ROBLEM STATEMENT t- Design a Shelt and Tube Heat Exchanger ( Stripped Heavy Naptha Thim Coole.) to cool the Heavy Naptha Stream CE 2+ o.0s*(G-21) Kglp ak 854+ oMG-21) C to 55°C using watur at gotc as the coolant . (& = Group Number ) Process Requirements + 1. Design Toleunce < 5 fe 2. Tube Side Pressune drop < to esi 3. Overdesigned anea tolerance £ 10% SOLUTION :- Group Number (G)= 32 Given, Mass flow nate of Heavy Naptha Fy = 2+ 0.05 xX (32-21) = 255 Kelp Hot Fluid —> Heavy Naptha Cold Fluid —> Water For Heavy Naptha , Thm = BS + 0.5xX (32-21) = VOLS °C ( Thlet Temperature) Tout = 55°C (Outlet Tempenatune) For Water, Ton = 30°C ( Tnlet temperature) Outlet temperature of Cooling water ki said to have (ie=1S2C5 highev than that og ‘inlet temperatun of water. It is accepted ‘in ‘Industries generally. aTherepore ’ Tevout = Ten + ChevtsJ*c Here we ane assuming nine og temperature of water to ee. D> Teyout = 30412 = 42°C (Oullel Temperature) API of Heavy Naptha = 47.3° APL of Water = to* ’ Fluid Altocation :- Heavy Naphtha is considered on the tube side and Water as shel side gluid. + Heavy Waphta ls chosen tube side pluid because of the following reasons : © High Temperature Fluid — At higher temperature the Allowable stress is lower. Since tubes have much lower diameter as compared to phe , they can withstand higher pressure at the same temperature which maker design safer. and this ensunes lowen heat lorses from heat exchanger to the swmoundings . © Mone Hazandoug than water — out of the heat eachan is in tube side. ® Mone comogive than water — Te comogive pluid ts ‘in the tubes then it js better than havin fluid in phell because a comosive fluid ih shell would apgeat both tube and shell . Er—additi—b- Because only tu tubes not the shell is exposed to the comosive environment. In gqddition , Ht is Cheapen to gabricate tubes from expenstve comoaton nesistant materials « The chance of leakin Tube Side =Heavy Wephtha 5 Shell side — Water, ger is less when hazardous fluid contzoai vel he PREFor water , € = lh, * Th Th ann Te a Propenties of Hot Fluid Viscosity Themal Cndu For Heavy Naphtha , at fre 0-SlS4 Calonigic Temperatures *- Ate Tryout — Testn ptbte ape Reuk Taein s Tryin — Te out 65 —e 5 = weso 2 25S [Link] qo.s — 42 YB.S From DQ. Kem Page : 2% at ne osisy , Ke = 1.244066 = 1.29 F, = 0.370563 = 0-38 , Ke = Ofoales = or! Fo = O-43ot sy 0-44 Hot fluid Caloric temperature ¢ out + FE (Thin ~ Trout) = 55 0-44 (45-55) = Jo.b2 °c Cold pluid Caloric Temperature : * 2 Team + Fe (Teo Tuan) 5 + 0638 ( 42-30) = BH56°C Fluids at Calonizic Temperatures , Heavy Naphtha, Specigtc Heat Capacity (Cplye = 2042-3995" T/kg-k ae SPEC TSS Bere P. Density (Sle = 440.387 Kgl m? ctivity (kp Sam OutS. wlCold Fluid > Water Seecitte. Meat Capacity (Cp)px = 419.9236 T/kgic Viscority (H)ne = 0.9258 cP Density (Clae = 994.1982 kg) md Thermal G@nductvity (K)pe = 0-598 Wi mek 4 All these values have been calculated using computer coce by Fitting a polynomial and finding the nelation blo property and temperature uging dota found online, AlL data repenences Have been attached ‘in the code. Heat Balance ( Enthalpy Balance): thy Co, » Than - Tht) = me Ce - (Trout — Tein) = Q 2655 x 2042-4 x (40.5-55) = Mex YlAtA2X (42- 30) D> me = 366848 kyle Mass Flow Rote of water = 3.697% kgls Heat flow Rate Q= Myr,” (Thar, Tae Qe 255xX 2Y24X (ws - ss) Heat Duty Q= 184988. 21GB TF skqes AMTD*- — Counter-ament Plow (wld. Fluich “Guat eae ire oot 4g | l Tein Hot Fluid 3 : e Thain — Nhout Cael Poe ee anime__ INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY _ 47, = Tain — Tew = 90-5 -42 = HBS °C aT, = Thou — Temp = 55-30 = 25 °C > UMTID = av, — ATs = YB.s-25 tm (4% /or,) th [48 /as) 2 LMTD = 35. 4616 “Cc LMTO Correction Factor 3 Qe (Tain = Trout) _ (105-55) at = Ss = 22-1583 Clasat— Tenye 1 W gz Met = To) 4239) oes euy (Train: = Teams) CF 23°) LUTD correction gacton (Fy) for 1-2 heat exchanger : (1-2 meang> 1 shell pase and 2 or more tube passe) F, = 0.9393 From D.Q. kom fage : 82%) Fon 2-4 heat exchanger 1 Fy = 0.9856 Here |-2 heat exchanger is better opton than 2-4 hx, We will proceed with this value as [F.> 0-4] Assuming U * Overall heat transper coegpictent UE (50, 125) etvfarter (since Heavy Naphtha is a medium organic) From D.Q. Kein Page : 40 Vastusne = (atlas = BTS Gt] by Et oF Vnsrume = 496. OUB WeySQ nese’ A F_X( LTD) > nee Q@ _ 184888 -216% Unuune X Fy ¥ LMTD Uae. BUS 0-939 X 3S. > Area A = 1L- 891g m® Number of Tubes * Heat transper frrea A= Crd, Le, = MUEIT ~ Considering , Tube length Cuy = 2oftas 6-096 mM Congiden: ‘the Standand Tube diameters , dj = Tube ID = 7/2 inch == 0.017018 ™ disc” Tube opiada Meximeh (=) .0-022 407 “. Numbew of tubs % 5 AS Ted iue Eeiieg UAE ___ 22-9 6665. * FX 0-0254 X 6-096 22 AS Seal af op tube = 22 of Tubes available = 26 (Page 2 Bu! heat exchanger D-Q. Kern ) Required Nambew Standand Numbov ++ We have I>? Number of shell passed = fa Number of Tube passes = 2 = Ny Pitch Selection ?- we chose squane pitch over ‘triangular pitch , a, @ Cleaning bb easion , @® lower Pressure Drop 5 © ny, ib not very high .)) Tube Side Calculation, Tntvnal diameter (Tp) of phell = bo inch = 0.0754 m Squat pitch = 14 inch = 003ltSm = Py Heavy Naphtha. Tube Side Fluid Reynold 5 Number t- Rew = (nex Pa) |x ai Hy ME) _ 2X 25S xX love Reo F R x o-oltotex D.AI21K 26 Re rape = 20604-1270 Heat -transper coefficient Es Ditlus Boiter EY : : 2 po "3 Mwai @ T= Te Nu =( 0-023) X(Re) "Xx Pr (ere © aa) hie di i ue. este, hKUSOe Mi —*. = (01023) X a c (0-0 (22) x (Re) «(2Se) ky > Heat Transger Coeggictent hy = 32.7029 Wek felt Side Calculation Sheu pide gluid ¢ Water @ wt Cut segmental Gagrlez Tmpontant Considerations 4 Ce ve ” @& Boggle spacing B= Pelo Py = 0.03115 ™ Ds = 0.2540 Qe — de =,.0-03195 00254 Tube Cleanance » C = C = 0,00635 Ce ee eeTAN INSTITUTE OF TEC ag = LPs _ 0.00635 x Dg X on25y fa O.o2lIS X2 Ae = O.0064S1G m= GSI XID m™ = Shell Side (reas Flow Area = WOR -"z s Dy = eure AS Ea) = 0.025] m Tt Reynolds Number t- mm. xD, se Syde may e as ok Dey ik See Goa ete Resin GeKr Ae Ree as cg as J Rese = —S:68ABX ovezsix100© = [Link] GUST XID EX 0.9258 Ra, = Tube outside dirt gactor , = 0.00075 mK] w Ra; = Tube Inside dirt factn , = [Link] mK iw Tube medenial + Canbon Steel, Kuz SU W/m-k : 254 tony Colbern Factor , Jy, = 0. BeGuss + 0.36921 x (Re)” Ju = 78. 7684ID (at Re= Repke ) é lia |p a ~ ond) we knod also, jy = byDe (guy? (He = S,) } e 4 fo Deqlo, 0251 P rte y(2) = 2 16BYI2 = Me Peg (o. 0251) y (Gre 2 abe K(0.598) ere Shell pide Trangeer Coeppicrent , 2 Mag = 1090.9904 Wag Using, Le ~ [ire Be (Gate Says E | Ualanig dt ed a eka hi) Ee es ea2) Substiheting and. evaluating the above ey Overall calculated heat transgen coesficient , Ure = 270.7026 W/mK Relative wren = ———— x 190 Unssumed Relative enon = US-Slb60 7. oon 6 greater than the tolerance Umit. Ltuation -Los Vassumet = Usaie = 270-4026 W [nie Ao 1g % FX UATD) A = [Link] = _!849B9- 2168 270+ F02G X 0-934 X 3S-YEIE DroNgcse ya Required number op tubes Cu) = 43 Standand number of tubes available = S2 Ds = 0.3365 On polving, Rey, = 10303.9635 ‘Tube side heat trantper coegzicient — Ai = J ay! x ( er But the tolerance limit is 57 , since the nelative So wWe have to perform iterations further untill we get the ynelative evion below tolerance limit which in s 7.> hi = 650. Séto WY] mi Cagfle Spacing, @= Dey, = 0.1524 m = CUD: Os Pe Renu = 11274.4067 fon folving ) BD. 00929 m* Colburn Factor , JRF = 5%-302032 (at Re= Regnen ) . ta He \ol4 he = Sx Ke x (Pr) (=) Shell side Heat tranger Geggicient , A, = 1025-0644 W/mK Overall calculated heat transgen coegricient, VUcate = 203-409 W/m -k Relative exror “|S x100 +: Gassumed Relative erron = 24.9586 7. Te is still greater than folerance limit . co do ‘iteratfons cunthen . Ttenationg - 2 :- assumed = Ucate = 203-4098 Wl fwPK A= ol (Ones X FX LTD) = Td x ny 2 Ae Sis Required number of tubes = oq Standand number of tubes available = 68 we need to 2De = Q, = 0.0150 m On solving , Ree = 4999. S015 hi = s2y.qi33 Wit Tube side Heat Transger Coggicient, hy = 524.9133 W fry Square: Pitch yep 2 td @ Resa = BSW. loly Glbwin Factor , Jj, = so.1eeys Sell fide heat transger coegticient , Ah, = 892.417 W / wk Overall colulated hte , Gat = 134.5399 W/mK Relative wvion = WW. 1333 A BL o> sy. We need to do further Tterations , Lteration = 3 2- Use = Use = 124.5999 W] mtx A= = Wd, LXny Vass XE, % UM TD B= PI, = 0.1936 m Bo we 66 Required number of tuba 1, = 66 Standard number of tubes available = 68 Do= 0.3873 m , B= Deyy = 011936 ™ 2 Ag = [Link]°0° m Tabe pide + Reynolds Number, Rey, = 7874, SIS HTC hg = $24..4133 WY mk Sheu side + Reynolds Number Reg y = S511. 104 Colburn Facton Ji = Sd. 18a4SShell side HTC, A, = 882-49 W)m?-k Overall catauated HTC , Veate. = UFY. S799 W/ r?-K Relative enon = 0.0 +7. So, finally aster three Henation we got the relative ennon Jower than the tolerance limit. J+ Overall heat transgor coeiticient ,[Up = 124.5799 |W /mmte Pressure Drop No. of tubes ny = 6% (final) Reynold’s Number , Reape = 1879.50 15 Ee From D-Q. Kom Page : 336 from moody diagram , friction factor Tube side velocity | uy aca = 0. Ul6G my 4 Tube side pressure drop + = 0-042 6.096 ee ye | El : = 4166) % a = eal See ( a 5X 0.042 x79/.389 X (0 Nee aa oP = (036.0662 Pa 2 ap, = WNe wh 2 Luxe (ores) h 2g SK a9 887X TB) SPn = 0.0844 Pa Tube side preswe drop , Dota = D% + Pn Pf. een = 1936, 1562 fa = 0.1503 pain s tube ride than the allowable preasune dnop presaune duop Umit C10 pat) . F O.is03piwhich in lean *|| Overvestan 2 7+ ovenctesign = | a —“B rs required io. of tubea = 66 av standard. no. of tubes available = 62 a 66-62 y desi = too /- overdesign | | x Ov erclesigin = 3.0303 Y C< ton) Se, Hence, Design ix acceptable Overdesign area is within the tolerance Limit C10 7.). and Cont- egsective.