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Acid Rain Effects on Marble and H2O2 Reactions

1. The student investigated the reaction between marble chips and nitric acid, recording the balance reading every minute which decreased as the reaction proceeded, indicating the mass of marble chips was decreasing. 2. Increasing the temperature of the nitric acid would increase the rate of reaction between the marble chips and nitric acid by increasing the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. 3. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen, and this decomposition can be made faster by using a more concentrated or hotter solution of hydrogen peroxide or adding the enzyme peroxidase.

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Kissiedu Yirenkyi
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51 views7 pages

Acid Rain Effects on Marble and H2O2 Reactions

1. The student investigated the reaction between marble chips and nitric acid, recording the balance reading every minute which decreased as the reaction proceeded, indicating the mass of marble chips was decreasing. 2. Increasing the temperature of the nitric acid would increase the rate of reaction between the marble chips and nitric acid by increasing the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. 3. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen, and this decomposition can be made faster by using a more concentrated or hotter solution of hydrogen peroxide or adding the enzyme peroxidase.

Uploaded by

Kissiedu Yirenkyi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 For

Examiner’s
Use
1 Marble statues are being damaged by acid rain. The chemical name for marble is calcium
carbonate.

A student investigated the reaction between marble chips and nitric acid.

CaCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

The diagram shows the apparatus the student used.

50 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 2.0 g marble chips


nitric acid

93.30 g

The student recorded the balance reading every minute.

The table shows the results.

time / minutes balance reading / g

0 93.30
1 93.28
2 93.26
3 93.24
4 93.22
5 93.21
6 93.20
7 93.19
8 93.18
9 93.17
10 93.16
11 93.15
12 93.15
13 93.14
14 93.14

(a) Explain why the balance reading decreases during the experiment.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) How can the student tell when the reaction has finished?

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) The student repeats the experiment using the same quantities of calcium carbonate and
nitric acid. This time the acid is at a higher temperature. Describe and explain, in terms
of collisions between reacting particles, the effect of increasing the temperature on the
rate of reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

2 Aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(aq), is used to sterilise contact lenses.


H2O2(aq) slowly decomposes at room temperature to make water and oxygen.

The decomposition can be made faster by


• using a more concentrated solution of H2O2(aq),
• heating the H2O2(aq),
• adding an enzyme called peroxidase.

(a) Construct the equation for the decomposition of H2O2(aq).

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why concentrated H2O2(aq) decomposes faster than dilute H2O2(aq).

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain why hot H2O2(aq) decomposes faster than cold H2O2(aq).

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Explain, using ideas about activation energy, why an enzyme such as peroxidase makes
the decomposition of H2O2(aq) faster.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(e) The table shows some information about an investigation on the decomposition of
H2O2(aq) using two different catalysts. In each experiment, 0.100 g of the catalyst and
25.0 cm3 of H2O2(aq) were used. The concentration and temperature of the H2O2(aq)
were kept constant.

total volume of oxygen


time taken to collect
catalyst made at the end of the
50 cm3 of oxygen / s
reaction / cm3
manganese(IV) oxide 25 95

peroxidase 10

(i) What is the total volume of oxygen made at the end of the reaction in which
peroxidase was used as a catalyst?

volume of oxygen = ............................. cm3 [1]

(ii) Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how you could carry out an experiment
to collect the measured volumes of gases recorded in the table.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes slowly at room temperature to form water and
oxygen.

2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

A student investigated how the rate of decomposition changed by using two catalysts,
manganese(IV) oxide and copper.

The volume of oxygen produced was measured at intervals using the apparatus shown below.

10 20 30 40 50

gas syringe

hydrogen peroxide

catalyst

The student carried out two experiments using the same volume of hydrogen peroxide but
with the same mass of a different catalyst in each experiment.

Experiment 1 uses manganese(IV) oxide as the catalyst.


Experiment 2 uses copper as the catalyst.

(a) The results for experiment 1 and some of the results for experiment 2 are shown in the
table.

Use the diagrams to complete the results for experiment 2.

10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

1 min 2 min

10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

3 min 4 min

time / min 1 2 3 4 5 6

volume of oxygen collected


9 17 24 29 32 35
in experiment 1 / cm3
volume of oxygen collected
50 50
in experiment 2 / cm3

[2]
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) Plot the results from experiments 1 and 2 on the grid below and draw a smooth curve
through each set of points.

Label the curves 1 and 2.

60

50

40

volume
of oxygen 30
collected / cm3

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time / min
[3]

(c) Which of the two experiments first reached completion?

Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Use your graph to estimate the time taken in experiment 1 (using manganese(IV) oxide)
to double the volume of oxygen produced from 15 cm3 to 30 cm3. Record your answers
in the table below.

experiment 1

time taken to produce 30 cm3 / min

time taken to produce 15 cm3 / min

time taken to double the volume


from 15 cm3 to 30 cm3 / min

[2]

The rate of a reaction may be calculated using the formula:


volume of oxygen produced / cm3
rate of reaction = .
time taken / min

(e) Using the two graphs and the above formula calculate the rate of each reaction after the
first 2.5 minutes.

• rate of reaction using manganese(IV) oxide (experiment 1)

........................................ cm3 / min

• rate of reaction using copper (experiment 2)

........................................ cm3 / min


[3]
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(f) Using your answers to (e) suggest which is the better catalyst, manganese(IV) oxide or
copper?

Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) At the end of experiment 2 the copper was removed from the solution by filtration. It was
dried and weighed. How does this mass of copper compare with the mass of copper
used at the start of the experiment?

Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(h) Suggest how the rate of decomposition in either experiment could be further increased.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]

Common questions

Powered by AI

If the mass of copper remains unchanged after the reaction, it indicates that copper acted as a true catalyst, participating in the reaction without being consumed .

The rate of decomposition can be increased by increasing the temperature, using a more concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution, or adding a more effective catalyst like peroxidase .

Curves for decomposition leveling off quickly indicate that the reaction has reached completion faster, likely due to a more effective catalyst or a higher concentration of reactants leading to quicker consumption .

An enzyme like peroxidase lowers the activation energy required for the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide, allowing more molecules to react at a given temperature and therefore speeding up the reaction .

The balance reading decreases because carbon dioxide gas is produced and released during the reaction between marble chips (calcium carbonate) and nitric acid, which decreases the mass on the balance .

Increasing the temperature provides the reacting particles with more energy, leading to more frequent and effective collisions, thus increasing the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and nitric acid .

The reaction is complete when the balance reading stops decreasing, indicating no more carbon dioxide gas is being produced .

Manganese(IV) oxide was more effective than copper as it achieved a faster rate of oxygen production in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide .

Concentrated hydrogen peroxide decomposes faster because there are more substrate molecules per unit volume, increasing the likelihood of collisions between the molecules, thus accelerating the reaction .

The concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the efficiency of the catalyst likely limit the reaction speed. Using a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide or a more efficient catalyst like peroxidase could mitigate this limitation .

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