International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019
Properties of Concrete with Waste Glass Powder
(Gp) as Fine Aggregate Replacement
[Link], [Link]
Abstract In the present research, the feasibility of using waste concept of waste to wealth, world wide.A variety of new
glass as replacement for natural river sand was investigated. products can be produced using waste [Link] are two
Glass wastes dumped in landfill pose environmental pollution and main ways of use waste glass in concrete. Glass wool is one
research on its reuse in construction industries need to be carried
of the important form of glass which is used as an heat
out . An experimental work was performed to study the slump ,
unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, insulating material on roofs, walls and floors of
flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, [Link] wool insulation is recyclable and reusable, so
dry density and chloride ion penetration test at different curing that it can be recycled for another applicationsafter its
ages at 7, 14 and 28 days of concrete. Investigation on concrete original use. Based on the citations, it is found that waste
properties with various % of glass powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% glass can be used in concrete in two ways, one is as fine
and 20% ) were done on fresh and hardened concrete. The
aggregate as a replacement for natural sand and another one
complete stress-strain behaviour, mechanical strength and
durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of is as aSupplementary Cementing Material in [Link]
natural river sand by glass powder were investigated through research works have been done on concrete with glass waste
standard [Link] optimum glass powder content is found out by as partial replacement for fine aggregate and coarse
testing the specimens prepared using different grades of concrete aggregates.
(M20, M30, M40,M50 and M60). All the fresh concrete mixes Waste management has become a critical challenge in
were tested also for the workability properties by conducting
developing countries like India. Unprecedented levels of
slump cone tests. According to the test results, it is observed that
the slump value of fresh concrete increase gradually with % of waste material are produced due to rise in population and
glass powder upto 40% replacements. The gradual increase in the management of solid wastes have arised as an alarming
compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength threat for healthy environment world [Link] glass wastes
with the addition of waste glass powder upto 30% was observed. are non-biodegradable material. Innovative methodologies
The addition of 40% and 50% replacements, the strength values of of recycling need to be conventional to avoid their
concrete are comparable with that of the control mix. The density
disposal in land fills.
and modulus of elasticity of concrete also gradually increases
from 0% to 50% addition of glass powder in the concrete. Objectives :
The Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) test results show
that the chloride penetration rate is considerably reduced with The research objectives of the current work are :
addition of glass powder and permeability properties of concrete is • To design the mix proportions for five various grades
enhanced upto 50% replacement levels. In order to prepare the (M20, M30, M40,M50 and M60) of concrete with different
concrete with compressive strengthThe optimum glass powder glass powder replacements ( 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and
content is found to be 50% can be used as the replacement 50%) for natural sand in concrete.
material for fine aggregates without much compromise on the
• To investigate the workability properties of fresh
strength and durability properties and to achieve economic and
environmental benefits. concrete, mechanical properties of hardened concrete and
their durability properties by testing the specimens prepared
I. INTRODUCTION as per standard specifications.
• To investigate the detailed stress strain behaviour of
Solid waste management is a very crucial issue for the
concrete with different % of waste glass powder additions.
society worldwide. Glass wastes form a major component of
solid waste and being an inert and nonorganic material, it is
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
non-biodegradable and its disposal into landfills create
serious environmental problems. Using waste glass in Materials
concrete as fine aggregate provide better solution for its
Cement
disposal problem and also prevent depletion of natural
resources like river sand. Locally available ACC cement53 grade ( Ordinary
Since a very large space and lands are used to stockpile Portland cement) confirming to (IS12269-1989), was used
waste glass, it is very essential to find ways to reuse it or for the present research. The Standard consistency of
recycle it. The advantage of almost 100% recyclability of cements was determined in accordance with (IS 4031 (Part
waste glass makes it as one of the material considered for the 4)-1995). Pastes having standard consistency were used to
determine the initial setting time and final setting time in
accordance with IS 4031 (Part 5)-1995. The Physical and
Revised Version Manuscript Received on 10 September, 2019.
[Link], Professor, Department of Civil engineering, Kumaraguru
College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
[Link], Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Gnanamani College of Engineering, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2308 & Sciences Publication
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE GLASS POWDER (GP) AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
chemical properties of cement are given in Table1 and Table Table 4 Physical properties of Coarse Aggregates
2.
Table 1 Physical properties of OPC53 grade cement
Table2 Chemical composition of cement
Sand
Locally available natural river sand with maximum size of Figure 2 Gradation of Coarse Aggregates
4.75 mm and confirming to zone II as per IS 383-1987 was
used as fine aggregates. The specific gravity of sand is Water:Ordinary Potable water is used for mixing and
2.66,its water absorption is 3.0% and unit weight 1690kg/m3. curing of test specimens.
A sieve analysis was carried out for the sand and presented in
Super plasticizer :
Table 3.3. and the grading curve for sand is given in Figure 1.
Table 3 Physical properties of sand CONPLAST 430 received from Elkem India Pvt Ltd,
Mumbai was used as the super-plasticizer in concrete mixes.
Waste Glass Powder:
Waste glass for this experiment was sourced from a glass
recycling industry in the Coimbatore. This glass powder used
in this research was prepared by crushing and milling
[Link] chemical composition and microstructure
analysis of the glass powder was done using XRD analysis
and SEM analysis and presented in Figure 2.3 and Figure 4.
The typical chemical composition of the glass aggregate is
given in Table 5 whilst particle size distribution is given in
Table 6. The gradation curve for the glass powder used is
given in Figure 2.5 and its sieving process is given in Figure
6.
Figure 1 Grading curve of Natural sand
Coarse Aggregate : Figure 3 Chemical composition of glass powder Figure
Graded crushed granite coarse aggregates with maximum 4 Microstructure of Glass Powder by XRD Analysisby
nominal size of 20 mm and down was confirming to SEM Analysis
IS:383(1987)was used as coarse aggregate in the concrete
[Link] specific gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.7 ,its
fineness modulus is 6.7, bulk density is 1800 kg/m3 and its
water absorption is 0.3%. According to IS 383-1987, a sieve
analysis was carried out coarse aggregates and presented in
Table 4. and its gradation curve is given in Figure 2.
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2309 & Sciences Publication
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019
Table 5 Chemical composition of Glass powder (% by detected.
mass)
Table6 Physical properties of Glass powder
Figure 2.7 Compressive strength of M20 Concrete
Bulk Density of concrete
Very small variations in concrete density was observed
with the addition of glass powder for all grades of concrete
and shown in Figure 2.8 . This may be due to very small
difference between the specific gravity of glass powder and
the natural sand.
Figure 5 Gradation curve for Glass powderFigure 6
Glass powder sample
III. METHODS
Tests were conducted to find the workability properties,
mechanical strength and the stress–strain behaviour of
concrete with different glass powder replacement
percentages of 0%,0%,20%,30%,40% and 50% are carried
out. The concrete mix design for five different grades of
concrete (M20, M30, M40, M50 and M60) were done in Figure 8 Bulk Density of M20 Concrete
accordance with (IS: 10262 1982). The concrete mix
proportions used for the test specimens are given in Table7.
Mechanical strength:
Table 7 Mix proportions for concrete
The compressive strength of concrete specimens of all the
mixes designed was measured by compression test as per( IS:
516- 1959), the concrete cubes of size 150 mm × 150mm×
150 mm were casted and tested after 28 days strength after
conventional method of curing. Cylinder specimens of size
150mm diameter and 300mm height were used for cylinder
IV. MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS compressive strength tests. For split tensile strength tests,
cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height specimens
Workability of fresh concrete
were casted and tested. Flexural strength test is conducted on
Slump cone Test concrete prisms of size 100mm x 100mm x 500mm size. The
According to (IS: 1199 – 1959) workability test by slump mean value of the strength of three specimens are reported for
cone on fresh concrete weretested and the results are plotted all the mechanical strength values of concrete.
in Figure 2.7 The slump was in the range of 60-80 mm for Tests for Stress strain behaviour of M20 concrete mix with
M20 and M30 and its value increases to 80 -100mm for various % of glass powder additions are done using cylinder
higher grades of concrete with super-plasticizer. The slump specimens of 150mm diameter and 300mm height and
value of all the mixes increases with the addition of glass
powder upto 30% and afterwards for 40% and 50%
additions, the slump value got reduced. For concretes
incorporating glass powder, no bleedingor segregation was
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2310 & Sciences Publication
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE GLASS POWDER (GP) AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
compressometer was used for strain measurements during
uni-axial compression test.
Test Results
Concrete mixes of 20 MPa, 30 MPa 40MPa, 50 MPa and
60MPa with glass powder partially substituting the natural
river sand at 0%,10%,20%,30%, 40% and 50% were
produced and numerous tests were performed to study the
workability properties and mechanical strength to obtain
optimum % of glass powder which gives better or
comparable concrete to normal concrete. The recorded slump
increased with the increase of glass powder content. The
density of hardened concrete incorporated with glass powder
decreases with the higher % of glass powder contents. The
Test results of all the mechanical strengths are given in Table
2.8 through Table 2.22. and plotted in graphs Figure 7 to
Figure 19.
Figure 7 Compressive strength M20 concrete for
various % of glass powder
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2311 & Sciences Publication
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019
Figure 8 Compressive strength M30 concrete for
various % of glass powder Figure 12 Compressive strength at 28 days for various
grade of concrete
Figure 9 Compressive strength M40 concrete for
various % of glass powder Figure 13 Flexural strength at 28 days for various
grade of concrete
Figure 14Split tensile strength at 28 days for various
Figure 10 Compressive strength M50 concrete for grade of concrete
various % of glass powder
Figure 15Split tensile strength at 28 days for various
% of glass powder and different concrete grades
Figure 11 Compressive strength M60 concrete for
various % of glass powder
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2312 & Sciences Publication
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE GLASS POWDER (GP) AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
Figure 16 Modulus of elasticity of concrete with
various % of glass powder
Figure 20 Stress Strain curve for M20 concrete with
various % glass powder replacement
Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) Test
The RCPT tests were doneas per ASTM C1202 for the
specimens of all the mixes M20,M30,M40,M50 and M60
with various percentage of glass powder
0%,10%,20%,30%,40% and 50% after 28 days curing. The
cylindrical test specimens are of size 100 mm in diameter
and 50 mm in thickness which had been conditioned
Figure 17 Cylinder compressive strength of concrete according to the standard were placed in the cells and
subjected to a 60-V potential for 6-h. One of the cells was
with various % of glass powder
filled with 0.3N NaOH solution while the other filled with
3% NaCl solution. The amount of electrical current passed
through the specimen is measured and the total charge passed
(in coulombs) is used as an indicator of the resistance of the
concrete to chloride ion penetration. The RCPT test set up is
shown in Figure 3.25. The total charge passed through the
concrete specimens was calculated using the following
formula in Eq. (1)
Where, Q = charge passed (coulombs),
Io = current (amperes) immediately after voltage is applied
and
It = current (amperes) at t min after voltage is applied.
Rapid Chloride Permeability Test was conducted for the
Figure 18 Stress Strain curve for M20 concrete with standard concrete specimens at 28 days to find the chloride
30% glass powder replacement permeability properties. The Chloride ion penetration
properties of various mixes are indicated by the total amount
of charge passing through the sample specimens (Table25,).
It is observed that with increase in % of Glass powder
replacement, the chloride ion permeability of concrete mixes
are reduced for all the grades of concrete mixes. With the
addition of glass powder the chloride ion penetration of the
concrete is found to be at the moderate level. With the
addition of glass powder, the chloride permeability is
reduced to maximum extent by 50%, 45%,44%, 32%, 32%
of normal concrete for M20, M30, M40, M50 , M60 concrete
with 50% glass powder replacements respectively. Therefore,
concrete with glass powder replacements for sand exhibit low
chloride permeability compared to the control concrete.
Figure 19 Stress Strain curve for M40 concrete with
30% glass powder replacement
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2313 & Sciences Publication
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019
Table 23RCPT Test Results ( at 28 days) Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar
Engineering Conference, 2001, pp. 146-152.
5. Malik, M, Bashir, M, Ahmed, S, Tariq, T &
Chowdhary, U., "Study of concrete involving use of
waste glass as partial replacement of fine aggregates",
IOSR. J. Eng., vol. 3, no.7, 2013, pp.8-13.
6. Du, H, Tan, KH., "Concrete with recycled glass as fine
aggregates", ACI Mater. J, 111-M05, 2014, pp. 47-58.
7. Park, SB, Lee, BC & Kim, JH., "Studies on mechanical
properties of concrete containing waste glass
aggregate", Cem. Conc. Res., vol. 34, no. 12, 2004, pp.
2181-2189.
8. IS: 12269 (1989). Specification for 53 grade ordinary
portland cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
9. IS: 4031-Part 4 (1995). Method of physical testfor
hydraulic cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
10. IS: 383 (1987). Specification for coarse and fine aggregate
from natural sources for concrete,8th Reprint October
1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. IS: 1199 -
1959
11. IS: 10262 (1982). Hand book of concrete mix design,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Figure 23Chloride Permeability Test Results
V. CONCLUSIONS
• The mix design for concrete with five various grades (
M20, M30, M40, M50, M60) was done. Extensive
experimental study on strength and durability properties of
these five grades of concrete with different % of ( 0%, 10%,
20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) waste glass powder for fine
aggregate replacement was carried out.
• The stress strain behaviour of all the above concrete
mixes was investigated and reported in this section.
• According to the test results, it is observed that the
slump value of fresh concrete increase gradually with % of
glass powder upto 40% replacements.
• The compressive strength, flexural strength and split
tensile strength gradually increase upto 30% addition of
waste glass powder and for 40% and 50% replacements the
strength values are comparable with that of the control
specimens.
• The RCPT test results show that the chloride penetration
rate is highly reduced with addition of glass powder and
permeability properties of concrete is enhanced upto 50%
replacement levels. Therefore 50% of glass powder can be
used as the replacement material for fine aggregates without
affecting the strength properties of the concrete.
REFERENCES
1. Ismail, ZZ & Al-Hashmi, EA., "Recycling of waste glass
as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete",
Waste Manag., vol. 29, 2009, pp. 655-659.
2. Limbachiya, M., "Bulk engineering and durability
properties of washed glass sand concrete", Constr. Build.
Mater.,vol. 23, 2009, pp. 1078-1083.
3. Balakrishnan, Nagaraj, Arunkumar Rajendran, and
Karthigaikumar Palanivel. "Meticulous fuzzy convolution
C means for optimized big data analytics: adaptation
towards deep learning." International Journal of Machine
Learning and Cybernetics (2019): 1-12.
4. Tuncan, M, Karasu, B & Yalcin, M., "The suitability for
using glass and fly ash in Portland cement concrete",
Published By:
Retrieval Number: B12580982S1119/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1258.0982S1119 2314 & Sciences Publication