al re People to human dignity, reauee sora conse snd poltcal nequates, and temove cultura mequalies by euitasiy dfusing wea ard polilel power for the {amon good (82. Tt, PRA, Constitute hat is Human Rights? Human rights may be defied as the Supreme, Inherent and Inaienabe nights fc to dgnty, and ose. evelopment I's te estenco of tose rhs Cal makes human: Human spits are tundamen‘alfeedoms when are necessary and indispensable in order to enable every ‘rember of fe human ace to We ale to donty, Other deftations: Y is a erreun ining 19 sand up for what you beleve in, ¥ Tho basic siandarcs witout wnien people canna vein cg as human beings. 1 itis foundation ef feedom, ste and peace Confuclan= “Thou shat not dot ethers, what youd not want oes do utd you" {stam Aavoeates ~ *No ono cf you is bekovsr uni he ‘cestes for i rote tha wan ne sires forma Chiistianity teaches ~ "in everything, do to olners just Human Rights as Bethright 7" trace ngs whieh are innerens in our nature res \nthout which we canna ive os haran begs. Revie otrgnts con causa coves The roots of toma crf! are du 1 he denial ofruman iat Ctasetfeation of Human Rights According to Source: 4. Naturale Moral Rights — God gwen rights cknewledged meray good. 2-Lagal rights ‘Constitutional rights - Guarateed in til of fogs ete Contton. Stiutory ghia Righis promugoted by Fegitatve body, ‘According to Aspect of Lie: [Link] Rights — Fights the aw wit erfrce at nearest Btvate indviual for purpose af securing to Ben the lnpymen ot harpress. Civ nights guaronee pase tem abuses of Site gets in the exer ofthe snes ree (3) ferent powers (cokce poner paver of immrent Goran ana poner of tn), 2. Petes! Rights ~ Are rece rights which enatle vs to Baeiats in ruving me aa of Ie gevemnmant ele ‘recy er indirect. ‘Cut and Polen! gris are guarartees. aganst govenmer abuse, 3. Jusumabie rights ~ inrmesaicy evorsed one ‘led, Caled regal rights because Site eraned From velatng tem 4. Economle, Social and Cultural Rights ~ Richis of Deeple to sei-éoteminabon, ta pursue economic. sacl 5nd culural cevelocmart and trsneal secu. Ensuro & He cigity Caled postive nights ~ State expated to take ‘fectve measures (2 (ll them Relered as Programmable none — seperet Upon reeaures and Polis wi of he sae ‘According to Derogabiity: 1. Nonderogable or Absolute rights ~ Fights that camel be suspended ror icon away ror resicied ef limied even in exieme emergency ard even if ‘overnment evoke reborn secu 2. Derogable or Relative rights ~ Mavoe suspended or tesuciaa ot Imfed ceperng on ereumsiances-‘or breteraton of socialite State Obtgations te Human Rights: 4. obligation to RESPECT - Requires tne state and at ts ‘organs and gens to abelan fem ding amthing that voules ihe Fugty of indvual or frrgas on Neher Teeter, 2. Obligation to PROTECT ~ Requees the state and its fagenis — the measures necessary lo prevent ober Irawauais or grape tom vting the rtagry Resco ct acton, or he human gh ofthe duldsal 3. Obligation to FULFILL ~ Recures the slate to take ireasues ensure fer exen porscn wn ts unsaicton ‘opportunities to [Link]'acien of those, ead record tthe human ehis lstumens, which earnol be secured by personal efits ‘Questions of Legalty, Necessity and Preportionaity using any miliary power or authority 1" Dees the power or subhorly sed Ina parteuar siaten haves basis a aaticay fay? 2. le Be exercise of Pal paricular power oF ausnonty Siicly necessary. ohen tne ercumsiances of 2 Tespestve stuaton? 3. he poner or authorty used in proportion the ‘pemousneen cf the effenes and the keokireta reltiens = §studocu Module for CLJ 2 udud Basle Prineipies of Human Righis Human rights are inherent. Human sais. ore Drthrgnts. They belong to the india perscn for tease ththe or she a human beng Fundamental - Yhout human fights, a persons Me ae “dorily would be wortvess ond ‘resningless, Wt is Inalenable ~ As such tney cannot be sfiebed oF Hon taken away tram any ee Iie Impreseribie ~ Haman rors are not oet by mere passage stm, Human rights do nat DSlescrbe even ithe tale fo use er vat prevented {tom assering tam Murren ngs ne reste ientetted The Indasisity & human High I 3 ‘moriestaton that a petean cannot be cerled of epee ex risiar human ners, mabenstandeey Ital he or she has already enjoyed rts aeody fnjoyng other nghts. Human nghls ere nak sew of meal fghts ard treecems, hence, nol capanie st being ernced tle Universal — Human nights are enoned exery Furman beh fram the moment of Linn ‘wihout Gsincten ar Frespecave of arian, #0 ‘ce. creed polical caer, satus oF contion ie Ye Interdependent ~ The sumer, enjoyment ot exercse oa partcalor ron eanetbe rane ‘wthout the realzation of re ober righ © Equality ~ Even tie tr of nature made mantest this bask: pincise by Ts Yoet shot a muran Deings. male or female, are hor maces. oe neers HISTORY OF HUMANRIGHTS (Cyrus re Great, tne fst hing of Persia, teed the sivas of Bapyon, 539 BC. In $20 8. tho armies of Ovusthe Creat. tne frst ‘ing of ancient Peis, conquered the ey of Babyen, But 1 as Piz next actons that marked a mer advance for mon. Ha freed the slaves, dezared that al pple hod the Tigh to chocee Ihe own reigion, ond estabished racal ‘quatty. These and other decrees were Tecorded 0 a boked-lay eyinder inthe AkKadan language “Witt eimeform sot Known today as the Gyrus Cytnder, hs ancient fecord nas now Deen fecognized as the ‘words teat Charter of human rghit, If translate its ab offal languages ofthe Unied Natons anf provisions paratel the fest Tour Artes of tye Universal Dacron on Firman hs The Spread of Human Rights From Babylon, the idea of human rights spread queky to Inca, Greece and eventualy Rome. There he Concept of “natal law” arose, M obsenali of the fast that people tended 6 Yotbw eh ure laws 1 he Couree eft. and Roman aw was based Ov ralona Seas Setves Tem ive nate orgs Documents assetng Futian ighs, such a8 he Magra Cara (1215). the Petton of Right (1628) tye US CContotuten (1787), Fraren Decarsion of Ihe Rights Gian and et tie Gteen (1789), ana te US Bil of Fgh: (1791) are tne writen precurors to many of today's huran nghis document The Magna Carta (1218) Magna Cota or "Great Chaser, elgnes by the King of England In 1218, was a luring poPt in Ruan rights. The Magna Cara_was arguably the most slanteart ear Inluenee on fe extonele. fiteal rocess thet led 0 the rule of constiuconal aw today in In 1219, afer King John of Eoiond vilated a umber of ancient [ows ané-eusloms by which Cnglad Fac been govemed, He subjects fered fi to sigh Te Magna Carla whien enumerotes what lier came 19 ‘ough of as human Fghla Amara tnem was te FQhl of (be erurch i be free Fam gorermenial nteteence, PE rote of al ree citzers to one and invert pioperles re {a be protected trom excessive taxes. ialaned Me Fatt of witors who cwned prozery 10 choose not fear, and estabished prndples of due process a ually belore the. ley. Tl also conared provsiors (artiddig ber an ofl! misconduct ‘widely wowed a5 cre of he most inperort legal Ccocumehts ine evelgnert of redem damecrasy, Po Magna Cara was 3 cul trig pat he sive Petition of Right 162#) bn 1628 te Engen Pariament sent his statement cteraltbertes teking Chaves ‘The next recoded mestane i the develgrient ef human rigs was the Peillon of Righ prodioed 1 1628 bythe Engin Palernert and sentto Chores 128 9 satement of chil Iterbes. Resa) by Parlament 0 france be King’s unpopular foreign polly hd cased Ne SSevermert to exo forced loans od Yo tet ecg Fy sudjects houses as an sconomy measuce ARXVY ares fend. imprsenmere Tor oubasng” ese polcies broduced in Partgrnent vioent hows fo Chaies and © George Villers. the Duke of Buckinghart The Belay ot Right inhaved by St Eeviard Coke. was based usr cates sttites ana cherers fe ascend four prrcpter (No ies tay De lesea witout conser ef Parament, (@) No sitject ray be rypnsenea nous eau shoe eafiiraion of te ght of nabeas come) (3) No cides: may be quatares Uupen the eezmry, and) Marto Lan may not be used nine of peace United states Declaration otindependence (1776) In 1776, Thomas Jatfarsen penaed the American Dectaratin ef ndopendanes, On Jey 4, 176, the Unied States Congreae approved the Dsciaston ef Independence. ts prmary ‘tthor, Thomas seferton, wrote the ceciaraion 32,2 femal oxplaation of why Congress had voted on duly 02 {a declare inaepericnon fon Orem Ertan, more than 3 your shar tre eubtesk of fro Amorean Revolutionary War, rd aa ¢ semen annourorg tat te thrizen Aeriea Colonies were no lerger part ef the Briss Cinpre Congress ‘issues. ‘he Decaraton of Independence Fy several forms. It was inlaly published 25 3 pied roadineet that mas widely dstibuied and read (obo ble Phicsoghicaly, the Dedlwaton sessed two eres: (1) nck rigs, and (2) lan of Revolution, “These isa hecaine ely held by Amencans ar spread lernatonaty as wel, Ivluenerg Ih partsulr the Prone Revoton ‘The Consiiation of the Unted States of Amertea (1797/ and Blof Righis (1784) ‘The 8 of Rights cf the US Coneiuton protects bt reagome of the Untod Sales eizene. Weta during the suromor af 1787 in Pilaaiphia, te Consinison of fhe Untied Sites of Amenca fe re fundamental Ia ef the US fedaral sytem of goverment ‘nd the landmark doeuman! othe Westom nor It Bo eldett wit natonalceraticten in usw and ceines Pe Frripalemgare of overrvant and that jursdictone ae Ue Ea igh of ezens ‘The Bil of Rights protects freedom of speech, = Qstudocu Module for CLJ 2 udud Ieadom of assembly and the freedom fpettion tt also Pronbbis unreasonable search and. seizure. cruel ant) Unusual purishment and competed seencrmiaion ‘Areng the legal ptctastons i ators, fie Bil ot Rigs Pronibis Congress fom making any law. respecting estabishmant of relgin "and praitts. me. tecers) foverent from dejrivng ary persera. ite. Tbeny ane Bropery witout due process of an. I federal erin f9ses 4 requras indictment by actor! ry fv any cata Gferse, or infarous cre, guaranees 8 Soesdy pute ‘nal with an inrtal jay in the tet murach ihe Crm eeu, ane prchibts douse eon. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (789) In 1780, the people of Fiance orouant about the abetstrent o the absolute monayeny and set the stage, for te establishment ofthe Hist Frenen Republe att eo Wwooks eter the string ef the Basti, a Barely thee {@) woeks ater ihe abotton o! Frusatsm The bedlaaton Gf tre rigs of Man and of the Clhoen (Prenen: Lo Declaration des Drots de Horne et da Citayen) wae dopted by the Natrol Constivent Areemoly 35 the fel 80 lovate witng = carson forthe [Link] of The decavatcn prectans mat al me cizene are fo be guarantoad tie ights of ikem, propery, eceunly and resistance a aporessin,"Kargies that he need for tna derives from ie facta ne eesti of the nga Yights ofeach man has ony wiote neardare utleh assure hier members of ne society me enjoyment ofthese same, Yights" Thus, the Decloraton tees aw a= an “eipreoson Of the ceneral wil. irtanded 49 promote tvs equalty of fights anv fora only setone rar o te society The Fist Geneva Convent The cidnal cccument tom the fest Geneva {Convention in 1864 Froviea ot cam lo wounded regio, In 1864, sitean European counties and covers) ‘Arercan states atone a cavierence In Geneva, at the trtaoon of the Susee Federal Council on te sitive of he Gereva Commvtee. The Dplomalls eonforenee was hel forthe purpose sr 20optP9 9 corventon for Me treatment of wounded saiiers n eombal The main prnplat la down in the Convertion and mavainod ty th Iver Ganava Convert proved for te abigaten fo exend care wittet eermation 1a Wounded ane eck miltary perscaral end respect for end marking af medical parsecrel Fansporte ord equpment wi the estneive Sen ef the Red Cross ona while background ‘The United Nations (UN) Fity nations wat in San Frareleco in S848 and formed the United Natens i protet sh promote peace. Worié War W nse rage tern 1909 10 1945, and 09 the and crew nea. les they out Eurase are Asa ay invemoldereg fins. Milont of poosle were dead, millon more homeless or stanirg. Russian foces were dosro Gn the rermnarts of Garrian rasisures In Gemayy bombodout captal of Sern, In the Packe. US Names wore elll ating entranched Japanese fare on such ‘lores as Oninawa, On Api 1945, delogaies rom fy counties met in an Francia full of eptmam an nape. The goal ef the UN’ Conference ‘on Inorafonal Organization was. Io fashion an inismatinal body to promote poace end prevent future wars. Te ideals ofthe orGanealon were Sted in the preamble fof proposed charter. We the Deoples of the United Natons are ceteraned to save Sueeeeding generavons frm the scourge of wate which twice In ow etme has brought unld ‘soow 1 makina? ‘The Ghorer ofthe new UN organization went ic ‘fect en Ocicher 24,1545, dale tats celebrated wach, ‘years Und Notone Da. LESSON 2: FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS. Freedom VS. Human Rights Rights and the term treedom acoea at vatous Places in constiitions around the world tat reso Is ere ofthe core concests cf te Ameren conetuen (and We Phitprines ce well) Preauersy Os lem ae Inrehangeatl. In most scenario. they mean the same thing. I fac taking anay sorizane’s ngtt means tg ‘suay Ihe reedom as nell the man diferenos betwaen ght and feedrnts.a right Is an anitema cf a gnen ‘ting Forexangle,a person waking a apo nas angio recene nar ealory as per the coiract However testo fetes tothe stale n which a government cannot est Perton trom pertoring a certain aciy Howevet, i ‘ett has tobe win the tours of sw Parameter RIGHTS FREEDOW parson or ‘overng boay anna" vote Restrctins | the rehts. ot rote person woul “facing teaal 7% paRen oF ‘overng body fan keeway perane Feecom to cary fautan getty ‘Sock lagi ftliged | et neato te Uphta the rants | mat one can be Ofispecple | 30" ingepercant This “Gecreases | inaweaual events af fuusice ae Rous may tones. The nants a person coves "atte Cte tc ower | perrnanert ike 8 peosle Poh ‘Advantages Freedom can be tater away ot gwen te eer ata Duration aR A paar FReoves "Moga | rates Eero sony aa | Reece a th teeming! | esate fcizen—or| enpes rat fis feroming “a| srianate non Sera Method ot Recewing ‘wnat are Right A rght i an enttioment that ene recetiee when fone necomae part of society Human ean get dferon types cf roves Brouphout tne Wes €epending cn Yanous ‘tore. fa factors ar Age S Nonanty = Oscupaten ‘tight can be glen bated on be econemc, socal anc pelteal standeg of an indiveual. A counby confers atonal ign ‘a etizan These nights we 9 core ‘component of 3 countrys cenettutor. A few comren rights that are given to a citzeiby ther goverruent ie Fight io Educaten Rightio Freedom of Thought Fight io Feedom ef Ralon Fight iste Fight o Feedom cf Movement Right to freedom of Expression bea) ray © studocu @ [Link]/ph, ee ©) Qa- Module for CLJ 2 udud... 6 Q {tune ena so hurnan nie Paran ron were = Rantonvedimet te Runes os PRU a i tan many ore aera chore Sain Freedom oan eset component huran ode St toe se aa eof tai onrees tan . ems 2e hen ay to om ian ae wel ent " Pouce power ‘rio or sores ramon eat ay coined rol be Se ine by Fama ao iy aaopes ne Urner Decabon © aman ign tnbotere 1, {hits Retin naan Rs Conon ich wae {st ues mah eat me ae cnt ey Wins ac tbe sendy ted Seliee sown ctonunle or Tet estan «hy ome at BASES Easmos te nol Anan wie ‘its lowe ord bese eughoat te wd Stuctare and Content acre le Use Daan wae Te Deana at on pate eae oes anes ‘ee neces erty = Qstudocu Qay Module for CLJ 2 udud... © Q fights of tne inalctet camo be ap the duty ff he dual to saat, an the prohsten sf We use oF rinis in cantraventen cf he purpones tof te Uniea Rabons Orgartzatin History Durng vont Wa the Atos darmaty koomn as the Unie Natore) adept Bs heh Sale meses {out feedoms Freedom of Spaeth, Feaéom et Retsion Freedom for Fear and roadom ton Wart Towaves fn. wa. the Untod Nasions Charer wan setatea Siete ne rai (8 rest Toth loneeronls Roney {gh arc anny ard War ofthe Ruman pert” ae conn member eats to promt unvetsal espe ane "ctoorance hurr ngs ond breach freesore for at without dsincton as to ace see tanguoge or region When the evecies cammted By Natl Germany tooare fly apparent cs te wr We consensus wih the word community was at tes UN hater 4 not sulicerty dine he nts (> wich fetered. i as deemed necessary 1p Cale & urversal ecavaton that specie fe tyson 6028 ve eet to the Gav's provers on Raman ris Bill of Rights and Constitutional Rights of the Philippines. Bil of rigts Is bested im AMIE IH of me 1987 Phitspine Consttson The ropts were desussed in the fotowra Section : No person shall be deprved ef Ho, Hhety and broperty without eve process a ow, nor shal ony person De denied forthe equa pretetion ofthe tans, ‘Section 2: The ight ef fre people fo be secured in her Pereons, houses, papers ond olfer efecs agaist lrreascroble searches and selzufes of whatever aus and for any puroase shal be Inioable al ho sea ‘norrant or wartant of attest shall Issue exert upon Drobetle cause io le delerined personaty oy 18 $390 fatter examinaton ‘wer cath or ation ef the omgtainart and Whe vitnesses he may Procuce, and Dartculerly descrbing he pace ts be arched and things foneseuee Seetion 3: (1) The privacy of commurieaten and correspondence shall bo iwvolatle except upcn lawful ‘fder ef ie cour. ot when pub safely ef ote rogures otherwise, os presented by iw. (2)Any evidence obisned invitation of hi or tne preossng senton shal Be inacmssble for any purpose ‘ny preceeding. ‘Section 4: Nolan shal be passed atriging the treacera Of sbeech, exnression, oF oF he press the rhe he ‘people peaceably o assemtle the patisan the government Tor rearess ef grevances. Section $: Nolan shal ke mace respecting an lectabichmont of ralgen, ot prehibing the free axese ‘harecf The free exerise and enayment ef religious profession ard wersp, wahoul -ductifnalion and [reference shall forever afewed. ND rah est sha be reared fr the exercise of er or palical rams. ‘Section 6: ms tery of abot and of changng ne same ‘wihin tha tits prescrbed by law shall not be Impaled ‘2xc20! upee wil err of the court Nether ell Ihe ‘ight io vavel be mpated axcep! the est of tional ‘secu, pu safely. er pubic heath 93 may be proviced bylaw Section 7: The ght of the people to Inormstion on mates of publ concern shal'be reconnzec, Access 10 Mal recrds, ana to documents ana papers pening 0 Meal acts, transactions, er cecsions, as wal at lo research dota used 92 basis for poly ‘chal be afforded the ctzon, eubject to such Section : The mort of me poole, incuding base ‘emcioyed tte prvte ana pute sectors a fe anne Associaton, er soot ter purpores noi conay ele Stal note age Section 8: Private property shal rot Be taken for pubs {se wi 4st compensation, Secfon 10: No ox imparig the edigaton of ccrtacts Hllbe passea Seeton 1: Free secess tothe courts ad quas!~juiial bodies and adequate fal azsiianee shana he rae {bay peron by masorof poverty ‘Section 12: (1) Any parton urdor ivasigaten forthe forimittion ot an’ efenaes hal have he elt lo be Ineemed of his ngni to. remain len and lo. have compere and indapondont counsel prelsaly of Fis om noice he peren cannot atord the sevioes of aul he must bo provided wih ore. These rhs carret be ated excel n wing and he preserce 0 couse 12) No torture fore, valence, tvea ntratn, ‘orany ofr meare wach vilse te freeail shal Le used fsgainst hin. Secra! deletion places, seltarg ineommuniceco, or ether simar forms’ of detention are pronto @) Ary corfession oF adiission oxtained in \olaon ef this or Secon 17 heteef eral be recnaate ces evidence against hi. (4) The law shal poside for penal and eel sancins tor Wastes of Ms tecten a8 well ae ‘onpensaton © and ratabielon of vetims oF tone ot ‘mist practices, and te aries Section 13: AI persons, except mote charged wih ‘ffenses punistabie by Recon Perpaiua when evioerce of guit © trong, shal, befor corvtin, be balable ny “sutsent siete,” or be released’ on fecogrizance as may be provided by law. The igh bad shal nce erpared even when the priv of he writ of habeas cornu is suspended. Exczsswve bal shal not be requred! Seaton 14 (1) No erson shal be Held to answer fora inal forge whoa de proves fan {2iin ll tira sosecons Me accused shat be presumed nnaten ud the cereary proved and Shalerioy he igh i bereavtty mst a Sota Eo"Momved of he rture ana case ote aceueton gant ino hve # pea mpart! and pus tat Inoet the winesten leo fee. argo rave compute trocess wo ware be ntennance ef wascees an Dreaurien ef evidence In He behat Hewett Bragnment. wes may proceed. netwinwandrg the absentee cf be accused provided athe has been ly Rote and Hs flue to pearls nuctnane Sectlon 18: The privege af the wil of habeas corpus tal nt be suspended excep! in cases ef ivason OF ‘ebelion when he puble sai recurs Section 16: All persons shall have te rg 0 a speedy

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