Science, Technology and Society

Science find out proper relation between science, technology

and society one must have clear idea about each of
 When groups of humans developed enough them. Curiosity of human minds developed a
technology that food surpluses could persist and systematic way to establish the relation between
build up enough to allow specialization into cities different natural phenomena by making observations
of skilled workers, some of those skill workers and experiments. The emergence of technology, made
applied their efforts to the study of how the natural possible by the development of the rational faculty the
world worked. tool and the creation of the machine.
 Sciences moved from: written accounts, to
encyclopedia, to analytical techniques, to computer Science
models.
Generally, science is a system of acquiring
 Explain how things work knowledge based on proper method in order to
Technology organize body of knowledge gained through research.

 The knowledge gained in science to design has Science is a language, same as others; its
never been origin was human minds, they developed it to
 When group of humans had a surplus of time, they concentrate ideas and imaginations of the thoughtful
didn’t need to spend feeding themselves, some of persons on The Earth. The Neolithic Revolution was
them found ways to manipulate the natural just a beginning of the manner of observing and
environment in beneficial ways. imaging something, in Mathematics invention of the
 Technologies moved from: clubs, to plows, to "O" number was one of the notable inventions, many
fertilizers, to antibiotics scientists like Aaryabhatta, Galileo, Newton, Darwin,
and many more had given their notable contributions
Society in Mathematics, Physics and Biology. But since the
industrial revolution in the 18th century science has
 The key goal of technology is to solve problems in been in progress. Some sectors that have been boosted
the society and enhance people’s lives by science and technology are energy, physical
 The analytical methods science made possible sciences, information and communication. The society
allowed technology to be extended faster and has greatly gained with the invention of technology.
further than individual insights and observations.
Technological breakthroughs allowed different Technology
sorts of societies to become possible.
The practical application of knowledge
 Societies moved from: families, to clans, to
especially in a particular area. It refers to tools and
kingdoms, to republics
machines that may be used to solve real-world
problems. It is a far-reaching term that may include
Science, Technology, and Society have strong simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or
interaction between each other. Science is the mother more complex machines, such as a space station or
of technology for the creation and development of the particle accelerator. Paleolithic Revolution (2.5 million
societies and because of discoveries and experiment of - 10,000 BC): Stone tools (200,000 years ago), Fire
science it helps the technology to design and invent (1000000 years ago), Clothing and shelter were
that may be used to solve real-world problems. invented in this era. Neolithic Revolution (10,000 BC -
300 AD): The discovery of agriculture allowed for the
The knowledge of electromagnetism and others led feeding of larger populations. What triggered the
to the creation of the first phone. Knowledge of progression from early Neolithic villages to the first
semiconductors lead to the creation of transistors. cities, such as Uruk and first civilization.
Today, communication has been made easy and our
society is a “global village”. Metal tools and Wheel (4000 B.C.) was
created during this era. Medieval & modern history
Interaction between STS: How does it all come (300 AD - Present): During the middle age innovations
together? such as silk, the horse collar and horseshoes in the first
Abstract few hundred years after the fall of the Roman Empire.
Industrial Revolution of 18th century was a period of
A logical or natural association between two great technological discovery, particularly in the areas
or more things gives the relation between them. To of agriculture, manufacturing, mining, metallurgy and
transport, driven by the discovery of steam power.  Science and technology are needed to improve the
Such innovations like the electric motor, light, people’s way of living. The way how people live
advancements in medicine, chemistry, physics and will become much easier
engineering.  Due to lack of tools and materials, the people do
everything manually.
Society
 Long ago, since science and technology are
A society, or a human society, is a group of known, people valued the benefits of it.
people related to each other through persistent
relations. Members of a society may be from different Ancient Period
ethnic groups. Societies are social groups that differ  There are three Age Systems in the Ancient time
according to subsistence strategies, the ways that Period. This composed of: Stone Age, Bronze Age
humans use technology to provide needs for them. and Iron Age. The three Ages was the starting
Sociologists place societies in three broad categories: point of the development of technology.
o In the first age, where simple tools were
1. Pre-Industrial Society: Food production, which is discovered and the tools were highly made
carried out through the use of human and animal up of different stones from caves.
labor, is the main economic activity. o The Second age, the used of copper were
2. Industrial Societies: The increased efficiency of highly identified through the present
production of the industrial revolution produced an ofweapons used for finding foods and
even greater surplus than before. Now the surplus protection.
was not just agricultural goods, but also o In the third age, the used of irons and
manufactured goods. metal was highlighted through the tools
3. Post-industrial Societies: Societies dominated by they're using by that time.
information, services, and high technology more
than the production of goods are known as 1. Assyrian Nimrud lens
Postindustrial Societies.
The Nimrud lens is a 3,000-year-old piece of rock
Summary crystal, which was unearthed by Sir John Layard in
Infrastructures in the society has developed 1850 at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud, in modern-day
with the help of science and technology. The invention Iraq. Since its discovery over a century ago, scientists
of the telephone and radio services has expanded and historians have debated its use, with
human communication. Society cannot exist without one prominent Italian professor claiming the lens was
the industry we have today. Society needs science and used by the ancient Assyrians as part of a telescope,
technology. A computer helps us. The impact of which would explain how the Assyrians knew so much
science and technology can be seriously recognized. about astronomy.
Science and technology have greatly contributed in
practice to the vision of man over himself. Science has 2. The ancient invention of the steam engine by
changed the opinion about the origin of man and place the Hero of Alexandria
of origin as well. Through the results of scientific
The ancient invention of the steam engine by the
discoveries, the perception of people about his
Hero of Alexandria
behavior and his place of origin was diversely
changed. Experiments in science today are in one way Heron Alexandrinus, otherwise known as the Hero
or another to the detriment of society. Take for of Alexandria, was a 1st century Greek mathematician
Example of the attempt to clone a human being. The and engineer who is known as the first inventor of the
experiment has a lot of controversy, as the company steam engine. His steam powered device was called
skeptical about them. As science and technology is the aeolipile, named after Aiolos, God of the winds
linked to society is something that calls also for
government intervention. Science and technology 3. Oldest Calendar in Scotland
issues are actually discussed worldwide today. Research carried out last year on an ancient site
Progress in this has led to produce the ability to excavated by the National Trust for Scotland in 2004
integrate different types of physical products. revealed that it contained a sophisticated calendar
Historical antecedents which social considerations system that is approximately 10,000 years old, making
changed the course of science and technology it the oldest calendar ever discovered in the world. The
site – at Warren Field, Crathes, Aberdeenshire -
Ancient Times contains a 50-metrelong row of twelve pits which were
created by Stone Age Britons and which were in use used to be fitted into towers. These clocks are now
from around 8000 BC (the early Mesolithic period) to termed as the turret clocks. These early clocks
around 4,000 BC (the early Neolithic) didn't have any dial or hands; rather they used to
strike the hours and produce sound. The oldest
Middle Age
mechanical clock situated in England which is still
Education working is at Salisbury Cathedral and it dated from
1386.
 Education for women was very limited and
controlled by the Church. Tidal Mills
 Ancient writing from Roman and Greek were used  The Tidal mills were first used during the seventh
to teach students while most century in the medieval Europe and they are
 The kids of the peasants are engaged in work as considered as one of the great examples of
soon as possible. improving Middle Ages technology. A tidal mill is
 During these times 10-12 years of age are a special type of water mill which is driven by the
considered as an adult. rise and fall of tides. In order to use them, a dam
 Latin language grammar, logic, rhetoric, with a sluice was used to be created across a
philosophy, astrology, music and mathematics are proper tidal inlet.
the basic course of study  They could also be used at a section of a river
Government estuary made into a reservoir. With the upcoming
tides, the water used to enter the mill pond through
 Feudalism was a way for maintaining order over a one-way-gate. This gate was used to get
the serfs and peasants automatically closed as the tidal began to fall.
 The Lord is the most important member in a feudal With the lowering tide, the stored water could be
system. He is the ruling monarch with complete released to turn a water wheel.
control over the country.  The earliest excavated tidal mill was dated from
 Vassals had to either pay money, sell their land, 787 A.D., and it was found in the Nendrum
provide military service or perform duties to show Monastery on an island in Strangford Lough in
their loyalty. Northern Ireland. The millstones of this tidal mill
 Peasants made up the feudalist government system were 830 mm in diameter and the horizontal wheel
in the Europe Middle Ages. was estimated to be able to develop 7-8 HP at its
 There were 3 types of peasants: slaves, serfs, and peak. Remains of a tidal mill dated at 619 were
freeman. also found.
 The King owns all the land The Heavy Plough
Medieval Period  The heavy plough was first used in the fifth
 Many historians mention the medieval period of century. It was a modification of already existing
Europe as 'Dark ages; a period when reason and mouldboard plough. In the mouldboard plough, the
logic was sidelined with belief and religion. depth of cut was used to be adjusted by lifting the
However, the late medieval period offered a great runner in furrow. Because of this, the weight of the
advancement in technology. While many of these plough was used to be limited. As a result, these
technological advancements weren't inventions of ploughs were fairly fragile and couldn't be used to
medieval Europeans, they successfully refined till and break the heavier soils of northern Europe.
these technologies and benefitted immensely by  In order to modify it, the runner was replaced by a
using them politically and economically. wheel because of which, the weight of the plough
was increased. As a result, the heavy plough led to
The Mechanical Clock greater food production.
 Another important achievement of the Middle  This heavy plough is still considered as one of the
Ages technology was the mechanical clock which main reasons of significant population growth of
was developed during the 13th century. While the Europe around 600 A.D.
origin of mechanical clock is unknown, the first Modern Period
such device might have been invented in
monasteries, which was used to toll a bell to call
all monks to prayers.
 The first mechanical clocks with proper references
were large, weight-driven machines which were
 Modern history, the modern period or the modern Mexico, to prepare a new expedition – to be headed by
era, is the linear, global, historiographical Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
approach to the time frame after post-classical
On February 13, 1565, Legaspi's expedition
history. Modern history can be further broken
landed in Cebu Island. After a short struggle with the
down into periods:
natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then to Camiguin and
 The early modern period began in approximately
to Bohol.
the early 16th century; notable historical
milestones included the European Renaissance, the The colonization of the Philippines contributed
Age of Discovery, the Era of the Islamic to growth of science and technology in the
gunpowders, and the Protestant Reformation. archipelago.
 The late modern period began approximately in the
The Spanish introduced formal education and
mid-18th century, notable historical milestones
founded scientific institution.
included the American Revolution, the French
Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Great ESPANYA:
Divergence, and the Russian Revolution. It took all
of human history up to 1804 for the world's  During the early years of Spanish rule in the
population to reach 1 billion; the next billion come Philippines. Parish schools were established where
just over a century later, in 1927. Contemporary religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music
history is the span of historic events from was taught.
approximately 1945 that are immediately relevant  Sanitation and more advanced methods of
to the present time. agriculture was taught to the natives. The study of
medicine in the Philippines was given priority in
Pre-Colonial History the Spanish era. field of engineering in the islands
The first technologies include: by constructing government buildings, churches,
roads, bridges and forts
 Jars (Manungguul, Bulol)
Post-Colonial History
 Herbs & Herbal medicines
 Fire, light & heat 19th Century Science and Technology
 Alibata (writing system)
Shortly after the World War II, Ferdinand
Agricultural revolution Emmanuel Edralin Marcos became the 6th president of
the 3rd Republic of the Philippines.
1. Methods in farming
2. Stones for recording purposes Presidents & Laws
3. Clay pottery and soil minerals for metallurgy
4. Barter of different goods and resources “Advancement of science and technology shall have
priority in the national development."
Agricultural abundance
During Ferdinand Marcos' presidency, the
 Filipinos were already engaged in farming. The importance given to science grew.
Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated
products of engineering by pre-Spanish era  National Science Development Board
Filipinos.  He recognized that technology was the leading
 The natives based their faith on abundance of factor in economic development, and channeled
harvest, different plants and animals additional funds to support projects in applied
sciences and science education.
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese in the service of  He added the Philippine Coconut Research
the Spanish crown, was looking forward to a westward Institute to the NSDB to modernize the coconut
route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia industry.
 The NSDB also established the Philippine Textile
On March 16, 1521, Magellan’s expedition landed on
Research Institute.
Homonhon island in the Philippines.
 The Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of the
But the colonization of the Philippine Islands wasn’t NSDB explored the uses of atomic energy for
successful on the first attempt. economic development.
 In 1972, he created the National Grains Authority
However, when Philip II succeeded the throne in
to provide for the development of the rice and corn
1556, he instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of
 industry to fully harness it for the economy of the and Technology Master Plan or STMP. The goal
country. of STMP was for the Philippines to achieve newly
 He established the Philippine Council for industrialized country status by the year 2000.
Agricultural Research to support the progressive
Background of STS in our Country
development of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
for the nation. The need to develop a country's science and
 He established the Philippine Atmospheric technology has generally been recognized as one of the
Geophysical and Astronomical Services imperatives of socioeconomic progress in the
Administration (PAGASA) under the Department contemporary world. This has become a widespread
of National Defense to provide environmental concern of governments especially since the post-
protection and to utilize scientific knowledge to World War II years. Among Third World countries, an
ensure the safety of the people. important dimension of this concern is the problem of
dependence in science and technology as this is closely
Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco
tied up with the integrity of their political sovereignty
Aquino was the 1st president of the 5th Republic of
and economic self-reliance. There exists a continuing
the Philippines.
imbalance between scientific and technological
 The National Science and Technology Authority development among contemporary states with 98 per
was replaced by the Department of Science and cent of all research and development facilities located
Technology, giving science and technology a in developed countries and almost wholly concerned
representation in the cabinet. with the latter's problems. Dependence or autonomy in
 The Presidential Task Force for Science and science and technology has been a salient issue in
Technology which came up with the first Science conferences sponsored by the United Nations.

Intellectual Revolution that Shaped Society

Revolution

 is derived from the Latin word “revolutionem”

 means turning point, and used often with celestial
bodies
 does not only talk about war but it’s all about
reform, transformation
 started with Nicholas Copernicus
Importance of Intellectual Revolution

 was a period in Europe that traditional thinking

changed into rational and logical
 believed to be the start of Modern Science for it
has a lot of improvements in astronomy,
chemistry, biology mathematics and physics
 introduction of scientific methods, societies and
classification of these societies as an independent
bodies of knowledge
Darwinian Revolution  theorized the Origin of Species
 followed after Copernican Revolution Origin of Species
 started with Charles Darwin
 canceled divine theory of origin
 ideas of decisive importance when we think about
 evolution by means of natural selection
ourselves
 the nature of material universe Copernican Revolution
 the planet that we lived upon
 our place in its scheme of life  it began the Scientific Revolution
 it radically changed the impression in astronomy,
Charles Darwin science and so as religion
 pioneered by Nicholas Copernicus, introduced the Freudian Revolution
idea of heliocentric universe
 society creates mechanisms to ensure social
 moved the people to look for evidences to prove
control of huma instincts
things around them
 founded psychoanalysis
 theories about the origin of the Earth was changed
from theological view to empirical Psychoanalysis
Heliocentric Universe o it is a clinical method psychopathology
through a conversation by the patient and
 changed man’s perception about the world
the psychoanalyst
 it was contrast with geocentric theory of the
o
church
Another Effects of this Theory

 new researches were started

 familiar phenomena were given explanation
 educational approaches are alteres
 power structures in the society changed

Science Education in the Philippines

The Concept of Science Education  Science education will develop a strong foundation
for studying science and for considering science-
 Science education focuses on teaching, learning,
related careers in the future.
and understanding science.
 Teaching Service involves developing ways on Tertiary Science Education
how to effectively teach science.
 In tertiary education, science education deals with
o Pedagogical theories and models
developing students’ understanding and
o Scientific concepts and processes
appreciation of science ideas and scientific works.
 Science education, John Dewey (2001) stressed
 This is accomplished by including basic scientific
the importance of utilizing the natural environment
classes in the General Education program.
to teach students.
 Science education in the tertiary level also focuses
 Science education is important that science is
on the preparation of science teachers, scientists,
going to be one of the most important school
engineers, and other professionals in various
subjects in the future.
science-related fields such as:
 Science education is justified by the vast amount o Engineering, agriculture, medicine, and
of scientific knowledge developed in this area that
health sciences
prepares citizens in a scientifically and
technologically driven world. Science Schools in the Philippines
Science Education in Basic and Tertiary Education These are the schools established in the Philippines to
promote science education
 In basic education, science education helps
students learn important concepts and facts that are PSHSS
related to everyday life including important skills
“Philippine Science High School System”
such as:
Founded: 1964
o Process skills, critical thinking skills, and
Signed by: President Fidel V. Ramos
life skills
 Science education also develops positive attitude  Works together with the Department of Science
such as: and Technology (DOST)
o The love for knowledge, passion for
innovative things, curiosity to study about Aim of the PSHSS:
nature, and creativity.  Helps students enhance their skills
 Nationalistic point of view
 Get everything set their future
Special Science Elementary Schools  The school takes pride in its Research Center for
Theoretical Physics (RCTP)
 A program with enhanced course studies for
subjects Mathematics and Sciences. Summary
 Gifted student offered place to study and room to
To promote science education, science schools were
enhanced their skills and talent.
established to develop gifted students in science and
 Implemented year 2007 and 57 were identified as
mathematics.
science elementary schools in the country.
Science Schools in the Philippines;
Aims of Special Science Elementary Schools:
1. Philippine Science High School System
 To give rich learning environment (PSHSS)
 Focus in raising and developing the students’ skills 2. Manila Science High School (MSHS)
Instruction Time: 3. Quezon City Regional Science High School
4. Special Science Elementary School Project
Grade 1 to Grade 2 for 70 minutes
Grade 4 to Grade 6 for 80 minutes  Science education deals with the teaching and
Quezon City Regional High School learning of science and in helping the public to
develop science literacy.
 One of the most respected and learning Science  Science education deals with the development of
High School in the Philippines people in science, which is the heart of science,
 It was established on September 17, 1967 technology and society
 Gifted students particularly in subjects Science and  Science programs and projects were organized and
Mathematics develop to nurture innovation in science in our
country, and to encourage individuals to pursue
Aims of Quezon City Regional High School:
careers and research in science and technology
 Open bigger opportunities to those student living
in Quezon City
 To enhance their investigative and creative minds
Manila Science High School

 The school was established on October 1, 1963, it

is the first science high school in the Philippines
 MSHS aims to produce scientist with souls
 Manila Science High School Admission Test
(MSAT), for students who wish to enroll
MSAT has five parts;
1. Aptitude in science
2. Aptitude in mathematics
3. Problem-solving in science
4. Problem-solving mathematics
5. Proficiency in English
 MSHS students are encouraged into various
extracurricular activities
 MSHS pride is producing outstanding alumni and
for winning on a various national competition
Central Visayan Institute Foundation

 This school is the home and pioneer of the

prominent school-based innovation known as the
Dynamic Learning Program (DLP)
 DLP is a synthesis of classical and modern
pectagogical theories adapted to foster the highest
level of learning, creativity, and productivity.