Very Short (Objective Type) / Short Answer Type Ex. Sol. Ex.2. Sol. Ex.3. Sol. For all sets A and B, A ~ (A.B) is equal to @B-A WA-B ane @ AUB INCERT Exemplar] (0, A~(ANB)=A-B=AnB Given universal set U set of real numbers and a set = set of rational numbers then find A’ is (@) set of natural number (b) set of real number (©) set of fractions (@ set of irrational numbers @,A'=U- et of real numbers ~ set of rational numbers = set of irrational numbers IfU = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A= {1, 2, 3, 5}, B= (2, 4, 6, 7} and C = {2, 3, 4, 8}, then @ BuCyis @) (C-Ayis INCERT Exemplar} @ BUC= (2, 4, 6,7) U (2,3, 4, 8} = (2,3, 4,6, 7, 8) Bucy=U-Buq = {1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7,8, 9, 10) — (2,3, 4, 6, 7, 8} = {1, 5,9, 10} (ii) C-A= (2, 3, 4, 8) - {1, 2, 3, 5} = (4, 8} (C-Ay =U-(C-A) = {1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} — (4, 8} = {1,2,3, 5, 6,7, 9, 10) Sol. Ex. 6. Sol. Ex.7. Sol. I A'=U-A - Let U= If U= (1, 2, 3, wn 10} and A= (3, 5, 9}, find A’, 1, 2, 3, uy 10) ~ (3, 5, 9) = (1,2,4, 6,7, 8, 10} (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A= (1, 2,3, 4}, B= (2, 4, 6, 8} and C= (3, 4, 5, 6}. Find Ano (i) (BC. INCERT We have () ANC = {I, 2,3, 4} 9 {3, 4, 5, 6} = (3, 4} = (ANCY=U-(ANO) = (1,2,3,4,5, 1, 8, 9} — (3, 4} ={L2.5 6789) (i) B-C)= (2, 4, 6, 8} — ce 5, 6} = {2, 8} = (B-C) =U-{B- 22383,6.7, 8, 9} - (2,8) {I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} If B' cA’, show that A c B. We have, B' c A’ LetxeA => xed’ => xeB (- BicA) => xeB => AcB. WU = {xi x<10,x € N),A= (rx EN, xis Prime < 10}, B = {x : x € N, xis even < 10}, write AQ Bin roster form. U-(1.24808. A- G04 7h, B= (2,4, 6, 8, 10} =O Ah +» 10} — {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} = (1,3,5,7,9} ANB [Link]} 0 (1,3,5,7,9} = 35,7}.Long Answer I / Long Answer Il Type Exe. Buk LAU =2,3,45, 689A 34ND BAS) Show that (AUB)'=A’ OB’ and (AB)'=A' UB Sol, Given U= (1,2, 3,4, 5, 6,8},A~= (2,34) and B= 0,45) AUB= (2.3.4) 0 B45) 2345) (Au by= 23.45) Ext. = 11,2.3,4,5,6,8)- 23.4.5) = (1.6.8) oO = 12,3,4) = 11,2,3,4,5,6,8) — (2.34) = 11.568) B= (3,4,5)" = (1,2,3,4,5,6,8)- 4,5) “ = ([Link]) NOB’ (1,5,6,8) 0 (1,268) al 11.6,8) w From () and (i), we get (AuBy=a'oB! Sot Now, AO B= (2.3.4) 9 B45} = Bs} (AN BY'= (1,2, 3.4,5,6,8)- 3.4) = 0,2.5,68) wo NOB=(1,5,6,8) 0 (1,2,6.8) = 1.2,5,6.8) oy From (i) and (jv), we get (An By = AUB. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Very Short (Objective Type) / Short Answer Type 5. 1, Given U= (1,2,3,4,7,8) and set A’ (2,3) then set mal 6 (@) (2,3) (©) (1,3,4,7,8) 1 © 1,4,7.8) @ (1,2.3,4) 2. Given U=(-5, 5] and A is (-3, 5), then A’ is . (@) [-5,-3) () 4,5) © &5,-3) @ (45) % 3. Taking the set of natural numbers as universal set and Set A= (x @N:x2 7}, then Ais (@) @eN:x>7} (©) WeNix<7} (© eN:xs7} @ (reN:x27 4, Taking the set of natural numbers as universal set, write the complement of the set of prime numbers. Let U = {1 2, 3, 4 5: & ThA S61 B= 3, 5) and C= (1, 2,4, Thy verify tham A (AG By oy AU B= (2,4,6) 0 35) = (2.3.4,5.6) = (AUB) 12,345.67) ([Link]) 1,7) AN AUBY= 2460107) 26 From the given Venn diagram, determin yy following sets: aus (i AOB (iy A-B (i) ANB) © (0,2,3,5.6.8) Gi (2.5) 9) 10,1,2,5,6,8,3,19 IU = (23,456,789 B= (2, 4,68), C= (3,4, 5,6), D= (6, 7,8 9h find 0 @-0 BOD’ erm) () B-C= (2,4,6,8) - ([Link]) 2,8) (B-Cy=U-@-C) = (1,234.56. 7.89} - 0,8) =13,4,[Link]) (p'-U-D 1,2,3.4,5, [Link]) ~ (6,7, 8,9) [Link], 5} BAD'= (2,468) 0 (,2,3,4,5}= (4) (aus Let set U= set of English alphabet, set A= setof vowels, find A’ Letset U= (1 find (B - A). IfU= (1, 2,3, 4, 5,6, 7,8, 9), A (1,234), B= (2,4,6,8). Find (A~By. Let U be the set of all triangles in a plane. IFA isthe ofall triangles with at least one angle differen from 4,5}, et A= {1,3}, setB= (3,45), 60", what is A’? INcERT] “Difference of sets A and B, ie, A ~ B, is same as complement of set B.” Comment wots) Long Answer I / Long Answer Il Type Let U be the universal set and A, B, C are three sets, shade A’ 9 (B U C) showing different steps. Let U = set of natural numbers less than 8, set of odd natural numbers and set B = set of even natural ‘numbers. Show that (A U BY’ =A’ 9 BYVery Short (Objective Type) / Short Answer Type Ex. LA and B are two sets such that (A 9 B) = 8, n(A) = 12 and n(A > B) = 5. Check whether given statement is true or false. Sol. False, as n(A 9B) = n(A) —n (AWB) Ex. [Link] disjoint sets A and B, n(A) = 3, n(B) = §, then n(A.0 B)is @o ) 3 os Sol.(a), as AA B=6 @ 8 Ea. [Link] a school there are 20 teachers who teach Mathematics or Physics. Of these 12 teach Mathematics and 4 teach both Physics and Mathematics. How many teach Phy ysies? Then number of teachers teaching Physies is. [NCERT] @4 16 on 8 Sol (c), Let, M : Teachers teach Mathematics and P : Teachers teach Physics Given, n(MU P) = 20, (M) = 12, n(M 7 P) = 4, nP) =? We have, —n(M U P) = n(M) + n(P)~ (M9 P) = 20= 12+ n(P) 4 > n(P) = 12 = 12 teachers teach Physics. In a survey of 425 persons, it was found that 115 watch sport channel, 160 watch discovery channel and 80 watch both sports and discovery channels. How many do not watch any of the channels , then ‘number of persons who do not watch any channel is (a) 195 () 230) 80 @) US Ex. 4, Sol.(b), S : persons watch sports channel D : persons watch discovery channel n(U) = 425, n(S) = 115, n(D) = 160 and n(S > D) = 80 n(S UD) = n(S) + n(D) — (S$ 9D) 15 + 160 ~ 80 = 195 +. n(neither $ nor D) = n(S! 9 D') = n(U)~n(S UD) = 425 - 195 = 230 Ex. 5.4 and B are two sets such that n(A —B) = 14 +x, n(B ~ A) = 3x and n(A 9 B) = x, draw a Venn diagram to illustrate information and if n(A)= (B) then find the value of x. [Link] n(A — B) = 14 + x; n (B — A) = 3x and nA B)= n(A) = n(B) = n(A-B) + (AA B)=n (B-A)+n(ANB) 3 dtxtes3rtx = 14 = 2 x=7 Ex. 6-A and B are two sets such that m(A) = 3 and ‘n(B) = 6. Find () minimum value of n(A U B) (i) maximum value of (A U B). Sol. () m (AU B) is minimum when n (A 4 B) is ‘maximum, ie. 3. ++ Minimum m (A UB) = 6. (i m (AUB) is maximum when n (A 9 B) is minimum, ie. 0, *. Maximum n (AUB) = 9.Ex, 7, MAand Bare two sets such that n(A)=: and mA. B)= 40, then find n(A.B). (NCE 2018) Sal MAW B) = nA) + n(B) —(A. BY = 40 = 20 +25 WAM B) > MAN B)=45—40=5 mB) =28 Ex. 8.1 4 group of 6S people, 40 like ericket, 10 like ‘both cricket and tennis. How many like tennis only tnd not erieket? How many like tennis? (NCERT] | Let C: People like cricket, T: People like tennis MC UT) = 65, MC) = 40, (COT) = 10 et To find () (T only) = n(T - ©), mT) (CUT) = mC) + H(T)— (COT) 65= 40+ m(T)-10 = m(T) = 35 (TC) = n(T)=n(C 9 T) = 35 = 1 Ex, 9, Given m(U) = 60, n(A) = 37, n(B) = 30, find © maximum m(AU B) (i) minimum mA B) (Gi) minimum m(A.9 B). Sol, We bave AUB CU > MAUB) $1(U) = mA) + (B) -AAB) AN B)27 (9 Maximum (AWB) = n(U)= 6028 (AUB) < 60 (i) Minimum (A.W B) = n(A) if Bc A ‘Minimum n(A.U B) = 37 (Git) Minicmara (A.B) s Ex, 10,10 a group of 950 persons, 750 1d 460 can speak English, find: (9 how many can speak both Hindi and English? (Gi) how many can speak Hindi only? i how many can speak English only? Sol, If H and E denote the set of persons who ean speak Hindi and English then ‘(HW B) = 950, n(H) = 750, m(E) = 460 (9 m(Ft 9 E) = nH) + mE) —n(H VE) = 750 + 460 950 = 260 (Gd n(84 only) = nH — E) = nH) — m(H 9 B) 1750 ~ 260 = 490 n(E) ~ n(H 9 E), speak Hindt (i) (only) Long Answer 1 / Long Answer Il Type Ex. 12 Sol Ex 3. Sol. ‘A survey shows that 63% of the Americans lig cheese whereas 76% like apples. 103% of the ‘Americans like both cheese and apples, find the value of x Let A: Americans like cheese; B: Ameticans lke apples. n(A) = 63, mB) = 76 (AB) = nA) + (B) ~ n(A.0 By = MAU B)+ MAB) = 63 + 76 = 139 nA. 0B) = 139 n(AWB) Now since m(A UB) < 100 n(A.0B) > 139 ~ 100 MAO B)2 39 ® Now (AB) cAand (AB) < B => MAB) $63 and MAM B) < 76 = MANB)SO ry From (i) and (i), 39 < n(A.7 B) < 63, ie 3951563 ‘Mathematics, 72% passed in Science and 13% failed in both the subjects, 1312 students passed {in both the subjects. Find the total number of ‘students who appeared in the examination, Let total students be 100, Let n(U) = 100 ‘Then number of students passed in Mathematics =, ie. m(M) = 80 ‘Number of students passed in Science = 72, ie n(S) = 72 [Number of students passed in at least one ofthe subjects = 100 ~ 13 = 87, Le. m(M US) = 87 (MU S) = nM) + m(8) ~ nM 9 8) = 87= 80+ 72-MN8) 5 WMns)=6s So, 65% passed in both the subjects. Let total number of students be x = 6% ofx=312 > aM cin maso, Tea mabe of set speed 80. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read newspaper ‘T,26 read newspaper 1,9 read both H and I Il rad ‘both H and T, 8 read both T and 1,3 read allthree ‘newspapers. Find (@ the number of people who read at least one ‘of the newspapers. i the number of people who read exactly 0¢ newspaper. INCERT] atdtetg=25 4 etdtftg=26 i)RACTICE QUESTIONS Jery Short (Objective Type) / Short Answer Type \.For sets A and B, n(A U B) = 40, n(A — B) = 12, (A OB) = 20, then n(A 9 B) is (@) 18 28 © 2 2ILA CB then (a) nA) > n(B) (b)_n(A) 2 n(B) (©) mA) < n(B) (@) n(A) < n(B) Min a group of 40 students, 26 take tea, 18 take coffee and 8 take neither of the two, then number of persons taking both the tea and coffee is (a) 32 © 18 (o) 12 @8 4, and B are two sets such that n(A - B) = 20 + x, n(B - A) = 3x and n(A 9 B) = x + 1. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate this information. If (A) =n(B), find (i the value of x (i) n (AUB). Sf A and B are two sets such that n(A) = 36, n(B) = 55 and n(A 0B) = 30, find () mA-B) (ii) n(only B). 6-There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had ‘been exposed to the chemical C,, 50 to chemical C, and 30 to both the chemicals C, and C,, Find the number of individuals exposed to: @ 8 (i) chemical C, but not chemical C,. (ii) chemical C, or chemical C,, INCT 2012] 74n a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as drinking apple juice, 150 as drinking orange juice and 75 were listed as both drinking apple as well as orange juice. Find how many students were drinking neither apple juice nor orange juice? INCERT} Long Answer I / Long Answer II Type [Link] are 20 students in a Chemistry class ang 30 students in a Physics class, Find the number of students who are either in Physics class or in Chemistry class in the following cases: (#) two classes meet at the same time. (ii) the two classes meet at different hours and ten students are enrolled in both the courses, 9.1n a class of 35 students, 17 have taken Mathematics, 10 have taken Mathematics but not Economics. Find the number of students who have taken both Mathematics and Economics and the number of students who have taken Economics but not Mathematics, if itis given that each studenthas taken either Mathematics or Economics or both, [Link] a locality of $00 people, people speak Bengali or Urdu or both, 270 speak Bengali only and 75 speak both Bengali and Urdu. How many of them speak Urdu? Also find how many speak Urdu only? [Link] a class, 18 students took Physics, 23 students took Chemistry and 24 students took Mathematics. Of these 13 took both Chemistry and Mathematics, 12 took both Physics and Chemistry and 11 took both Physics and Mathematics. If students offered all the three subjects, find: () total number of students in the class. (i) how many took Mathematics but not Chemistry? (iii) how many took exactly one of the three subjects? {DoE} Syq are thirty sets with 5 elements S,! are n sets with three elements [Link] S,, Sy each and S,', S,' peers each. Let JS, = US; mr ft S. Assume that each element of S belongs to exactly 10 of the S,'s and exactly 9 of | [HOTS} the S/'s. Find 1, [where U -> Union of sets]