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Introduction to Lab Electrical Equipment

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on electrical engineering equipment. It describes the objectives of becoming familiar with lab hardware, including a DC power supply, breadboard, multimeters, oscilloscope, and LCR meter. It then provides detailed specifications and instructions for operating each piece of equipment, including how to measure voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Students are assigned exercises to use the equipment and record measurements in a data table.

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Kashif Mujeeb Abdul Mujeeb
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98 views5 pages

Introduction to Lab Electrical Equipment

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on electrical engineering equipment. It describes the objectives of becoming familiar with lab hardware, including a DC power supply, breadboard, multimeters, oscilloscope, and LCR meter. It then provides detailed specifications and instructions for operating each piece of equipment, including how to measure voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Students are assigned exercises to use the equipment and record measurements in a data table.

Uploaded by

Kashif Mujeeb Abdul Mujeeb
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Cover and Submission Profile
  • Learning Objectives and Equipment Overview
  • Equipment Details and Procedures
  • Oscilloscope and Additional Procedures
  • LCR and Exercises

Sukkur Institute of Business Administration University

Department of Electrical Engineering

Applied Physics BE-I

Hand-out # 01:

Instructor: Engr: Qasir Ali

Note: Submit this lab hand-out in the next lab with attached solved activities
and exercises

Submission Profile

Name: Submission date:

Enrollment ID : Receiving authority name and signature:

Comments:

________________________________________________________________________________

Instructor Signature
Lab learning objectives:
The objective of this experiment is to become familiar with laboratory equipment’s which are
used in Applied Physics labs.
Lab hardware and software required:
DC power supply, Breadboard, Multi meters & Oscilloscope and LCR.

Working procedure of each equipment:


Dc Power Supply
The KL-100 LINEAR CIRCUITS LAB is a comprehensive and self-contained system suitable
for experimentation with electric circuits. All necessary equipments for electric circuit
experiments such as power supply, function generator, analog and digital meters are installed
on the main unit
Specifications:
DC Power Supply
Fixed DC Power Supply
Voltage Range: ±5V, ±12V

2
Maximum Current Output: 0.3A
Variable DC Power Supply
Voltage range:±3V~±18V, continuously adjustable
Maximum Current Output : 1A
AC Power Supply
Voltage Range: 9V~0V~9V
Digital Voltmeter/Ammeter
DC Voltage Range: 2V, 200V
DC Current Range: 200µA, 2000mA
Analog Meters
AC Current: 0 ~ 100mA ~ 1A
AC Voltage: 0 ~ 15V
DC Current: 0 ~ 100mA ~ 1A
DC Voltage: 0 ~ 20V

Bread Board:
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it.
These holes let you easily insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test
an early version of) an electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an
LED (light-emitting diode).
Digital Multi meter:
A digital multi meter, DMM is a test instrument used to measure electrical values including
voltage, current and resistance, although modern DMMs often make many more
measurements.
The main connection on a typical digital multi meter are given in the image
Display: The main connection on a typical digital multi meter are given in the image.
The display on a DMM is normally easy to see and read, Most have four digits, and there will
normally be a + / - indication as well. There may also be a few other smaller indicators such as
AC / DC etc dependent upon the model of DMM.
Main connections: There will be some main connections for the probes to connect to. Although
only two are needed at any one time, there may be three or four. Typically these may be:
Common: for use with all measurements and this will take the negative or black lead and probe
Volts, ohms, frequency: this connection is used for most measurements and will take the
positive or red lead and probe.
Amps and milliamps: this connection is used for the current measurements and will again take
the red lead and probe.
High current: there is often a separate connection for high current measurements. Care must
be taken to use this rather than the low current connection if high levels of current are
anticipated.
Main switch: There will usually be a single main rotary switch to select the type of
measurement to be made and the range that is needed.

3
Additional buttons and switches: There will be a few additional buttons and switches. The
main one will obviously be the on/off button. Other functions including items such as peak
hold may also be available.

Use of a digital multi meter:


Turn the meter on, Insert the probes into the correct connections - this is required because there
may be a number of different connections that can be used.
Set switch to the correct measurement type and range for the measurement to be made. When
selecting the range, ensure that the maximum range is above that anticipated. The range on the
DMM can then be reduced as necessary. However by selecting a range that is too high, it
prevents the meter being overloaded.
Optimize the range for the best reading. If possible enable all the leading digits to not read zero,
and in this way the greatest number of significant digits can be read.
Measuring Current and Voltage Ammeters are used to measure the current owing in a circuit.
To do so, the ammeter should be connected in series with the circuit element through which
you want to measure the current. Introducing an ammeter into a circuit should not affect the
flow of current in the circuit and, therefore, ammeters have very low resistance.
Voltmeters are used to measure the potential difference or voltage drop across a circuit element.
To do this, the voltmeter should be connected to the two points across which you want to
measure the potential difference. In other words, the voltmeter should be connected parallel to
the circuit element. Voltmeters should not affect the current flowing through the circuit element
and, therefore, voltmeters have high resistance. This prevents current from flowing through
them.

Oscilloscope:
An Oscilloscope is an electronic test and measurement instrument that graphically displays
electrical signals in the form of an X-Y plot. Here, the horizontal (X) represents the time and
the vertical (Y) axis represents the magnitude of voltage. So, an Oscilloscope essentially
displays a graph of how the voltage of electrical signal changes over time. As a result, earlier
Oscilloscopes are called Oscillographs.
Auto set: Identifies the type of waveform and adjusts controls to produce a usable display of
the input signal.
Horizontal Controls:
Position: Moves the waveform left and right on the display.
Scale: (Seconds-Per-Division) - Determines the amount of time displayed.
Vertical Controls:
Position: Moves the waveform up and down on the display.
Scale (Volts-Per-Division): Varies the size of the waveform on the screen.
Input coupling: Determines which part of the signal is displayed.
DC Coupling: Shows all of the input signal.
AC Coupling: Blocks the DC component of the signal, centering the waveform at 0 volts.
Ground Coupling: Disconnects the input signal to show where 0 volts is on the screen.
Volt/time division: Set the vertical scale (volts/div) then set the horizontal scale (sec/div).

4
LCR:
An LCR meter (Inductance (l), Capacitance (C), and Resistance (R)) is an instrument used to
measure the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of a component, sensor or another device
that’s operation depends upon capacitance, inductance or resistance.

Worksheet
DC Circuits
Exercise: 1 Use KL Kit and voltmeter, measure the voltages of variable and fixed power supply
Note take pictures of your readings and paste here.
Data Table 1.

Trial Fixed power supply (V) Variable power supply (V)

Exercise: 2 Use LCR and measure the value of different resistors, capacitors and inductors.
Note take pictures of your readings and paste here.

Trial Resistance （Ω） Capacitance (μF) Inductance (mH)

Common questions

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The vertical controls on an oscilloscope adjust the waveform's position up and down and scale (volts-per-division), affecting the amplitude display on the screen. Horizontal controls adjust the position left and right, determining the amount of time displayed per division on the X-axis (seconds-per-division). These controls are crucial in waveform analysis as they allow the user to tailor the visual representation by focusing on specific voltage levels or time periods, thus extracting relevant signal details .

An LCR meter measures inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) by applying an AC signal to the device under test and analyzing the resulting response to determine these parameters. Key applications include testing and validating component specifications in circuit design, quality control in manufacturing, and troubleshooting in maintenance processes, ensuring that electrical components perform as expected within specified tolerances .

When connecting an ammeter in a circuit, it is crucial to insert it in series with the circuit element through which the current is to be measured. This configuration ensures that all the current flows through the ammeter, allowing for an accurate measurement. Additionally, because ammeters have very low resistance, they do not significantly affect the current flow, preserving the circuit's operation .

Voltmeters must have high resistance to ensure they do not draw significant current from the circuit element they are measuring. This high resistance prevents altering the current flow through the circuit element, thereby allowing accurate measurement of the potential difference across the element .

Oscilloscopes graphically represent electrical signals by plotting them as an X-Y display, where the X-axis represents time and the Y-axis represents voltage magnitude. This allows users to visualize how the voltage of an electrical signal changes over time. Practically, this feature is used in troubleshooting circuits, analyzing waveforms for timing analysis, and examining signal changes and noise, which are crucial for understanding and improving electronic designs .

The auto-set function in oscilloscopes simplifies the process of configuring the instrument by automatically identifying the type of waveform present and adjusting the controls to provide a usable display. This is significant as it saves time and reduces user errors during setup, especially in complex or rapidly changing signals, allowing for quick and efficient acquisition and analysis of waveform data without the need for manual adjustments .

DC coupling on an oscilloscope displays the entire input signal, including both AC and DC components, allowing the user to see the full signal graph. AC coupling, on the other hand, blocks the DC component, shifting the waveform such that it is centered around 0 volts. This mode is useful when focusing on the AC variation of a signal without the influence of any DC offset .

Choosing the correct range setting on a digital multimeter is critical for obtaining accurate measurements and avoiding damage to the instrument. Setting the initial range higher than the anticipated maximum value prevents overloading the meter. Once the general reading is stable, adjusting the range closer to the value being measured helps to optimize the resolution and accuracy by displaying more significant digits, thereby enhancing the precision of measurements .

A breadboard is essential in electronic circuit prototyping because it allows for the easy and flexible insertion and arrangement of components without soldering, facilitating the building and testing of early circuit versions. The tiny holes in the board make it simple to insert components like batteries, switches, resistors, and LEDs to quickly build and iterate on circuit designs .

Using the correct probe connections on a digital multimeter is crucial for high current measurements to prevent damage to the meter and ensure safety. High current measurements require separate connections designed to handle larger current loads, preventing the risk of overload and potential damage to both the multimeter and the person conducting the measurements .

Sukkur Institute of Business Administration University Department of Electrical Engineering Applied Physi
2 Lab learning objectives: The objective of this experiment is to become familiar with laboratory equipment’s which are
3 Maximum Current Output: 0.3A Variable DC Power Supply Voltage range:±3V~±18V, continuously adjustable Maximum Curren
4 Additional buttons and switches: There will be a few additional buttons and switches. The main one will obviously be
5 LCR: An LCR meter (Inductance (l), Capacitance (C), and Resistance (R)) is an instrument used to measure the inducta

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