SCRIPT FOR REPORT!
And this part of report we move on to the Non Experimental Research Design READ THE
DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Explanation: This research design is said to be not biased and manipulative because of the not
involvement of the external variables in the research subject. It also focuses more on the “what”
rather on the why of the research because it provides numerical percentage results and based
conclusions.
Descriptive research design READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Explanation: The descriptive research method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a
demographic segment, without focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs. In other
words, it “describes” the subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens. It provides
a numerical results and based conclusions.
Characteristics of descriptive research READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
1. Statistical outcome. READ Explanation: Because this design requires a quantity results
for the conclusion.
2. Basis for secondary research. READ Explanation: As it offers statistical results it could
also be use as a related studies on the other researches that are related.
3. Unrestrained Variable READ Explanation: This is the reason why it is called non biased
and not manipulated because variables come naturally, unlike the other design it is in the
hands of the researchers on where this variables come and thus leads to their pre
determined results.
4. Natural Setting: READ it could be done randomly, in a supermarket just observing the
people and record what they did that is essential for your study.
5. Cross sectional study READ you can study a different are or group to gain a different
respond and reaction that too are essential
Survey Research Design READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Explanation: A study to gather useful data should have the right survey questions. It should be a
balanced mix of open-ended questions (answerable with yes or no) and close ended-questions
(sentence relating to their behaviour, personal experiences or opinions). The survey method can
be conducted online or offline, making it the go-to option for descriptive research where the
sample size is enormous. It may be done through phone call, face to face, mail or google survey
forms.
Correlation Research READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Explanation: The correlational study is looking for variables that seem to interact with each
other. When you see one variable changing, you have a fair idea of how the other variable will
change. Example is the number of individuals whose wearing face mask in relation to the lower
rate of covid cases being reported
Types of correlational research
1. Positive correlation READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Example: For example, the amount of money a person has might positively correlate with the
number of cars the person owns.
2. Negative correlation READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Example: The bigger the salary you get the bigger the taxes being deducted.
3. No correlation READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT. Gets na nila yarn babi
HAHAHAHHA
Characteristics of correlational research
1. Non-experimental: READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
2. Backward-looking: READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
3. Dynamic: READ THE DEFINITION ON THE PPT.
Ex post Facto is a method in which groups with qualities that already exist are compared on
some dependent variable. Also known as "after the fact" research.
Explanation: an ex post facto design is considered quasi-experimental because the subjects are
not randomly assigned - they are grouped based on a particular characteristic or trait. Although
differing groups are analyzed and compared in regards to independent and dependent variables it
is not a true experiment because it lacks random assignment. The assignment of subjects to
different groups is based on whichever variable is of interest to the researchers.
For example, a researcher is interested in how weight influences self-esteem levels in adults. So
the participants would be separated into differing groups (underweight, normal weight,
overweight) and their self esteem levels measured. This is an ex post facto design because a pre-
existing characteristic (weight) was used to form the groups.
Ex post facto study or after-the-fact research is a category of research design in which the
investigation starts after the fact has occurred without interference from the researcher. The
majority of social research, in contexts in which it is not possible or acceptable to manipulate the
characteristics of human participants, is based on ex post facto research designs. It is also often
applied as a substitute for true experimental research to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect
relationships or in situations in which it is not practical or ethically acceptable to apply the full
protocol of a true experimental design. Despite studying facts that have already occurred, ex post
facto research shares with experimental research design some of its basic logic of inquiry.
GOODLUCK BABI!