Name: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
Unit Code: A/503/7082
Assignment Submission form
NAME: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
Business Management, University 1st and 2nd Year (Level 4
TITLE OF COURSE: and 5)
Corporate Social Responsibility
TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT:
9th August 2022
DATE OF INITIAL SUBMISSION
12th August 2022
DATE OF 1st RESUBMISSION
13th August 2022
DATE OF 2nd RESUBMISSION
DATE OF 3rd RESUBMISSION
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Name: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
Unit Code: A/503/7082
Corporate Social Responsibility
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Name: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
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Contents Page
Introduction
1. Formal Report 4
2. Regulatory framework for CSR 4
3. Analysis of environmental issues 5
4. Analysis of social and community issues 7
5. Changing attitudes 7
6. Success of Nike in managing CSR issues 8
7. Conclusion & Recommendation 8
8. Benefits of CSR to employees 9
9. Impact of CSR on supply chain 9
10. How CSR policy will impact Senior Management Team and Business 10
Performance
11. Review of CSR strategy and recommended changes 11
12. Potential impact of the changes of CSR on business 12
performance
13. Extent of voluntarism 13
14. References 14
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REPORT FOR THE SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM AT SPORTS CLOTHING
MANUFACTURER
For the attention of: The Senior staff and line managers at
From: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
1. Terms of Reference
This report provides information on:
1.1 The analysis of the regulatory framework for CSR
1.2 The analysis of environmental issues in CSR
1.3 The analysis of social and community issues in CSR
1.4 The assessment of changing attitudes of CSR
1.5 An evaluation of the success of a chosen organisation in managing CSR issues
2. Procedure
2.1 Regulatory framework for CSR were observed in the UK.
2.2 Environment issues in CSR was analysed.
2.3 Social and community issues in CSR were analysed.
2.4 Changing attitudes of CSR were assessed.
2.5 Nike success in managing CSR issues was evaluated.
3. Findings
CSR is defined by Lord Holme and Richard Watts in Making good business sense as,
“Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave
ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the
workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.”
CSR helps organisations balance the economic, environmental, and social principles known
as the Triple Bottom Line Approach while meeting the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders.
3.1 As per the investigations and reports in the press concerning the corporate social
responsibility issues facing the business:
Analyse the regulatory framework for CSR (AC1.1)
Human rights legislation - It talks about the rights that human have and the conditions of workers
working in factories. The International human rights law states business enterprises' obligation
toward their employees. Businesses must promote and protect the individuals or groups' human
rights and the liberty that they have. The International Human Rights Bill have some rights that
concerns us:
1. Every human is equal and our rights can't be snatched.
2. Every employee deserves to be paid equally for the same amount of work in a safe
environment.
3. Every organisation has a responsibility to protect human rights.
This bill protect people from abuse, discrimination, and exploitation.
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Workers have reported abuse, being paid low salaries, and working in unsafe conditions.
Failing to ensure a minimum salary needed for a decent life (this statement goes against the
right to work and the right to equality in the human rights legislation.)
Compliance with employment legislation - Workers in the company reported abuse and low
wages. This is covered in both the Human rights legislation and the employment laws. UK
employment laws protect both the employees and the employer. It protects the workers’ rights
from the moment he is hired and makes sure that the employee gets fair pay and works in a
safe environment. For example, In the UK, companies must pay the National Minimum Wage
based on a worker’s age. The employment legislation protects employers by defining the
responsibilities that they have towards their staff and how to protect themselves as business
owners.
Health and Safety legislation – The workers reported poor working conditions. This goes
against both the Human Rights legislation and the Health and Safety legislation. The Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974 is in regard to the health and Safety of employees at work. The
legislation ensures that employers prevent employees from being injured by providing a safe
workplace. For e.g., Employers must inform employees of any danger presented by
equipment or processes, and they should be trained on how to use equipment that could
endanger their safety.
Environment protection –CSR works to balance ecological considerations with economic
success. Reducing consumption of energy and investing in renewable resources like solar
panels, can reduce your carbon footprint. Many manufacturing companies destroys the
environment with all sorts of pollution. They can look for other ways to do business by
avoiding destroying nature.
ISO 26000 Social responsibility – voluntary guidance
ISO 26000 is recognized worldwide, and it provides specifications for social responsibility. It
contributes to sustainable development by motivating businesses to practice social
responsibility to enhance the control of their communities, environments, and workers.
3.2 Analyse environmental issues in CSR (AC1.2)
It does not matter where a business is situated; its decisions and operations will affect the
environment; for example, by the generation of pollution and waste that will damage natural habitats.
Environmental CSR aims to minimise any damage affecting the environment from your business
operations. Activities may focus on:
1) Recycling policies
Organisations are being pressured to adopt environmentally acceptable waste management
policies and to reduce the amount of waste they produce. Wastes can be minimized through reuse
or recycling. Companies are being pressured to recycle as much of their waste as possible for a
more sustainable environment. For example, Recycling containers for paper, cans, glass, and
plastic bottles should be placed in convenient locations throughout the premises.
2) Sustainability
Environmental sustainability is focused on whether environmental resources will be protected and
maintained for future generations. Depleting water levels, non-disposed of toxic and chemical
wastes, and the supply of clean energy are some of the environmental issues forced globally. CSR
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has taken the initiative to reduce the harm done to the environment by undertaking to protect the
integrity of the Earth. Encouraging more sustainable environmental practices. For example,
moving toward renewable energy, like solar and wind power, rather than relying on non-
renewable energy sources, which create pollution. Encouraging more sustainable environmental
practices. For example, moving toward renewable energy, like solar and wind power, rather than
relying on non-renewable energy sources, which create pollution.
3) Use of packaging
In the food and personal goods sector, businesses are making changes to the packaging they use.
Businesses that traditionally use plastic are turning towards alternatives such as glass, recycled
plastic, or aggregates. For example, companies should cut down on excess packaging and ensure
that biodegradable packaging is used wherever possible. Eco-friendly packaging can protect
products just as effectively.
4) Logistics of delivery, congestion
Product delivery can be adjusted by looking at eco-friendly transportation alternatives. Delivery
drivers are driving more miles leading to congested streets and higher carbon production. The
increase in the last mile delivery vehicles is adding to the traffic congestion. With current focus
on fast deliveries, roads are being congested. Many delivery trucks leave almost empty because
companies are prioritizing delivery speed over full trucks. Ensuring delivery trucks leave with a
full cargo area is a seemingly simple step but one that can make a big impact
5) Pollution
Many products contain toxic chemicals or release them during manufacturing processes. But
some clothing companies are reducing dangerous pollutants by switching to non-toxic dyes. Many
businesses practicing CSR strive to reduce or eliminate toxic substances in the air, soil, and water.
The natural environment is being increasingly polluted by human beings. The rapidly increasing
population is disturbing the balance in nature. Some types of environmental problems are as
follows:
a) Land Pollution
Dumping of urban waste and industrial waste are the main cause of land pollution.
b) Air Pollution
Air pollution is caused by carbon dioxide which is released by human beings. Factories and all
types of vehicles release harmful gases into the air.
c) Water Pollution
Industrial wastes containing toxic chemicals are released into rivers.
6) Carbon footprint
Reducing the amount of waste produced is one part of improving your carbon footprint. In the
supply chain, the last mile delivery is where the highest carbon emissions are. Lowering your
carbon footprint by moving to an all-electric transportation line. Another example of reducing
carbon footprint is using renewable energy like solar panels instead of electricity.
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3.3 An analysis of social and community issues in CSR (AC1.3).
Employing socially disadvantaged and disabled people
Employing people with disabilities can significantly improve the economy, community, and
individuals’ lives. Recruiting disabled workers creates a positive image for your business,
showing that the company offers a more diverse workforce. This will attract potential customers,
employees, and business associates. Disabled people often create strong connections with
customers, which can bring additional insights into your customers.
Sponsorship
Companies often sponsor events, or charity causes to reach specific business goals and increase
their competitive advantage. Businesses pay to support a specific cause that their customers care
about. Your business is then associated with the vent by customers, attendees, and the media. For
example, Brands use Fashion week sponsorships to strut their stuff and reach influencers.
Encouraging education and training
Employers identify the knowledge and skills they want their employees to have by providing
training and development. Training programs can educate employees about new skills or provide
updates on existing skills to enhance productivity. From conferences to training courses, there are
countless tactics that companies typically leverage to develop talent. You get less turnover from
your best people by providing your staff to continue education and growth opportunities. It also
raises the bar for your organisation’s employer brand by informing prospective employees that
you support their ongoing learning and advancement. For example, a company that promotes a
robust learning culture as part of its recruitment efforts needs to back that up with tangible
learning opportunities and an employee education program that supports this.
Volunteering
Volunteering your time and your employee's time to community events or local causes says a lot
about your business's sincerity. When your company does kind deeds without hoping for
anything, you express concern and support for specific issues and social causes.
Social enterprise
Social enterprises are businesses that place people's interests and that of the planet ahead of
shareholder gain. These Businesses have environmental and social goals, and they reinvest their
profits into a solid social or environmental mission, i.e., trading to create benefits for people and
the planet. For example, some create job opportunities for those in need or make clean water more
accessible. And while many ethical businesses out there focus on responsible sourcing, safe and
fair working conditions, and eco-friendly production, social enterprises take it a step further to
make an "impact" on the bottom line.
Assess changing attitudes to CSR 1M1
Opportunity for growth
CSR is an excellent way for the company to build its brand and reputation. By taking various
actions in the CSR program, the company creates a strong and positive image for consumers and
the public. The business can make a name for itself by being financially profitable and socially
conscious. When the company does good deeds, the media pay more attention to it, and the press
becomes instrumental in getting more audiences to know about the company's good works.
Getting good impress through doing good deeds is a great way to advertise the company.
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Publishing your credentials for corporate social responsibility also makes the company distinctive
from its competitors.
Opportunity to engage with customers
In today’s socially conscious environment, consumers often spend their money with organisations
that support and engage in activities to improve society. CSR has a significant influence on
consumer buying decisions. Loyalty and trust of consumers help in creating excellent company
branding. Consumers are loyal to the brand that sticks to them for all the right and positive
reasons. For instance, by providing free education programs for sick children, the company will
appeal to customers who care about young people and positive social changes. The better the
company image in the mind of customers is, the more customers are willing to make more sales
with the company.
Opportunity for innovation
CSR implementation contributes to improved innovation by seizing opportunities and avoiding
risk. A CSR strategy can help a company to capitalize economically and enable corporations to
discover opportunities for innovation that they could have missed. CSR-related considerations can
operate as a “radar” to detect evolving trends in the market.
Evaluate the success of a chosen organisation in managing CSR issues 1D1
In the past, Nike faced some controversies related to child labor, low wages, and unsafe working
conditions (poor air quality), which led to consumers' resistance to its products. In addition, the
brand was known for slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse. Thus, Nike decided to
plan a CSR strategy under which it raises minimum working age requirements and sets formal
targets to improve the conditions of factory workers overseas.
Nike began to focus on implementing the company's responsibility for employees. Nike created
conditions for laborers to work in better conditions and ensure people's health. Consumers began
to trust Nike through its annual report on corporate social responsibility, and Nike's business
began to recover. So far, Nike is one of the world's largest selling sports shoes and clothing.
Conclusion:
The company has several major issues regarding the regulatory framework and the environment.
Recommendation:
The company must adopt a CSR policy that guarantees that the company will work ethically, and
will consider human rights as well as social, economic, and environmental impacts.
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Assess the benefits of CSR to our employees (AC2.1)
A business must ensure maximum employee satisfaction – assigning them jobs that suit their skills,
paying them a fair salary that satisfies their needs, and offering them the security of service and
opportunities for career growth with ideal working conditions.
Doing good feels good is a vital feature of CSR for workers’ engagement and job satisfaction.
Candidates like to work for a company with solid principles and business ethics. The more involved
workers are, the happier and more productive they will be; this will benefit the company.
Companies can display CSR by treating workers fairly and ethically with no discrimination and that
they are paid equally for the same amount of work.
Companies have adopted a whistleblowing policy to allow anyone to report any unethical or illegal
work freely. This policy guides employees on how to report wrongdoing on a company level at the
time of the incident. This policy will help to create an open work environment that will motivate
workers to report on wrongdoings.
Analyze the impact of CSR on our supply chain (AC2.2)
Ethics in production
Ethics in production ensure that production activities does not damage the consumer or the society.
Companies must follow a specific code of standards to ensure that poor procedures and technology
are not used to cut down costs, as most of the time, this is achieved at the expense of quality.
Production ethics governs all the production functions and needs to be monitored continuously.
Certain processes are involved in producing goods, and even a small mistake in the same can severely
reduce the quality and exponentially increase the risk associated with usage.
Responsible sourcing
Responsible sourcing is a process of sourcing and supply chains. Businesses actively source and
procure products and services from suppliers for their processes in an ethical, sustainable, and social
manner. The organisation ensures its practices, both in business and supply chain, do not affect people
and the environment. Companies must view their operations such as environmental impact, health and
safety, and labour standards to recognise the social and environmental dangers within these areas and
take steps to minimise them. Sourcing more responsibly can bring operational, reputational, and
financial improvements.
Reduced transport cost
In the Goods Transport sector, there has been a growth in the traffic flow due to an increase of
customers’ demands. Instead of using two or more small vehicles to go to same regions or nearby, we
can use a bigger one for all deliveries. This will help to reduce transport cost. Companies must work
with the right mode of transport for the rights activity based on their expertise, capability and volume.
Reduced carbon footprint
Companies can offset their carbon footprint by responsibly managing their carbon emissions locally,
such as turning lights off during daylight or using LED lights or opening windows during
summertime rather than using the aircon, using solar panels and reducing printing.
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Use of technology in supply chain management
A digital supply chain platform is crucial for a sustainable supply chain. It helps to communicate,
improve visibility, to have insights to stay one step ahead, in decision making, and solve problems. A
digital supply chain platform with a corporate responsibility solution makes all stakeholders more
responsible and ensures that they meet their commitments. Businesses can grab new opportunities,
respond to market dynamics, and manage their global supply chain more profitably.
Explain how a CSR policy will impact on the Senior Management Team and business
performance (AC2.3)
Improved sales
When businesses improve their corporate image, it increases sales, attracts more customers, and
interest in company stock. CSR helps strengthen the company’s image in front of consumers and
suppliers. Customers like to be related to a company that is ethical and has a positive image.
Customers buy more from firms that take part in social corporate responsibility than those that don’t.
In addition, consumers want good quality products with low prices and solutions to their
environmental and human-health concerns.
Improved profits
Firms that use CSR in their processes, gain good investment returns. Companies increase profits by
maintaining good rapport with the environment and society they work in. The customers focus on
how companies behave socially and politically and avoid companies with a bad image. Firms that use
CSR promote positive values and attract more customers which helps the company to make a profit.
Conflicts of interest between stakeholders
CSR can create a conflict between different shareholders. One main reason is that each stakeholder
group must ensure that their interests are accommodated by the firms. Most of the time their interests
collide with each other which leads to conflict. For example, Clients will be unhappy when the quality
of the goods is lowered or when there is an increase in price Suppliers who fail to deliver good quality
products on time will get into trouble with the management.
Competitive edge
Companies that are adopting CSR have a competitive edge over other businesses. If the firm adopts an
approach while keeping in mind the positive impact on society and the environment, the company will
achieve an advantage over its rivals. For example, if an organisation contributes to a charity cause or
if an organisation act in the interest of stakeholders, then the company is said to gain an advantage
over its competitors.
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Review the CSR policy of a specific business. (AC 3.1)
The Sustainability program and Corporate Social Responsibility of Nike resonate along the
organisation's core belief that "sports can change the world for the better." Nike mainly contributes
and changes its CSR strategy based on three specific areas such as “environmental sustainability,
community investment, and diversity and inclusion” ([Link], 2022). Corporate governance
programs and CSR of Nike mainly concentrated on providing a tolerant and healthy workplace for
their representatives. On the other hand, the organisation finds and includes resources in modifying
the factory by providing change and consideration.
In 2020, Nike introduced two modern CSR programs, “their Juneteenth learning drive, and their
Oblivious Predisposition Mindfulness preparing project” to develop a huge prominent comprehension
of commercial correspondence along with a social change. However, in 2020-21, Nike developed and
introduced a five-year strategic development programme for creating greater variety in its labour
force. Moreover, it incorporated an objective of half percentage of women and 35% share of racial
and ethnic minorities in Nike’s corporate labour force in the future 2025 (Pratap, 2018). Nike reported
revenue or sell of $125 million over the last five years to help the company to contribute on "levelling
the playing field.”
Recommended changes to CSR policy to benefit different stakeholders (AC 3.2)
● It is recommended that CSR policies such as social responsibility and CSR sustainability also
help improve business growth in the global market. Based on the report, it was also
understood that Nike increased their representation to 49.5% in ethnic groups (Carroll, 2021).
Adapting new advanced business practices also helps to changes in CSR policy to maintain
the business sustainability. New business practices also help to improving the sustainable
innovation in business development.
● It is also recommended that CSR policies are responsible for conflict with the minerals
suppliers to increase their responsibilities in the additional information and resources for
minerals (Lu et al. 2019). As an example, Nike's companies adopt a sustainable policy for
their manufacturing and minerals resources identification as well as supplier responsibilities
increases in their business. On the other hand, ethical leadership also helps to increasing
proper guidance to employees to better performance and increasing business opportunities.
Ethics in productions and sales also helps to suppliers for maintaining supply chain
management. Based on this policy Nike also changes the ways of supplier standards
leadership that are implemented in the manufacturing process as well as their supply chain
management.
● As an example, Nike has adopted a CSR sustainability policy and introduce environmental
sustainability programs that increase their production rates and customer interaction. Ethics in
production and sales also helps to increasing employee’s performance and leaders also
changes the motivational levels of the employees that helps to increasing marketing
opportunity. Nike also changed their supply chain management and adopted a new innovative
supply chain strategy that helped to increase its gross income.
● As an example, Nike used the diversity and inclusion program based on its environmental
sustainability in 2020. With this sustainability program, customers are attracted to their brand
equity which increases their marketing growth (ElAlfy et al. 2020). CSR policy can engage
the ethical corporate philanthropy that increasing brand equity and environmental
sustainability. On the other hand, CSR policy improving customer attraction and engagement
with this brand. It is recommended that if this sports company adopts the environmental
sustainability and CSR policy then they will also achieve higher numbers of customers and
also increase their marketing growth.
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● Based on the CSR sustainable policy, Nike is involved in the proper health and safety
protocol for their employees and provided them with paid time off facilities during the
pandemic (Marissa, 2021). Nike also provided them with a sustainable policy for employees
and provided them with free virtual counselling facilities to reduce stress which increased
employee satisfaction and motivation. It also increased their employees' engagement as well
as their productivity rates (Carroll, 2021). CSR policy also helps to conduct codes for brand
quality and product numbers code that helps to increasing understanding about the brand
equity of the business.
● It is recommended that this company adopt a CSR sustainable policy in their business and
adopt new environmental protocols that reduce environmental waste (Lu et al. 2019). As an
example, Nike used this policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also operate
renewable target energy by 2025. CSR policy also helps to increasing the environmental
reporting strategy that helps to maintain the waste reduction activity and also helps to
improving the sustainability of this business. This company also focused on the
environmental sustainability policy in their business and tracks the environmental waste
reduction rates during manufacturing then it will help to increase their business in the global
market. Environmental sustainability also attracts the customers and promotes a better
understanding of environmental waste reducing rates.
Assess the potential impact of changes in CSR on business performance (AC 3.3)
● Enhanced public image
CSR improves consumers' thinking process by changing attitudes toward the organisation. In 2020,
Nike brings two new CSR programs. One is the Juneteenth learning initiative and the second one is
the unconscious Bias Awareness training program which helps enhance public image (Kong et al.
2021). Moreover, Nike committed around 100000 coaches to give proper training to help the various
communities which are much needed and its increased public image (Dean, 2022). Company efforts
include $5.7 million to donate footwear and around 30 million dollars for medicine and medical and
food (Pratap, 2018).
● Increased sales or profit
Several social responsibility arrangements encourage the employee's morale and lead them to perform
more productively. It also deals with the company on how a profitable company can do. Taking
various CSR programs can also bolster an image of a company and also helps to build a brand. Which
helps the company to boost its sales and that results in profit.
● Risk management
It also has an impact on companies to have more opportunities to stay ahead of the other competition
with help of cultivating superiority and having superior brand recognition. Companies also take
various diversity and other inclusion programs. Which helps the company to manage a better Risk
management.
● Competitive edge
The effective impact of CSR responsibilities helps the organisation to have a greater sustainable
business with better competitive edge. It also makes a good image of the company among
stakeholders and also improves the company's reputation. Which helps the company to manage a
better Competitive edge (Marissa, 2021). It also helps to grow moral values in employees which
enhances the product quality and helps to stay ahead of other companies.
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● Increased costs
Various CSR programs help to enhance the product quality. It also helps to increase its usability and
that helps the company to increase its cost price. For better quality, everybody wants to pay more
without any hesitation. Therefore, company easily manage the increase of the product price.
● Improve recruitment and retention of staff
From 2020 to 2021 Nike laid several plans for producing various diversity in their workforce and
which intended to achieve a goal of 50% job placement of women in their corporate workforce.
Moreover, with this recruit around 35% representation of various racial and other ethical minorities in
the Nike workforce by 2025 (Hsu et al. 2022). Along with that, other various CSR programs help in
improving recruitment and retention of staff.
Assess the extent of voluntarism in CSR policy (3D1)
In case of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the statement of voluntarism was predominant
whereas it shows that responsible corporate activities were discretionary whereas reach beyond the
rule. In addition, these principle fails to justify that governments holds a great interest in CSR and
exercise that help to accelerate CSR activities of any specific firms. In case of present case, cloth
manufacturing organisation needs to manage connection with government to avail political supports
and legal permissions. This legal permission is also essential to mange current trends for the clothing
brands.
Based on this study, it is recommended that the sports company adopt a CSR sustainable policy that
will impact on the customer satisfaction, increase employee motivation, as well as maintain the
environmental sustainability. These factors also help to increase business growth in the global market.
As an example, Nike can adopt a CSR sustainability policy and introduce environmental sustainability
programs that increase their production rates and customer interaction. CSR policy can change the
marketing growth as well as change the supply chain management strategy and also increase the
supplier's responsibilities that are implemented on the global market. Nike also changed their supply
chain management and adopted a new innovative supply chain strategy that helped to increase its
gross income.
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Name: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
Unit Code: A/503/7082
Vishal Patel; Ivalua; What is Responsible sourcing?; [Link]
responsible-sourcing/
MSG; Ethics and Production; [Link]
Kezia Farnham; Diligent; Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Debunked;
[Link]
Logility; The Technology You Need For A Sustainable Supply Chain;
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Ahmad Nasrudin; Penpoin; What are the reasons for the conflict among stakeholders;
[Link]
Jerry Grzegorzek; Business Management, Business Organization and Stakeholders; What to consider
when dealing with stakeholder conflict?; [Link]
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MBA Knowledge Base; Corporate Social Responsibility as a Source of Competitive Advantage;
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Marissa Dean, 2021, Nike Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability,
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[Link], 2018, Sustainability Policies of Nike,
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[Link], 2022, About us, [Link]
Abhijeet Pratab, Notesmatic; Nike CSR and sustainability; [Link]
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Carroll, A.B., 2021. Corporate social responsibility: Perspectives on the CSR construct’s development
and future. Business & Society, 60(6), pp.1258-1278.
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Name: Antoaroo Bibi Nawsheen
Unit Code: A/503/7082
ElAlfy, A., Palaschuk, N., El-Bassiouny, D., Wilson, J. and Weber, O., 2020. Scoping the evolution
of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research in the sustainable development goals (SDGs)
era. Sustainability, 12(14), p.5544.
Hsu, B.X., Chen, Y.M. and Chen, L.A.L., 2022. Corporate social responsibility and value added in the
supply chain: Model and mechanism. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, p.121302.
Kong, L., Sial, M.S., Ahmad, N., Sehleanu, M., Li, Z., Zia-Ud-Din, M. and Badulescu, D., 2021. CSR
as a potential motivator to shape employees’ view towards nature for a sustainable workplace
environment. Sustainability, 13(3), p.1499.
Lu, J., Ren, L., Lin, W., He, Y. and Streimikis, J., 2019. Policies to promote corporate social
responsibility (CSR) and assessment of CSR impacts.
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