Pasig City Science Expo 2016

Title : INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF CHILI

(Capsicum Annuum), GARLIC (Allium Sativum),
GINGER (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), and
ONION ( Allium Cepa) AGAINST
COCKROACHES

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

CATEGORY – HEALTH SCIENCE

Proponents

Juan Laurenz G. Dela Cruz

Rainie Stefanie A. Matriz
Chenney Laurine DL. Prado
Pinagbuhatan High School

ERLINDA T. OFAMEN
Research Adviser

1
 ABSTRACT
TITLE : “INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF CHILI (Capri
Cum Annuum),GARLIC (Allium Sativum),
GINGER ( Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), and ONION ( Allium Cepa)
AGAINST COCK
ROACHES.”
RESEARCHERS : Juan Laurenz G. Dela Cruz,
Rainie Stefanie A. Matriz
Chenney Laurine DL. Prado
ADVISER : ERLINDA T. OFAMEN
SCHOOL : Pinagbuhatan High School
ADDRESS : Urbano Velasco Avenue, Pinagbuhatan Pasig Ciy
This study conducted to find out and prove that common aromatic
spices in the kitchen can also be utilized as potential alternative
insecticides or pesticides to kill insects.
This project’s objective is to prove the potential effects of chilli (Capricum Annuum),
Garlic (Allium Sativum), Ginger ( Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), and Onion ( Allium Cepa)
Against Cockroaches.
This study specifically sought answer to the following problems:1. Is there potential effect
of chilli, garlic, ginger and onion to kill cockroach? 2. Is there possible treatment to be
used to prove the potential of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onion as alternative pesticide to kill
cockroach? the experimentation started in preparing the materials, weigh, washed and let
dry naturally. Cut into pieces blend and collect the extracts by squeezing, using clean dry
cloth as strainer to separate the pulp. Measure the solute and add desired amount of water
to make different kinds of concentrate. Sprinkle the solution to cockroaches to test trials,
observe and collect data.
The data gathered were analyzed and researchers concluded that chilli, garlic, ginger,
and onions have potential effects as alternative pesticides to kill cockroaches.
1. As part of this research project, the student directly handled, manipulated, or interacted with
(check ALL that apply)

Human Subjects Pathogenic agent Recombinant DNA

Nonhuman Animals Hazardous substances and devices

Controlled Substances Human / Animal Tissues

2. Student independently performed all the procedures as outlined in this abstract. Yes No

3. This proje3ct was conducted at a registered Research Institution. Yes No

4. Is this project continuation? Yes No

I/We hereby certify that the above statements are correct and the information provide in the
abstract is the result of one year’s research.

JUAN LAURENZ G. DELA CRUZ September 15, 2016

2
Signature of Team Leader Date

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Hear felt gratitude and sincerest appreciation are due to those who have

contributed to the writing of this research study for their unselfish help that in

one way or another have contributed to the completion of this research work.

This research would not be possible without the guidance and help afforded

by the following:

Mrs. Rowena T. Tiempo, head and coordinator of Science Department for

her guidance and suggestions; for providing educational and technical expertise

from the conception of this research study to its completion.

Dr. Florencia T. Laxamana, Principal of Pinagbuhatan High School for her

down to earth attitude in supporting all the endeavour of all the Science teachers

especially to the making of this research work.

To all Science teachers of Pinagbuhatan High School who have greatly

helped the researchers with their undying support and knowledge imparted to

the researchers.

To the parents of the researchers, who have given their full support for

allowing them to work outside their homes and for their generosity to make this

research study come true.

Lastly but certainly not the least; to Mrs. Ligaya A. Gasulas, the adviser of

This research who have given all her time, efforts, full support and knowledge

imparted to this research.

Above all, the researchers would like to acknowledge our God Almighty for

giving the researchers opportunity, wisdom, patience and determination to

3
finish this research study. Thank you so much Dear God.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Health is wealth. As it is frequently uttered as by words of all common

people.” It is better to have good health than to have all the money or wealth in

the world yet you have a lingering illness”. It is very important to take care of

our health. In today’s trend of our environmental issues, newly found illness

and diseases are in the news. We may be complacent and relax because we still

have good health; but we should always be vigilant to guard the small details of

all the contributory factors that will destroy our health, even in our simple

abode have a critical agent to destroy it and soon we will be a victim to their

contamination from the different unwanted insects that comes in and out in our

homes.

Insects, small as they are; yet they are big assets to our nearly rotten

environment. We should be very careful to get rid of them. Economically,

many of us can not afford to buy the very advanced technologically prepared

insecticides them at once. Pesticides are designed to kill and because their mode

of action is not specific to one specie, they often kill or harm organisms other

than pests, including humans.

4
 The application of highly technologies pesticides is often not very précised

and indeed young children, any developing and growing organisms are

particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of pesticides. Children are at

greater risks from exposure to pesticides because of their small size; relative to

their size, children eat, drink, and breathe more than adults. Their bodies and

organs are growing rapidly which also makes them more susceptible; in fact,

children may be exposed to pesticides even while in the womb.

Thus, this research aims to find ways to use affordable, secure, health

friendly alternative insecticides using common aromatic spices in our kitchen.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

When we go around the market place you can easily determine or

see that vegetables and fruit industry are extensively and extremely all around

the place; that even in our kitchen we could also see plenty of vegetables and

fruits stacked in our refrigerator as one of our common commodities used at

home.

With the availability of these common commodities which are most

friendly with people who are in great help for their health; it is but imminent

that insects are also around waiting to be part of those who will get benefits

for their consumptions.

5
 Hence, this project is designed to prove the potentials of many common

aromatic spices such as: the chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions as alternative

household pesticides to kill cockroaches and other insects present in common

households especially those that are in the squatter’s area.

This study specifically sought answer to the following questions:

1. Is chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions have potential as alternative

pesticides to kill cockroaches?

2. What possible treatment can be used to prove the potential of chilli,

garlic, ginger, and onions as alternative pesticides?

HYPOTHESIS

1. Is there potential effect of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions to kill

Cockroaches?

2. Is there possible treatment to be used to prove the potential of chilli,

garlic, ginger, and onions as alternative pesticides to kill cockroaches?

6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM

One of the most sought after in the food industries are the spices that

gives aromatic effects and add the potentiality of each recipe that every

individual prepares in one’s kitchen. Need I say more it is very beneficial to

humans, but does it go for the unwanted and uninvited visitors in our

homes?

Thus, this study aims to prove the potentials insecticidal effects of those
common spices particularly: chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions. Not only to be

used for our recipes in the kitchen but as potential pesticides to combat and

minimize if not to eradicate the unwanted insects in our homes that will give

us more health problems in our environment.

Environmentally, this research could help to eradicate the perennial

problems in our household and the effect it gives to our health especially

the children.

7
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM

This study conducted at Pinagbuhatan High School, Pasig City. Using

and utilizing the common aromatic spices used in every kitchen in our

homes which are available in the market.

Whether these spices have potential effects as alternative pesticides

depends on its chemical reactions to the insects and its usefulness to

mankind.

Definition of Terms
For a better understanding of the problem posed in this research study;
the following terms and concepts were defined conceptually and
operationally:
Aromatic – this refers to the herbal pleasant smell of the material
used in
this study specifically the chili, garlic, ginger, and onions.
Concentration – it refers to the amount of solutes and solvent in
solutions
used in this research.
Eradicate – this refers to the reduction of the prevalent infectious
perennial
problem of done by the cockroaches or other insects.
Mortality – it refers to the number of death after the application of
the
Concentrate of extracts given to the specific number of cockroaches
observed in
the specific period of time.

8
 Pesticidal Effects – refers to the substances meant to attracting,
seducing
and destroying cockroaches and other insects used in this research study.
Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

“Some people used pesticides with little knowledge and understanding

of how dangerous and long – lasting these chemicals are. According to

Carson degree of these pesticides presents remains in the environment.

Organophosphates substances designed to affect the brain and nervous

system of insects and sometimes damage those of humans and animals.”

“Natural pesticides have many advantages over synthetic ones and are

more cost-effective as a whole. Considering the environment cost of

chemical alternative. Natural pesticides are biodegradable which barely

leaves residues in the soil and less likely to harm humans or animals. In

addition they are cheaper and most accessible in all less developed

communities.”

Chili Pepper

Chili peppers are tropical plants that are ideally suited to hot and

humid conditions. However, they are adaptable and will go well even in

semi-arid region. They love nitrogen, a hot and sunny position and a well

draining soil. The seed are mostly dispersed by birds, which love the fruits

9
and don’t seem to be affected by the bites.

Fruits can be harvested either ripe or unripe. The constituents of the

chilli are the vitamin C and A, Capsaicin, capsaicinoids, pigment, and the

capsaicin is concentrated in the placenta of the fruit.

Capsaicin, the compound that makes red pepper “hot” is the

pharmacologically active component. It helps people’s body to adapt to hot

climates by stimulating the cooling centre of the lower body temperature.

The sweating they induce also provides evaporative cooling. Chili stimulates

the flow of saliva juices that aids digestion.

Garlic

The botanical name of garlic is allium sativum, and it belongs to the

allium genus of the Alliaceae family. Throughout the history of garlic, the

herb has been popular across the world for various reasons. It is known by a

lot of names, some of which are alho, Knoblauch, toi, bawang, poondoo, ail.

Aglio, katiem, lasun, chesnok, gratiem, sannisak, and leshun.

The chemical composition of garlic include enzymes, Vitamin Bs,

flavoids and certain minerals. It also contains good levels of antioxidants.

An important bit of information is that it contains many powerful sulphur

containing compounds. The compounds give raw garlic its pungent smell

and taste is also responsible for the many health benefits of garlic. This

10
pungent property of garlic is destroyed when it is cooked. Thus, make it the

reason that cooked garlic loses its pungent quality, also loses a lot of

medicinal properties. To obtain the best garlic benefits, raw garlic is the best.

The powerful odour has proven beneficial in repelling and keeping away

insects.

Garlic is strong antiseptic according to Louis Pasteur who verified its

antiseptic properties in 1858. Garlic is also strong bacterial, antifungal,

antiviral and anti-parasitic herb.

Ginger

The modern English name ginger traces its roots from the Middle

English “ gingivere” but its cultivation and consumption goes back over 300

years. Ginger is popularly cultivated throughout the islands of Caribbean

sea, where it thrives in lush tropical settings. The ancient Indians and

ancient Chinese considered ginger as a tonic root for ailment. It is believed

that ginger is a warming spice and comes from the same family as

cardamom and the turmeric.

Onion

Onion is a family of allium. It is a large and diverse one containing

over 500 species. Because onions are small and their tissues leave little or no

trace, there is no conclusive evidence about the exact location and time of

11
their origin. Many believed onions originated in Central Asia.

Onions are not only provides flavour, they also provide important

nutrients and health promoting phytochemicals. High in vitamin C, onions

are good source of dietary fibers, and folic acid. They also contain calcium,

iron, and have high protein quality. Onions are low in sodium and contain no
fats.

Cockroaches

Under the kingdom animalia, cockroaches belong to the Phylum

Arthropoda, class Insecta, and other Blattodea. The order name is derived

from the Greek blatta.

Cockroaches are omnivorous scavenger and will consume any organic

food source available to them. Although they prefer sweets, meats and

starches, they are also known to consume other items such as hair, books
and
decaying matter. Cockroaches eat what is available to them; cockroaches

that inhabits sewers feed on seawage, while species living on dead trees

consume decaying woods.

When left with no water, cockroaches can live days to a week. When

given water but deprived of food, some cockroaches can survive for months

at a time. However, they will perish more quickly if given dry food but

deprived of water.

12
 Cockroaches are not only undesirable pests but a threat to human

health by consuming our food and contaminating the indoor environment.

Chapter 3

Methodology

This study determine the potential insecticidal effects of the common

aromatic kitchen spices as a source of potential pesticide to kill the unwanted

insects in our homes which undergone experimentation, test and trials to prove the

insecticidal effects of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions as source of potential

pesticides that help our perennial problem that affects the health stability in our

homes.

Materials:

Chili, garlic, ginger, onion, blender, graduated cyinder, plastic bottles, petri

dishes, gloves, health mask, weighing balance, water, knife, funnel, strainer,and

live cockroaches.

Procedure:

13
 Prepare the spices. Weigh, wash and let it dry naturally. Peel and then cut

into small pieces to accommodate into the blender. Collect the extract by squeezing

the blended materials. Use clean cloth as strainer to separate the pulp of each of

the spices. Measure the solute and add the desired amount of water to make

different kinds of concentrate. Sprinkle the solution to the cockroaches to test

trials. Test the effect and observe. Collect data.

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

In this chapter include the table data presentation. Using test of trials

Utilizing three different kinds of concentrate of solution 50 ml, 100 ml, and 150

[Link] eradicate if not to kill cockroaches.

PRESENTATION OF DATA

Table 1

Data using concentrate diluted in 50ml.

Trial Time of Death Number of Dead

Per minute cochroach

1 3 2 out of 2
2 3.5 2 out of 2
3 4 2 out of 2

14
 Table shows that using 50ml of concentrate of chilli, garlic, ginger,

and onions had 100% mortality after 3–4 minutes of application.

Table 2

Data using concentrate diluted in 100 ml.

Trial Time of Death Number of Dead

Per minute cochroach
1 36 2 out of 2
2 40 2 out of 2
3 44 2 out of 2

Data shows that using concentrate with 100ml. concentrate of

chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions had longer mortality time after

the application.

Table 3

Data using concentrate diluted in 150 ml.

Trial Time of Death Number of dead

Per Minute cochcroach
1 58 2 out of 2
2 1.20 hrs. 1 out of 2
3 2.3 hrs. 1 out of 2

Data shows that using 150 ml. concentrate of chilli, garlic, ginger, and

onions had longest mortality 2.3 hours after the application.

15
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

Based on the findings, analysis and interpretation of the research study the

Following findings are summarized:

1. The extract of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions have potential effects to

cockroaches.

2. The extracts of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions have properties to

eradicate cockroaches.

3. The higher the concentrate of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onions extracts

the shortest time effect to kill cockroaches.

4. The lower the concentration of chili, garlic, ginger, and onion extracts the

the longest time it took to effect to eradicate cockroaches.

CONCLUSION

16
 The researchers can therefore conclude based on the findings of the

experiment that a 50 ml. concentration of chilli, garlic, ginger, and onion extracts is

more effective alternative insecticides against cockroaches.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings and conclusion of the research study the following

Recommendations are offered:

1. The researchers highly recommends for the future researchers to have a

more detailed comprehensive comparable study on the specific longevity

and duration of the extract to be used to eradicate the problems on

cockroaches.

2. Using the concentrate of 10ml. of the solute mixed with 50 ml of solvent

(water) is more effective organic alternative insecticide compared to the

mixture of 100 ml and 150 ml. concentrate.

3. The researchers recommends that whoever decides to further the research

has to use other kinds of insects with considerable number of

populations.

17
References

National Academy of Science (1992)

Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Cambridge. MA: Clear Air Gardening. 2008.

Hooper,Tony. “Psh-Pull: Using Plants as Natural Pesticides.” The Naked

Scientist

“How to use Garlic as Natural Pesticides.” [Link]. Dec. 2009.

Wikipedia

[Link].

18
pictures

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
z

32
33
 ABSTRACT

TITLE : “INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF CHILI (Capri

Cum Annuum),GARLIC (Allium Sativum),
GINGER ( Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), and
ONION ( Allium Cepa) AGAINST COCK
ROACHES.”
RESEARCHERS : Juan Laurenz G. Dela Cruz,
Rainie Stefanie A. Matriz
Chenney Laurine DL. Prado
ADVISER : Erlinda T. Ofamen
SCHOOL : Pinagbuhatan High School
ADDRESS : Urbano Velasco Avenue, Pinagbuhatan Pasig Ciy
This study conducted to find out and prove that commonaromatic
spices in the kitchen can also be utilized as potential alternative
insectides or pesticides to kill insects.
This project’s objective is to prove the potential effects of chilli
(Capricum Annuum), Garlic (Allium Sativum), Ginger ( Zingiber
Officinale Roscoe), and Onion ( Allium Cepa) Against Cockroaches.
This study specifically sought answer to the following probles:1. Is there
potential effect of chilli,garlic,ginger and onion to kill cockroach? 2. Is
there possible treatment to be used to prove the potential of
chilli,garlic,ginger, and onion as alternative pesticide to kill cockroach?the
experimentation started in preparing the materials, weigh, washed and let
dry naturally. Cut into pieces blend and collect the extracts by squeezing
using clean dry cloth as strainer to separate the pulp. Measure the solute
and add desired amount of water to make different kinds of
[Link] the solution to cockroaches
To test trials,observe and collect data.
The data gathered were analyzed and researchers concluded that
chilli,garlic,ginger, and onions has potential effect as alternative pesticides
to kill cockroaches.

34
35
36