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Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry Guide

This document contains study guide answers for a chemistry chapter on nuclear chemistry. It includes questions and answers about nuclear reactions like fission and fusion. It also contains calculations of mass defect and nuclear binding energy for various isotopes, including lithium-6 and oxygen-17. Sample equations provided include the alpha decay of bismuth-213 and beta decay of silver-106. The difference between beta decay and electron capture is also explained.

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Lane Bailey
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176 views2 pages

Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry Guide

This document contains study guide answers for a chemistry chapter on nuclear chemistry. It includes questions and answers about nuclear reactions like fission and fusion. It also contains calculations of mass defect and nuclear binding energy for various isotopes, including lithium-6 and oxygen-17. Sample equations provided include the alpha decay of bismuth-213 and beta decay of silver-106. The difference between beta decay and electron capture is also explained.

Uploaded by

Lane Bailey
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Study Guide Answers - Chapter 21
  • Continuation of Study Guide Answers - Chapter 21

AP Chemistry Name:

Study Guide Answers


Chapter 21 Date: Per:

1. The splitting of the nucleus into lighter nuclei is called fission .


2. When light mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus this is called fusion .
3. Write an equation for the alpha decay of bismuth-213. 213
83Bi  2He +
4 209
81Tl .
4. Write an equation for the beta decay of silver-106. 106
47Ag  0
-1e + 106
48Cd .
5. Describe the difference between beta decay and electron capture. In beta decay, an electron is emitted from the
nucleus as a neutrons transforms into a proton. In electron capture (or K capture or beta capture) an electron is taken in
from the electron cloud by the nucleus to convert a proton into a neutron. .
6. The mass of a lithium-7 atom* is 7.01600amu. Calculate it mass defect.
Proton Mass 1.007276amu
p+ mass = 3 x 1.007276 amu = 3.021828 amu Neutron Mass 1.008665amu
no mass = 4 x 1.008665 amu = 4.034660 amu Electron Mass 0.0005486amu
-
e mass = 7 x 0.0005486 amu = 0.0016458 amu (* mass is for atom, not nucleus)
Theoretical Mass = 7.0581338 amu
Mass defect = 7.0581338 amu – 7.01600 amu = 0.04213 amu

7. Calculate the nuclear binding energy of one lithium-6 atom. The actual measured atomic mass of lithium-6 is 6.015amu.
p+ mass = 3 x 1.007276 amu = 3.021828 amu
no mass = 3 x 1.008665 amu = 3.025995 amu
-
e mass = 7 x 0.0005486 amu = 0.0016458 amu (* mass is for atom, not nucleus)
Theoretical Mass = 6.0494688 amu
Mass defect = 6.0494688 amu – 6.015 amu = 0.0344688 amu (must be expressed in kg to use E=mc2)

0.0344688 amu 1 gram 1 kilogram


= 5.723812687 x 10-29 kg
6.022 x 1023 amu 1000 grams

E = mc2 = 5.723812687 x 10-29 kg ∙ (3.00x108m/s)2 = 5.15x10-12J


Since I used 3 sig figs for ‘c’, I rounded the final answer to 3 sig figs.
8. Oxygen has an unstable isotope O-17 that has a mass of 17.00454. Calculate the binding energy of the oxygen nucleus in
MeV.
p+ mass = 8 x 1.007276 amu = 8.058208 amu
o
n mass = 9 x 1.008665 amu = 9.077985 amu
e- mass = 8 x 0.0005486 amu = 0.0043888 amu (* mass is for atom, not nucleus)
Theoretical Mass = 17.1405818 amu
Mass defect = 17.1405818 amu – 17.00454 = 0.1360418 amu (must be expressed in kg to use E=mc2)

0.1360418 amu 1 gram 1 kilogram


= 2.25908004 x 10-28 kg
6.022 x 1023 amu 1000 grams

E = mc2 = 2.25908004 x 10-28 kg ∙ (3.00x108m/s)2 = 2.03382036x10-11J


1eV = 1.60 x 10-19 joules (I’d give this value to you in the test.)
2.03382036x10-11J 1 eV 1 MeV
= 127 MeV
1.60 x 10-19 J 1000 000 eV

Since I used 3 sig figs for ‘c’ and the eV conversion, I rounded the final answer to 3 sig figs.
AP Chemistry Name:
Study Guide Answers
Chapter 21 Date: Per:

9. Assuming a half-life of 1599 years in how many years will 1/16 of a given amount of radium-226 remain?
6396 years

10. Atoms containing radioactive nuclei are called radioisotopes .

Name: Date: Per: Study Guide Answers Chapter 21 AP Chemistry 1. The splitting
Name: Date: Per: Study Guide Answers Chapter 21 AP Chemistry 9. Assuming a

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