# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 1

CH# 02
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Pairing For Exams:2017-18

3 – SHORT
2 – MCQS:
1 – LONG:

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 2

1. What is Computer Networks?

A way in which computers and devices connected together to share information and other sources is called
Computer Networks. It is also called Information Networks.

2. What are Servers / Server Computer?

A computer in the network that controls the overall functioning of a network is called Server Computer.
It is also known as Central Computer.

3. What is Client or Terminal?

The devices or computer other than server computer within the network are called Terminal. Terminal is also
known as Node. A node may be a personal computer, printer or monitor etc.

4. What is Workgroup Computing?

A group of persons working together on a particular task and sharing information through computer network
is called Workgroup.

5. What is Groupware?
The software which is used for workgroup computing is known as Groupware. It is used on computer networks.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 3

6. What is Network Models?

A Network Model represents the architecture of computer network. The most popular network models are as
follows:
i. Client-Server Model
ii. Peer-to-Peer Model
iii. Hybrid Model

7. What is Client-Server Model? Give 2 - 2 Advantages & Disadvantages of Client-Server Model.

A network architecture in which one or more computers act as Server and other computers act as client computer
is called Client-Server Model.
Advantages:
i. It is faster response to the clients.
ii. It provides centralized security/management.
Disadvantages:
i. More powerful computer is required to install as dedicated sever.
ii. The entire network is affected if there is any problem in the server computer.

8. What is Peer-to-Peer Model? Give 2 - 2 Advantages & Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Model.

A network architecture in which all computers on the network have equal status and no one has control over
others is called Peer-to-Peer Model or P2P Model.

Advantages:
i. It is useful in small offices.
ii. It is easy to design and to maintain.
Disadvantages:
i. It becomes slow under heavy use.
ii. There is no central place for storing data and software.

9. What is Hybrid Model?

The Hybrid Network has combined features of both client/server and peer-to-peer network models. It also has
one or more servers. The users can share the data and software.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 4

10. What is Network Standards?

The Network Standards are the regular documents. These documents contain technical or physical specification
about network being design.
There are two types of Network Standard:
i. De Fecto Standards
ii. De Jure Standards.

11. What is De Facto Standards?

De Facto Standards developed without any formal planning or rules or regulations. These standards are works
and come into existence due to historical developments.

12. What is De Jure Standards?

De Jure Standards work According to law and regulations. These standards are properly developed according
to the needs of the data communication that approved by international Organization like ANSI, IEEE, OSI.

Network Topologies

13. What is Network Topology?

Computer can be connected together in a computer network. The way in which all the nodes are connected in a
network is called Network Topology.

14. What is Bus Topology? Write 2-2 Advantages & Disadvantages.

In Bus Topology, all nodes or devices are connected to a common communication medium. Usally, a central
cable is used as communication medium. This cable is called Bus.
Bus topology is suitable for small networks. The shape of bus network is shown in the following figure.

Advantages:
i. It is very simple and easy to install.
ii. If one node fails, other nodes are not affected.

Disadvantages:
i. It can support only a small number of nodes or computers (Up to 10).
ii. If any problem in the central cable than the Entire network is fail.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 5

15. What is Star Topology? Write 2-2 Advantages & Disadvantages.

In a Star Topology, all computers or nodes are directly connected to a central device. The central device is called
Hub/Switch. A larger network may consist of many hubs/switches and make a network like a star shape.

Advantages:
i. It is easy to install and maintain.
ii. If any node or cable fails, other nodes are not affected.

Disadvantages:
i. It requires more cable than any other topologies.
ii. It requires many hubs for larger network, So it becomes more costly.

16. What Ring Topology. Write 2-2 Advantages & Disadvantages.

In a Ring Topology, each computer is connected to the next computer and the last computer is connected to the
first computer. The shape of the formed just like a ring as figure.

Advantages:
i. It is less expensive than star topology.
ii. All computers have equal access in a network.

Disadvantages:
i. If one node fails the entire ring and network has braked and stop working.
ii. It is impossible to Adding or Removing a computer in the network.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 6

17. What is Tree Topology? Write 2-2 Advantages & Disadvantages.

Tree Topology has combined features of bus and star topologies. Multiple star topologies are combined together
through central cable or bus. Tree network looks like a tree structure as shown in figure.

Advantages:
i. It allows more devices to be connected to the central Hub.

Disadvantages:
i. It is more expensive because more hubs are required to be installed in the network.

18. What is Mesh Topologies. Write 2-2 Advantages & Disadvantages.

In mesh topologies, each node is directly connected to every other node on the network. This type of network
involves the concept of routes. It is rarely used in LAN.

Advantages:
i. It is easy to Troubleshoot as compared with other networks.
ii. It provides multiple routers, If one blocked than other will be used for communication.

Disadvantages:
i. It becomes very expensive because large number of cabling and i/o units are required.
ii. It is difficult to install and configure.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 7

19. What is Router?

A Router is an electronic device. It is used to connect two or more different or similar networks. It stores the
addressing or routing information of each other in a network.

20. What is Gaterway?

A Gateway is an electronic device. It is used to connect twor or more different types of networks. It is used
receives addresses of the computers and converts into a format that other computers can undrestand.

21. What is Bridge?

A Bridge is and electronic device. It is used to connect two similar network segments. It also controls the data
flow between them. It received both addresess sender and receiver.

22. What is LAN? Give Advantages & Disadvantages.

LAN stands for Local Area Network. It is a type of computer network that covers a small area. It is most
common type of computer network. The nodes are connected with each other using cables.

Advantages:
i. The resources like printer can be shared among the different users.
ii. Data and software install in the central computer can be shared between the other computers on the network.
iii. Data security can be implemented very easily.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 8

23. What are the Components of LAN?

i. Communication Media:
Communication Media means the wires in which used in LANs to conncect computers with network as used
Twisted Pair Cables,Coxial Cables and Fiber Optical Cables.

ii. Network-Interface Card (NIC):

NIC stands for Network Interface Card. This cards are used to enable the computers to communicate with each
other over the LAN. NIC is a circuit board that install in the motherboard of the computers.

iii. HUB & Switch:

A network Hub or Switch is a communication [Link] provides a central connection point for connecting
computers / nodes together in a computer network. It is also called Connector.

24. What is WAN?

WAN stands for Wide Area Network. WAN is type of the computerr network that covers a large area.
The computers or terminals conncected to this type of network can be in different cities or conteries. The large
computer in which the terminal attached is called Host Computer and other single computer called Terminal.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 9

25. What is MAN? Give Advantages and Disadvantages.

MAN stands for Metropolitan Area [Link] is communication network system. It covers area of the
single city. MAN connects one or more LANs in a city or town. It covers smaller area than WAN but it
covers larger are than LAN with the very high speed.

Advantages:
i. MAN covers large area than LAN.
ii. Its data speed is very high than LAN.
Disadvantages:
i. MAN is more expensive than LAN.
ii. It is difficult to maintain than LAN.

26. What is Network Protocol?

A set of rules for exchanging data between computers in a network is called Network Protocols. These rules
are defined in the network software. Ethernet , Token Ring , ARCnet are the exaples of network protocols.

27. What is Ethernet?

Ethernet is the most popular and commonly used LAN protocol. It uses a high-speed network cable and the
Bus Topologies. This protocols is very simple than other protocols.

28. What is Token Ring?

Token Ring is widely used LAN protocol. It is used in local area network using Ring Topology. A computer
must get a token to transfer data to the other computer on the network.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 10

29. What is ARCnet?

ARCnet stands for Attached Resource Computer Network. It is a LAN protocol. It uses twisted pair wire or
coxial cable media and star topology. It is very slow in a speeed.

30. What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet [Link]/IP is the basic communication
language or protocol of the Internet. It is also used in Intranet or Extranet. TCP/IP is manage the data
transmission over the Internet.

31. What is ISDN Lines?

ISDN stands for Intergrated Services Digital Network. It is a set of standards for digital transmission over the
telophone line. Its data transmission speed is very fast.

32. What is DSL?

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local telophone
network. It allows Internet and telophone service to work over the same phone line in small businesses.

33. What is OSI Model?

OSI stands for Open System Interconnection. It was developed by the International Standard Organization(OSI)
in 1983. OSI is the standards model of the data communication. It is most widely accepted model.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA

# Computer Networks Computer Science Part -1 (ICS , FA (IT) , General Science Groups) 11

34. What are the layers or OSI Model?

i. Application Layer ii. Presentation Layer iii. Session Layer iv. Transport Layer
v. Network Layer vi. Data Link Layer vii. Physical Layer.

35. Explain the Layers of OSI Model? Descuss how information reached and moves to the destination.

The above diagram shows an ovrall view ot the layers of OSI Model. The sender sends data at layer 7.
The data and information moves from layer to layer in descending sequentional order. The data is in the form of
electromgnatic signals. The physical layer receives data in the form of binary bits and than moves from layer to
layer, So than receiver can receiver the accurate data.

[Link] Ahmed
[Link]@[Link] BS (CS) / MSc (Comp) D.I.T.

UNIQUE SCIENCE ACADEMY SADDAR GOGERA OKARA