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Constructing Frequency Polygons in Statistics

A frequency polygon is a graph that represents the distribution of quantitative data using line segments to connect the midpoints of equal class intervals. It is similar to a histogram but uses lines instead of rectangular bars. To construct a frequency polygon, the class intervals are plotted on the x-axis, the frequencies on the y-axis, and points are plotted at the midpoints corresponding to the frequencies and connected by line segments. Frequency polygons can be drawn either using histograms by connecting the histogram bars or independently by plotting the class midpoints and frequencies.

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192 views14 pages

Constructing Frequency Polygons in Statistics

A frequency polygon is a graph that represents the distribution of quantitative data using line segments to connect the midpoints of equal class intervals. It is similar to a histogram but uses lines instead of rectangular bars. To construct a frequency polygon, the class intervals are plotted on the x-axis, the frequencies on the y-axis, and points are plotted at the midpoints corresponding to the frequencies and connected by line segments. Frequency polygons can be drawn either using histograms by connecting the histogram bars or independently by plotting the class midpoints and frequencies.

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Pranav Paste
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© All Rights Reserved
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Frequency Polygons

A frequency polygon is almost identical to a histogram,


which is used to compare sets of data or to display a
cumulative frequency distribution. It uses a line graph to
represent quantitative data.
Statistics deals with the collection of data and information
for a particular purpose
The tabulation of each run for each ball in cricket gives the
statistics of the game. Tables, graphs, pie-charts, bar graphs,
histograms, polygons etc. are used to represent statistical
data pictorially.
Frequency polygons are a visually substantial method of
representing quantitative data and its frequencies

Steps to Draw Frequency Polygon


To draw frequency polygons, first we need to
draw histogram and then follow the below
steps:
 Step 1- Choose the class interval and mark
the values on the horizontal axes
 Step 2- Mark the mid value of each interval
on the horizontal axes.
 Step 3- Mark the frequency of the class on
the vertical axes.
 Step 4- Corresponding to the frequency of
each class interval, mark a point at the
height in the middle of the class interval
 Step 5- Connect these points using the line
segment.
 Step 6- The obtained representation is a
frequency polygon.
Let us consider an example to understand this

Example
Example 1: In a batch of 400 students, the height of
students is given in the following table. Represent it
through a frequency polygon.

Solution: Following steps are to be followed to construct a


histogram from the given data:
 The heights are represented on the horizontal axes on a
suitable scale as shown.
 The number of students is represented on the vertical
axes on a suitable scale as shown.
 Now rectangular bars of widths equal to the class- size

and the length of the bars corresponding to a frequency


of the class interval is drawn.
ABCDEF represents the given data graphically in form of
frequency polygon as:

Frequency polygons can also be drawn


independently without drawing histograms.
For this, the midpoints of the class intervals
known as class marks are used to plot the
points.

.
Example 2 :
Constructing Frequency Polygon Without
Using Histogram - Steps

Step 1 :
Obtain the frequency distribution and compute the mid points
of each class interval.

Step 2 :

Represent the mid points along the X-axis and the frequencies
along the Y-axis.

Step 3 :

Plot the points corresponding to the frequency at each mid


point.

Step 4 :

Join these points, by straight lines in order.

Step 5 :

To complete the polygon join the point at each end


immediately to the lower or higher class marks (as the case
may be at zero frequency) on the X-axis.
Constructing Frequency Polygon
Without Using Histogram -
Example
Draw a frequency polygon for the following
data without using histogram.

Solution :
Mark the class intervals along the X-axis and the frequency along the Y-axis.

We take the imagined classes 0-10 at the beginning and 90-100 at the end,
each with frequency zero.

We have tabulated which is given below.


A (5, 0), B (15, 4), C
Using the adjacent table, plot the points
(25, 6), D (35, 8), E (45, 10), F (55, 12), G (65, 14), H
(75, 7), I (85, 5) and J (95, 0).

We draw the line segments AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FG, GH,
HI, IJ to obtain the required frequency polygon
ABCDEFGHIJ, which is given below.

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