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Steps in Database Development Process

The database development process involves 8 steps: 1) Analyze user requirements, 2) Develop a conceptual model, 3) Map the conceptual model to a logical model, 4) Choose a database management system, 5) Develop the physical design, 6) Implement the system, 7) Test the system, and 8) Perform ongoing maintenance. The first step is to study the user environment and understand how data flows between different parts of the organization. A conceptual model is then developed to design the database structure, which is later mapped to a logical model defining general database rules. A DBMS is selected to meet requirements before implementing the physical database design and developing application programs. The system is tested before going live, then maintained over time.

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49 views3 pages

Steps in Database Development Process

The database development process involves 8 steps: 1) Analyze user requirements, 2) Develop a conceptual model, 3) Map the conceptual model to a logical model, 4) Choose a database management system, 5) Develop the physical design, 6) Implement the system, 7) Test the system, and 8) Perform ongoing maintenance. The first step is to study the user environment and understand how data flows between different parts of the organization. A conceptual model is then developed to design the database structure, which is later mapped to a logical model defining general database rules. A DBMS is selected to meet requirements before implementing the physical database design and developing application programs. The system is tested before going live, then maintained over time.

Uploaded by

Ismail Zeb
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Database Development Process

Following steps are involved during database development.


1. Analyze User Environment
2. Develop Conceptual Model
3. Map Conceptual Model to Logical
4. Choose DBMS
5. Develop Physical Design
6. Implement System
7. Test System
8. Operational Maintenance
1. Requirement Analysis:
First Phase of the database development process is the Preliminary Stage,
which is based on the proper study of the system. It means that all the parts of
the systems, or the section of the subject organization for which we intend to
develop the system must be studied. We should find the relation or interaction
of different section of the organization with each other and should understand
the way information flows between different sections of the organization.
Moreover it should also be made clear that what processing is performed at
each stage of the system.

Once we have investigated the organization for its different sections and the
way data flows between those sections, detailed study of the system is started
to find out the requirements of each section. This phase is the detailed study
of the system and its functionality decisions made at this stage decide the
overall activity of the organization. Requirements of one section of the
organization are fulfilled in such a way that all the sections in the organization
are supporting each other, for example we can say that the results produced
by the processing taking place at one section are used as input for another
section. All the users of the systems are interviewed and observed to pinpoint
and precisely define the activities taking place in the different section of the
organization.

2. Develop Conceptual Model


Next stage in this process model is the development of conceptual model or
schema. Here we actually transform the studied and analyzed information into
the conceptual design of the database; this stage may also be connected with
the requirement analysis phase, as expressed in the diagram by showing an
arrow from this stage back to the first stage.

3. Map Conceptual Model to Logical Model


Third stage is the mapping of the developed conceptual model to the logical
model of the database, means at this stage the schema rules are defined and
identified for general database structures.
4. Choose DBMS
Once the mapping of the conceptual and logical model is done, the decision
for the use of DBMS is made; and will take care of all the necessary
requirements of the environment before making a decision.

5. Develop Physical Design


Once we have selected a DBMS, the logical design is then transformed into
physical design. This also includes considering many other decisions, like, data
type allocation, indexes to be created, file organizations, etc. Physical database
design is achieved by using the DBMS specific rules for schema definition and
all the facilities provided by the DBMS.

6. Implementation:
This phase is specific to writing the application programs needed to carry out
different activities according to use requirements. Different users may have
different requirements of the data in the database, so the number of
application programs is not known or fixed for all the organizations, it may
vary for different organizations.

7. Test System
Testing is important in the sense that an application may be producing
incorrect results, and this incorrectness may lead to the inconsistency of the
system. So when a system design is complete, once it is implemented it must
be tested for proper operation and all the modules must be checked for their
correctness. Whether the system modules are important or not because the
result of the system is mostly dependent on the proper the functionality of all
database applications and modules.

8. Maintenance of the Database System:


Maintenance means to fine tune the system and check that the designed
applications systems are fulfilling the purpose for which they are meant. Also
this phase may involve designing any new application for the enhancement of
the system. Or an already working application may need to be updated or
modified to remove any errors or to add some functionality in the system.
Maintenance means to check that all parts of the system are working and once
the testing of the system is completed the periodic maintenance measure are
performed on the system to keep the system in working order.

Common questions

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Advancements like AI and machine learning could automate requirement analysis by predicting user needs from data patterns. Cloud computing could transform physical design and implementation, offering scalable, dynamic systems. Blockchain could enhance security in operations and maintenance, while VR could visualize complex data structures, making development processes more intuitive and collaborative .

Challenges in the physical design phase include choosing appropriate data types, creating efficient indexes, and determining optimal file organizations. These decisions must consider the DBMS’s constraints and capabilities. Missteps can lead to performance bottlenecks and increased maintenance needs, affecting system efficiency and reliability over time .

The DBMS selection is pivotal as it impacts the logical and physical designs. It determines the schema definition, data type allocation, indexing, and file organizations, affecting how the logical design is converted into a practical system. The selected DBMS’s capabilities must align with the organization’s requirements to support effective data management and system performance .

The requirement analysis phase is crucial as it involves a detailed study of the organization's systems to understand interactions between different sections and the flow of information. This phase sets the foundation for developing a database that supports the organization holistically, ensuring each section's requirements are met in a way that aligns with others. Decisions made during this stage affect the conceptual model and subsequent stages, such as logical mapping and physical design .

The preliminary requirement analysis provides necessary insights and data flow understanding, which are fundamental in shaping the conceptual model. It ensures that the model accurately represents organizational needs by reflecting key interactions and processing in various sections, thereby laying a solid groundwork for subsequent logical design .

Testing is critical as it ensures system integrity by identifying incorrect outputs that may lead to inconsistency. It verifies that all modules function correctly and collaborate as intended. Proper testing safeguards against system failure and ensures that the database meets design specifications and user needs .

The implementation phase is distinct as it involves writing application programs tailored to specific user requirements, unlike previous stages focused on design and planning. This phase can vary greatly between organizations due to different user data needs, marking a transition from design to actual system interaction and use .

Operational maintenance is essential for keeping the database system functional and efficient. It involves fine-tuning, updating applications, and adding functionalities as necessary to correct errors or enhance system capabilities. Regular maintenance checks ensure that the system remains aligned with evolving user requirements and environmental changes .

Mapping the conceptual model to a logical model is critical because it formalizes schema rules, ensuring the database structure is coherent and adheres to organizational requirements. This step bridges design and practical implementation, forming a blueprint for translating organizational information into a system-managed structure .

Developing a conceptual model transforms the studied and analyzed information from the requirement analysis phase into a design that can serve as a basis for logical model mapping. It effectively represents the essential entities and relationships within the environment, allowing for accurate schema rule definitions in the logical model .

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