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Chemnotesfinal

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7 views80 pages

Chemnotesfinal

chem

Uploaded by

Aarav Adarsh
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PERIODIC TABLE | Periodic Aatle @) The tolble Follows Woden periodic law-The prysical & € Sremical properties of elements ke Be poricdic JondHon® ot Andie oflomic pumbet il @ Tre modern periodic Katie OW WOS proposed bY. Mosely @) Wwe tobe § diviaed ito 4 Uocks jramdy Spoke) 1 M nM @ [The Gements 1 a grou roNe the Same Romber oF hy Valence electron ence ove Sinntlar pro geriet Ex. Group dees is colle olteli metal shave one Nolence [Oleckron ence Nelency + ll Groupr 18 cated oleoline arm metals, ove two | Nolene. decors nd hence tre Noleney 1s At Jpaicones Bre exten to Which an [Acevracy oF measuremen* oe Hv. Valse athe) to experimentally eneasured waive is dos < > #eve valve TAcourecys Neon expe MEO) | Ger alin | EL ea 7 SRC SMITE wn expert Genaller fhe difference bekween ME Wel” © ‘ rae Valve ona yroe valve ,greater ‘8 RE _OCCVT OCH Precision ‘eters 0 closeness of Hne Valued of Ait fers pacasurements oF a quantity & [SIGNIFICANT FIGURES Tire number of signi tleant Roures ina Measured Tprysical quantity fefers to toe rember ct digits [written incioding the lost one swhose valve ts [uncertain ([Rovess L__S ML non tere digits oxe staniticont | Eg. a. Vim- two signiHcant digits [Link] = taree Mani Heart Aigits © [Link] mM - Sx SigniKcont Aig As- 2. Zero Placed to tre leFy oF Ene Cirga non digit are nos signiHeont: | Ea. a. 0-23 tte StaniFeamy fy, Qurt b: 0-0 Ye:Awe signiR cant aan C: 0: 000043 one Signi Keant rE Rigore 2 2ere gloced to Me right oF Pre decimal point are signitcant: EQ: a+ 2.0% @ steer signikeont Ravret | _b. \8.c0: Four significant Figures, [Link] zeros s ploced pet ween “hwo Non revo BGs ave gic iReant Ss, Hheee_signiK cant B gures, lh 1008- bour siqniicans Kopees [Link] notation : Nery large ond smal | Qvantities are generally expressed tn terms of Ir exponential Notation ix \o Eg: 1800 is expressed as wi Bxid Tne digit mL hes only two © signi icant _Kapres VES Calevlations involving SigniFicomy Hares: (Q0Tn _oddition and Sebtra ction _ytne » Hna\ [resus should be Teporied upto tne Some somber lot decimal places as present in tre quan tiay witty the Miniroum nomber of Acti mal” places. | OT | @) Te _“moltiptication and dwision ate Knol fesult Slnovld be regorked yg 6 vPro “he Renee ‘Some number oF sq StgniKaont Ropres as ore oe pre sent [im the leass QreSe Qoantry involved ene ||| ES guoninty itn ut Calculation a @ Rounding tre Ngures: —___O Tt are digit Follow ving Hoe loss digit to be _ Seoined 'S_\ess tnan or 2900) +05 a He lose “digit folowing we axeoter soar Taigis be tenes Hw I ased clessrate, ~ SL UNITS & DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Quomtines | Lengts _ freee Moss, ve | Tene il iis i | Temperoture K OU Electric current A Tn Aeeount reole || Luminous Trrensity | Ty [od Comacia @ Derived ST units Gy Aveo. |__Axeos Leng x Lengio + maxes m~ ; : @rwoleme ||_YoWemes Lengtins reed to \neight = ma Velocity DMN | Veloury +: ms” 1G pceerarions =m GS Density: FS ICY Force = Mars x Acccleration. kay tr gre \ f2 Pressure » #9) 1 oA AI oa Sinaw uni inch (2. 2/Sa Ow Convurtion of 1S nds 1Sindus = SH 3.1m G) Stawnd te rane Second Ise Ww Convewsion of Ios whe nS joos= \OBX OF. LO KO NS ve | ors f # Jorn Dad Sone Daten wen grogeses bo) psp ie @) Desarigtion b Des og hn ae FRE wad an ENgiS Oe | Waatteeetned Ast Tye is eS \enowe Greate F SAAS, Ona mexeoro)o| a ——_—_—_——— vl emi: r for introducing fre avorne are AEST Tato, S Tema For ig pesearor inte VFS colour Windness 5 oo ee || im Wis homour, red Fas DolFonism United r Zomenmes reer ir Born | 6 September Deb , EogesHeld i engdom: r | Died! 3 Tuly [BAe ,Mandnester ,Untred Kingdor| | Awords Rogol Medod . f Nokionaliay: British > Enos - i rows for t Atomic Bnsoryslow of moult ple i proportions ,Dodtonk low iColou Whindnuss 2 I Postulodes: 1 Mole if mods oF ero Yy smo iw! povrics called adonut 7 Gon of & partiador Gemenk ore ident ond owe smaller cherwics) properties. @ Atows of ditterent clemenks gilt in all Wespede od hous dithaenk dewieel properrer. (a) Atoms ofe ‘Unvisible ® AMows or destructible \ @ Aow iy te und ot Genial yeackon @D Arowack dittewnt demenks combine wit eady otmer in ohud fo form wmpound eae swhele number ee 7] Lous ok Chemical combination: chsswate Coun “Nalomet III she eet stl a sie combine (3) Cold explain Tk nakuve ok _ bores? | wrids ‘hold 3 chow ABguins Tree stode @ low of conservation of moss: A:lonciser progosed fhe Low. Antome-Lowrent de lovoiser (a6 Aug 1343-8 Mag 1394), Oso Antoine loNoiser after tne Frende revolution! WwOS a French nobleman and onemis® who wot central “Tho re \Beh-century Onemical revolution and wine hed @ Loxge influence on both Pre Wistory of chemitny ond the history oF piclogy. We 1 Widely Considered ie popular lHerature os re “father of modern herisy [He {S \enown for Cowioustion , {dentiHentior of omygen , J jaentiHeotion ot nydreger and Soldmiomerry, Sot \ @| Statement {| “Boring any prunes) change or “chemical Cronge, fre. 4640) moss ot Ye eroded Cotaned {5 ahuiays Jequai 40 the torod oe oF Teackoons soxen of Hoe beginning oF Bre Crarrgg " Sov. od 407 ~ | munpie Propations Bel ae rate RN cater Sog of cement Omibines with Soy | wal eionigpesbiens 6 She A yak ana ool | Arount of omyqun Wordh combivs with 10 1 ob cement is x\00 # \0O9 || Second Case: 40g oF Chumenk cambinis with | | i [coq oF oxgppr l TAH Amount oF cxnugen Whidh combivus with tof | Jot demenk 1S x100 »1S0q, | Gea aa a i = Eos Wa_omourls. OF OREN tok Combints witty 100g | (-__[o*_densenk in at two Gasct ore too and No, J | ono 18 2:3 which § a Whole ureter with “fe low oF Ho ord 18 th ogrtemenk Ane YEON SAH ata \\\\ | Moss oF WO token , V33Sq Mom of G Obtaiwd= 10989 Mesa oF oxyoua tod conebinnd win Co= V33S-1.698 | 20-q Second expe wuarnt Ij [NaBS of Go ytelded VATE oF UD sw TOSS ot ony added would Ge = VAS6 -198= 6-248q Perunkoog of OmMop> Un BUS SOMPIE + QO-197, The, perankoge chouope js adpos® Aaa Sosme thy We WO CORES jas doko Ove jh accordion: to he law oF covbrank proportion ond pxcve A [low oF rulkigie proporrions # | Tha Low WSS propeses) by any Dalton te BOs i Wo Oemens combirid to form two or wore [conmbounds, Hen Ane diterenk mosses ot ont dement, [rics “combine with fuud mose oh Wa ofr chemmenk , [bear & Simnple whole RoMbs roo wills ont homer, | Exonmpies : | Deoreon ad owygpn Cor | Osa wo T Rakio oF mosses oF CG omd OVD. Raho oF mosses oF Cond O in © is 2°32. eae se ok Masses ol Ong in win Jn Combints Vea Whidh igo Simple whole number roKo Q) Sulphur ond oxyopo ‘combing 40 Sore SE —__RRatio sk srnssat_of © wihidh cornbins “with & Hed [Soy and SO; Rakio oF mosses oh Fahd Om 5 [is axes a Taw oF CONSTANT _ —[tre_law wos _p [Proust in 1989. rere compe \s obtaine: a ,o\wous e2_togetet source i some elements combines _ Ye proportion by Mess pps etree spree) dy dae’ OT 6 ee is ee sprained by ony source Tt E lous corfeins nuatogn ord Suygpe WF ra vere oF 4:8 G)co, con be dotaind — byroky Soweus | O_ iif odwous confound carbon ond oxygue Uh Ru voto B | Nowe The low of constonk proportion 8 valid for [HA compounds mode Fromm speutied (Sotopes oP [Hs cements Laie ir BEI eS : GY \34sq OF GO was reduced by Ra ond 1-088 ro | : 4 ol were obtained “Th omotner experiment , 11189 oF “ dissaived 1 NiWvic Gea end Ae i is a Cope nitvole. woe Covaead Inko GO ry ignition The weighk of iO Hnnad war vaaeg Show thok Huge weSUtS prove Aw Law Creal ove Tre low of tom proportion | | Equation : Na ¥ any——> NW | Raho : ay [aie of Na aivet a. tive oF oromonie 2 Utves ob N2 apes ex | Noksnes “oF remand wr aes aes 7 2 4blares Thus We rao of asset of ra with a Hud — rats ot OrYQ See | maultipie cl Ae Yalta in Se dh Word at Aogies 1 * lossacs low of comin 0 Vso + Roposed by bay lussot- Whar Hao Or Wale Qeses EOC wie ory oboter, ] Yuir volus beor Simple Wade ruber Yoo Ty with One ho nd +0 te Vous oF prededs] GE Hany) ede OFF also gases) providd ol Volos. 1 om rwsured uhdr (genkcok condition ob “Fomperohut Od Qessuxt “Exoomple il i i Oe +s aKa 4 if ey @) CoO CEE ~ Reagonls and graded oth geseout Stoke ok | He OF LY? — eee @) No 33% —> INK - a @ @ “3 7 Reodtanlt ob prodods aie in gaseous [rhe brea. : ____=|. ihes of “niivegue comple, ade an F oxyour junduy OS with W ees and ae peel [voluws oF 3 Fomud [AN mca g LAW oF REC\PROCAL PROPORTIONS See eee Proposed by Richter On 1992. Taian hae Sent combine sepomely wits deRwle ese oto Ind Gemenk jsvan Wu voko OF nae MOREE In WHO AW do coum 1S WANN Hoo sone or SOMES Whole nuMber muUMPe ok Bae Koo to l [-wridhy Anny Comba with eon oar." cD __ Bowple 4 mene figge Moses oT) snl eagle Gawhe of momes of Wobd § in Ta kuad mass ck One Gouy Sa poris) _ 7 aS Oey 0 iit evo sestee 11 Vian Bond S Commbint Jaoghntr e a oe EL sda Wa vaio oF noses oF OKA Bw PB BNEG — ore Woks 40° Snowe x Noor soaudinpe OF eth WNolows ob te [Ce 12> 2 ral [@. MN of Wy: ao | 4a ob Ca contains ] ok Ga combos © aag GWoim [Link]™ Molecules — 44q conaim x Molecule: No of rmoleculs = 4A Bx 6.023 x1d> 2 ene 6-02 3x10%* melee, classmate mmole ols ~ present One foot substone Nowe oF fons peso ionic © SUBSTAN: am Lon oF FOuay owe Ss CE Tea “Thus ont tole 1S He ¢ Tsubstoha ce Which Conk ONY All Tar aaa Varese Vienake ot Oa Conkoue “b.0aB RO Sonnnleculs , os | To wars ol a4 9 ond OCR Volo OF 22-4 [ees i vmaple dF S0a Contos 6 07% AE molecalss nas Jo ross ok Gag dnd occupICcs O Voluws of 22.4 Vives - Thole oF OAa conkoinh C.O28x\0 moleot card Garmoss OF 44G and OCOPES O » Nolo oF RA [yes Anvolt OF Og conkoins bKORXT™ Molecudss , {Hos [a mess of 33 g and cccubics O Volume of 23-4 | ines . [Nomericlas @ Coole. he woss SE lolom oF SOSTOM [Wer TEST [Ba ob Sodiur COMES Cogx 1 dont chscsoate ed pe MNS Momic MASS, MOLE Onan AND MOLE E nee “canton L Avogosdes hypothesis «Under ea a + TTot emperotue ond yessure egualvolw® Soo | E gases contou eguod yurmber oF voles iL Wom is aha Srnodhest partich of an dentin ond in] [| anit dhewiend_eockiont mou Fer ona” + | hove indipendink estrone ‘ail Molecule ig the Smollass potich of a substanu | wide can exist Independant, _Homic mess; Th 1s Ru onerage Wlakive moss ob ox odo of Hu given Gumunt as compared 40 Va Ra moss. oh ah oom of Ch ee AR SSED O88 Lamy. MTN 7 WE Grown okemic Moss 15 Me chowie waasS ___ expressed Ue oprah. il es ih i Elemenk [ar rass | 7. [RSE SOFT] Senplest [Wrote ne tho] —- or | yo | Ao some 12 ai |, _ 1-0. [3-33 sata +-008—} 66+ Too8 bY o2| 662 1.59] | s3B Yoo | th5 len nq |Sd38 33> ve | Enngericall Formulas Ofad _Moleulay Moss 0 Emperico) formula mess» Cayo FD HE 0 mn) n= Molecular mass 7 Empes cad Formula moss ga ean ZxeChid= Gris Or Molecular Formulas 1 x empericod fermule NoTE: Moleculoy moss +2 x Nogoux danaity “clasentate \ “ny B 6 SELL ae a ERe Fare mical & MOLECHER ForMuLA 4) Emperical Forma: vakio oF dikkerenk ty molecule of Wo compe” od mal <) Moleoulen Formula represents te ove Gh dillon Apes ot coms _preeent an ove mocks 4 — OF Ye giver cormgound Maleculos nos Empeice) moss ‘Malcenlay Formula + Eger formule » 9 i Vaeoudas Formula | Emaperrcad Formule | wn | mM i) il “Geta | CH20 ann PUI aaa eas Pee i Gis | awe + eae TI IML 7 [omateats ——.- —— = MTT a mg oO] “e ae Compounds [ceneeteeies MI Wai 240 [fea oer mass_ot Ru Corn ry We BaF _emperical « ond ein is 60, ; ‘ eoddoy _Ttormudon 1 | UMMA NTT [ Sa moles: % \odt: ©0323 x10" % GOI KIO x SE € RISAGE KIO? Eset Wg. Cows no lows ae adaal Be 2d = 6 Orso OUT Clade Aa moss of sedium wWINdh cowtodnt Ha some uo oF ofowh od present Un 109 i oF Ma. TMg: 24] Tho: 23) a4 = Goasxio OB 24 ete es A &-0wx0"? SSS 3. BK IT® C 8S a =e He R480 *9- ee Xe Bao aoe BOAT LL CORO ll Le Zquivalnt wed) ct ar oid ay weigh) 5 5 a U @Equivolnt weight ot 12804 ae I | if i 2 MNF EA 2 BEY Je Equvolunt Wtidlt oF HaPOx = t | TEactvaber weidat of a bese | Equivalent wright oF a poses Molealoy weigint —aadsityok base beg abrt weidet ot pieced wie say Tegncknt weet ot GOW, AB sa oe Eq wt of oxidant (veducant Forma mast [Link] clecrrow apiwed ode @ KL G93: tte Liat Wes ata FQ wh okkyG0, : 234 ia 4amo J an acid Liles SS = Bosiciry oF Mt ovid mT tive nese || 08 Nolint wei ‘inna hi ae recy Equivalent WE opr oF Oh oudant a ala og jE [ypark bymnots oF hydvoogn = 98 pore by Tess ok W3S04 CUTE Hence eguivalort “weight oF WyS04 S748 Miugoy Or Nate Zi[talesiolion ob Tepinalent wegen hae i O) Equant weer? otandemnent» Ab-rnass eshte aca A) eee) 4 Example: Ga Bolan Wega oF onyP ALB a Equwolent weoht - € cesium: 24/ Gi) Equivalint weight of cane Sete 1S @ Fov Element Snowing Naviable valency @s Copper exists o§ Cuprous (ay ahd Caprice GA). | Equivaliint wegjnr of fn Capers Sake = GB 63-6 Equivalin® wero * oF Ge We tupwie salig’ GSSe/L WS Ty eguWvalant wedpl oF e Hormel sal: Tomnala weit othe Salk | [eet drovee_on caine pest | __-Bxoyapes IA he LE IA i Cr Equvolsnt weight OF EO WISE 7 94S GD Eqawalis® wriafnt oF ia Ou aoe angeles 69 (DEguvalmnt wader OF Mga 14s 613 SE as I, Rabo 4) pa io I, A= TA $+ 32. OrNe - I Aaa a AAD TS IL H ie ar 2 sn | c A chsswute oF SEE = CHEMICAL EQUIV eT CHEMICAL FQUVALENTS | — Vg ok oF. nystogn | ru aye ora iis crass | Will always combs wite 8 _pnass obo | ack Nie —- ~ ta is a pyar Wross of a adWwoys equivalank 1D Sone ctw — Subsjoinca mis specie oss Is Beown AS equivalnk moss * Equivolint moss T Eguivolink weight] Equivalvt wok is &G Re nomber of Poys by vnass of Hu aie Subbstainta Swine COMBINE Withor ag disploas diet or died O08 porte bymass of hydreyn ror 8 pore 4 by moss of oxygen ord 35.5 port By Mass of | Qhorint | Exouupie (Ze + W2S04 ——* Zr foys AL [65 38 2 GS pore by mats of Zine Combis wilh 48 | port by mass ck Hak, ‘to displau. & 2 pos | by meas of Mnydreapn. : | 2 pore of nydoogn = eSpare by wane ob a 4 We _| Bena ha gguivcllen gh || Siemilosty, CQuRL mreSe ob BITING *Aa$o . We } poy Eee at Noon > eee nydtegn = Gs park by wos ot zinc sats _colculotions: Youutvie “cnolysis_ 1S o quanttedive ner Tovelvts We dukermindion OF Re ot eh Ur erown scluion wit ta bp F aw “Soli ckAenewn: Sheng. a ae | Followed | is tiokion. a] Rimavy Stondovass Te Substen& whidn aan be wegred [actuwrethy dnd whose SOS Oke HOF to be Bonde Ad bebo ue [ Eg: Oxokie acd copper sulphob, — al ferrous ammow uur sulpno Sodium Aa. osds oe a [ Secondary Srothdords. Tr Subskotun Wwinose saihow at lot preeise Smangi_ohd wwnel be pagans By WE GR, and KQUE to be shownderds zed bekove use | Ezy: Sodio hudionide , pottessiuun ger | mun al Composition ot grrengits ob & Saludion’ Tw amouk ob sclude ASSAVS ina I pariiculoy owourt of Solvent Is row O8 Cawagestrion Jor savengts or concanivarion ak a - a - Sch z SS ab Sol: (Wess yorouvteet = Moss ok golult + Noss OF SA\VO® i X\oo Hh "Naor as [NOE—D! Grom Equvasnk we [Grom equivalrwt wore | FNommber of Gram Equivelint * ea: 4.499 ot Ha S04 “Neo. of Gam Equnabn? a4 Al A EW iscau ake akomic yess Eqavalint wress x Nolinay Grom afomic moss, Gran EQuwalenk weed x | pivetnes ——_}— SLM ai duds PIEMMO. NiO, ORT Se" Mi" aig Eqwt ch eNO, = 58> Be “We Rema oft ot Fein Fe 0: oxidahan Stadt SS-BS_ 2 2H-92B | eEquivalant weight ok Fe Us FenOa, Abmass mM | oxidowt on ie ss%s = 18.6) > @ Mode oF Kodhon | Ex Fer 2Ha Fe Gat Bo $5.85 ports ot tron Boerakes 2.o1b paris ot hydroop? trore HU. od \ EQ. wr ot Fe im He Wachon + SBS x! 008: 4 Dre *3Uq ——7 Fells [3S [ Ty 58. BS BNE BY WEGP PFE corning Wile BH parle by weight of Orlovine Eq. WE- of Fe in Rs KAGION : [Link] acs: ([Link] Bx s, Grea Equivalent weigo* \ I Equvolint waht expessed is Sau! i [coded exam equivalent welefor Ny 1 Samat AND MO Sox Femperodo ___ ate W Norwelitgs Nowiber of grows emonebes 2 > II TART umn ot sao we WANES at TUTTI esas san ap paeag SC we OF Schule watt 7 Santer st grew eon Taine oF al Volums oF scluon un \ [SW fy tone il ETc Env planet) epee weg ob ake GER r \ooo fil %] Reictionslip bekwer molesity& Wormald: | Moloving » Melecoi wa ss ot Sotde « Nownodi ty% | Equivale wags of saute: j ‘i Nolavity: Nowwolty A Equivalen’ WOSS of _Seluke il all a Mowcley woss oF Salk | Nowwalty: Molar, x Noleasas WOSS ot Salute | Epawolend Wess ot Sake i w a etl "8 Mole Frockonoo: RPS mie all : Trig Aa Yobio ok He ower ok ales | q of Hak component Ima Selukion © Nu nome orl _ [eles teak component to Ae Jord nomber of ae UO ji Gkall We cowponer® PERI Ne Solulkons d_ Mole Evonkion GS. Nusbe ot waes olin Guan Gowen aati Tord womete wt wees a el z Guides “foo wole tive ata Sewai moloy Yamaelie | ul 2M “Biwoloy lawmates are IL YNGWIE Ae newer oF moles ot ‘[Satule Alssalvea por lo0dg dh Ws solvent [Molin + Nome ckwelts ol tas Saisle ont ne Mass ok solver in F9 Moss oF soiule W grams ond ww YY Moleculay wags OF WY Salte Cw Xoo ys Wises. LW: ee XW tooo we \Ooo [Nore SMa “wos | ok sawn ‘is inde perder ot Jem’ Twololty does Wor _Groteg “with ewgerodo = JNUMERIR IN cin _o ager N Neots oe ve cuss aed i BOdaH? oh wodex Kind He Wohovity ( ok as , Solution en Molecules Moss | ‘ok Noo +40 Tot sowHon ® Yelemed to oS tM [we Re wees of Ha solule peseuk on owe Liliow grams ot Aa Solukion [Ex Sep oF Ws winid So ok Cots ove | PetSemk G. YOR of sclukion. | @yNetone peronoog oF poremkoog by Vooae Le TS As Vouwt oF 6 Sol ule + Voluwa of soit, Vovows of solution / (3) Motor iut) ; || (Brkovewem per He BHD: Ta umber ok bales oF [solute Aissclud per Taye ot tus Solubiow o5 | & Porticwoy tem perahore fy | Ms. Nowlber ok moles oF Kus aauke Saye Wal { & Nolows ol ts Soluhou per Vilas a f eS Grom ger Lie GIN DD is fa amount of eo QOS presen Mow Ve oF Rar Scher Moles Contd 7 Me I WJM = Weleoo Vx 1000 NXM Eg (2 Bes a Win erass oF aituke “hGavechionie OCA WER fo lech 2.34 Wes ob Wyaroopn oad STP Twat + A Nkcog) ——* Bos coe + pam Cigyesm abown 2a"ates sxe SW Ts equation eS OS38 (eh sine Prodve 4A wole EME Bid) be Heda’ Signihes Mod A wole C\ Brow clom), Kad with Wusrodnloric ocid be rf 224 L hydvoogn ok STP IBwAL oF \uydroogin oy STP om opveo doy Bre ILA I i e884, DDL ot kygroge ol GP Wil be gjven Toy zane _ I “S38 xaae «© Sq Y ilies Hone, AL Wydroope ad STR will be_predvud by “As _othen ob USia of UNE witk exatsa hd “equation provides quant ead produce in ions of Owletive “nowker ¢ ok mole! 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I | NNv Naa rca ey r Sie BE H \OXISO. “xO ia T I, kp oF dag CT h 2 ill Allillisenreee ox Yyy mL — ai The Vel Velocity < oF an SF ON AAR oF ecko ogc Fociahons Gs speu 1S equa) to Ru velodty of | Nafat_winide | © S equolic 2 BROT Ga or Sx mn Bf wove | owbex ON: We _Tombber h_woves_whidh coan be be Wee WOME > 1 7AGa od Aecordivg 4 Rlowded Quad ow Horry E Tass qeater hs wovelenogin wit bee GR ©. 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B42 ict Gn) mt | ] whee Wis we Aa principle 1 QuasNtONy oars fos Sal con accomodate a WARN OY 2 eecrrouk, PHBA con aeeomedale O Wad mew | [ob e ie cle crows | Mw _Sudosat CO Oteorcdoad® & Imm Tyan ot YO e\etivonb Gha & subsval Con [acowsodale Ge waximnum oF 14 checkrons @ Orbital “com accormodose & rraximom ox aleckrons: rae ene BTN L | — ye DATION ER feu | opidodro? womees oF OD odomm AS awe Renee’ Ose, at ano Ane Odor ecrene [a0 nove Wer Ao heUHONT OFF CoG: pareve FO veNiowiwa, Yu\es, : 3 see Eleavovs SHove Waker Ake Tye ok omS ore aided eQUANS Behvoten a grasa, SSoves « a “Sten 2 Ble ckvous gcded Sowaan gar u lita oF OMS OL COUN whe wes a “J ecvowedive adorn _ 4 “Roles for assign, 4 Ok dcdion | ombee all Oxidalion Huwibes ae Kod or ——~ i powescod GAcsgS oO ahors “4 ope Me {- ut burs following, xOdess | Ch Moms “h Cewar’s od assigad OT Nes @ A Sige Woroadomic lows Tree GuUaaOn KWOF EQUA yo Aue [Scere POLY TA dons AE AV) all | aes WA Verh ax £2 +, aS AW Following, \ t lows | roe OWAaRER Hornet Oper = Tifa Cnosnog aFe eS =e) a al D Nosrive \s Seong - at all pirat Im Compounds - w Roloogvs ee Gamay “eneek® 1 a Whar ao Cantvod OFM ot Whar ee ii Wik a Wore Qe drone ae ae | A Sy Ouyegn Be oy a OS ak MO ct Commporn ds yet coer An coded We — pexorides QA3Oa , NO 36.7) Woe rae * Redo veaction | A Hadion Whids UnvalVes dation —| unt Ord Kducton |S caWed \edox KOChan { ora A Subsrcde WWicty Und Orapes \ BAR Yedvaion och OS AM CHAIZINA Cop’ = ot owe WWidr onderages teducion Gah ogg oa Veducing oQer* ani oxidation by lossoF electong | en co 4 Mg Cot Mg | i? 1 G Redudion 4 qeinck Ot errons , a) Oxclahon, Addition of, Ramone Rdvooen 4 Reduction Ada clea \Wydroope ° Removal ot muopn Sn aie S25 RS eG — > gross WOr C—O CO COxe + Maw Um + Oe carbon Bysroapy ——— cayeoe Stata. sie if ites setae re — 3 - Redon ob Wa dnocg aE as a Elechroni © com 1 oF oxgohion ond Ted URen | eoyidction is po ass in Wids Of oon A [trdeceoy ton loses owe ov tore Oe GOns - oe Cj Gale Je Redverine Bo YOUS IW Woven odors | ahi Frnarenle ox itn gpive ove Fa dinkas alloys HY EH mm Tes Se — zn A A BALNENG of EDO. REACTION BY TOM NOMBER METHOD BES nr ny EMw Segre, W EMMO4S H3S049 Haga > Eagogs tings Ty Wyo T ve Sonie— Fk EM mba =P sk vie Sa 3 —}-——+ ss il Bgcad, 22 as to cey @ myo | EMM Og +SH aCyou ABHg S04 Eghog PAPERS g | DID (Bsr Hay, 40 0 BH DODD | 2XMrOn + SADE, +3AQSOL — EgSoatBHnGDy 3 1OED, FBNZO Te equekicn § bolanud 1 _ a GERNDS = WOSd, a ¥ NO N50 me en meta Rather oe ee rr Gy FHNO, —= GUND INO I Hag? 0, 2onis — | L goa xB —ey— ii ie ese ti 7 A eg pole — oy Boos BANDA —_ WNW PQvoskao RG + BAND —~ 3¢y WO LINDA HD Bland, TROE™? Oe re (o> 4% a Cares lie C0) os Tre CONDE Y me MD x- ord @ * [Agta - Se eS cr trecn®) « SEOeET + 3Q fi il anes Wie |e HineeaTs| \ Bon Ss SS7 wash aC eat im WA Wa oh ASE ements Sa®ons wowere ig oO sya Bi SLI INI ea Ree ee A ites gest maT oo ~ iw “Oxidation numba ok [on 3 i _| Ayo ° i l | NAAQS o Cn Ka Becen 0 uae ¢ nate eRe KOE? | Me aii aon Ocnor non wiles eo os Simustion sea ly ot CONE isp | ap disproportion qe yeuciio: Soke. low asidtion J leavad > | oxidised Tasamadiay:| eS-onON 7 3Hz0a —?_ 220 * 02 | | =) 6 a Jectriont Where @ wolecule Teka; mY ror von con od Hs Same ays ‘be Sinisa J -owsly oxidised and vedo - | Pacey en z 2 |Oxidotion number of ied oxides MI Ts oxidedion state un Traction oh an | Clemrenk eae wapound Oxidation state ohtu al eas _| Sarcination one iver ATi Ont BS - 28/4 “8h Jo. et Mn 2a p-notte = Ree Formula. | woo renee a) a \Copper (oxide FeSOa a aerial Fe? s Tron CiNsulghade rates il Len cinny anal 2 Tye of Redor osions: [embincio ReheatH Two “Slew evss 3 commie jo TS Riacsesaes | AaB —+e i : 3 (Eg: Bgs Ry —= Many 7 + 6 cesses yan Ieee: EG p Sco TT [@ Decomposition echows _ Trowes Hie Reakdewn of o corngourd - ex rnok Compounds LI [unre 82 Ell Sec ASO) limes aly O2 | ll Te Pe No Aa Gl Is Displauamner* l jeodions: i | To displocumen’ ot Oth WWon or Gh eee Un coropounds by he arow ot - Some otay ewent or oT few ow i ees “Gacemnpesiion KeGions . av eae LT a i Ber wat a Caen 4, i Vay 124 OD Te targa iste Modi > ARF cag 1m) Jase" Brg \ 1] Botoncing ot ask eke HOW Wreioa rai eae psa ft il a} G04" 4 Gos we adhows Wit Toe Wis —- Ge, 2* Hr tae | eee a | Craty "+ Soe eet, om stsg oye NEE Grads" yah Fee edt yaayo (ie n ry + prea? 504111 rmainaemminth eee aan eel es Tones S160 sue = Ut AO [ee eer co eee NI] ri am errr es. Te us CES B aS) oat + Ga BY 2G ecg HP 1h pied beg : ll 4 nl Ws With Tl peri culos Ae Bio ga | NONOS Shai ahd enc b. svar U aco Sony Wren te t —fernplele “Tha Hum ber of a pened 7 | rovockevizecy — g Principe shalt ys Mery Short peried HEHE | Jelewenis) 1S “Te 8 long peed eb Tle Feet Ce so | ee nt Period L-Ne | Becwenl 16De The 28 shark peried Na-My |G elewers| 3s op B clerrerldaa Asap ar Peete oe a Te 2" Long period Rb- Xe [1 chernens |< Ss,5e [Tae Voy long period Ce Rn | Sa clenentlAtS8 00,6 |= " Tre Tver loug geriod Fy. Og | sretementst 63,557 2 R F AWivQok orbitals Can be grouped footer Ute blocks OKd ju ebhite Periodic [jobie IS Givided Wie 4 blocks known os [Spied ed bocks. OS Bock _ subsveht ay te carsists OF opoup A and | Gaia dittenciciing clechons enier to ns (2 Genre) Gudea Contgprakapr | ns eta Qenens ast alld ¢ block elements. Nes candice oF COURS FB il Gp) Te diaendadg eckvont Grey WHS He Cy jodie tetbte ee fexent po Hepwitle aibrers SW) Elewnan 3 in tt Same we his per } nes of: PALL neyo. forewicad ret a vee prowermies ave ers in different QYOMP Mm : We i A} wedenn petodic Low and. log form or Ww [awe Poladi c 4oble We 4 ste pnygiead ond Crees} Te ces oF Ha elements 8 Hu perieclio pyeeet ne Oy te eee a . Tew Junctions of Huiv atomic Wow bes | wa 3 Metely snowed Hrak 4a ctomic numbers is 7 fro most fundomentod propery ok on ios chemant (a ay UNS x long form ot te periodictobie null ew Tye periodic tobbie js bated on | hoop Bu Woden periodic law Tn HIS periodic | yolks frewtoble He dewantt Orvanogd Win | S.k heviZonted vot collad periods od werricad columns codid ovoups i) Oy sevicds The long tom ot periodic tobe il ll Conse ot ctotol ob 2 . DiI Ti Ise ae Forods. Tus Hyst , | SA Petieds comoin 3,8,8 elewante | Fs pedively oind ate callid Sron erieds Tha su | fouwte 1S gum Peeks contadn 1828 4a; a fekemet8 Ie Spectivel, sie {a FeAVvely and ole called | Periods Ta 7 period is hn Complete me *Grougs: Ths periodic tebble . containg & doicl t > of 8 p Bours. Fem. PERIODIC TABLE SAS TABLE 4 Merdelerré Periodic Los SYhe prusicad cana Chennicsd propertics ot A Cements ate tis periodic luncheon’ oF . Huy atomic weiginte # | Mendelesy classified ol known |Mements on is basis cl ta above periodic law We ta form ofa foble known as Mundelee v8 periodic dabble He classi Red — |Tanow'n 6S clennenis 3y. A MUK ot Hendeleavs periodiceralbie oO Sugiemate Study of elewer's | [enewing te properties of one element NO [aroun > DMs properties oF oMnay elements [ean be easily guessed l ~_— @) Prediction of wow. | Qewen'e: “Mendeleev lek Some eps WW ae periodic —Tele For undiscovered cement bu We il | peak aed He "poperkes oF Paese. Sener im [eg Ge een | il @ rection ot ermicrrosses: ue Hesse of SOME clemnenrs WS _periess 16 toble Axor | toned vsives Mendelesn __ (ee _ Gad EPlobnem | * Drow bas ok Vandelers 5 periodic Tae? . “sotopes | hove Segevote Rous pe Hscpetodic: tobe re — Guo elamen's S Howagrn gt tenes wie woe pans | bebo _ emren's| “hesivg, lower oromic ll wei Po “ae Noble _oeses do — reve c piece. | \ | vo veri able Nalun ug so sho a pt aan lad SY Un oud arrow Stodu eter WOP'Va2>1007 claore fOr ak TUPAC nomendostore ued Wow Ran Oy Te name ic Avec, dot odomic nuwber [Te voots sShenld be ori Hen Aopr ur Qy as ovdex of Hu digit presen T Ax okemic | j wowber ond Suowld be xerwiosed by ta | sulx Som’. Them occu bekore wil | Second woh en sroudd be dropped 4 SiwGlos ty Aa Qual Top amd Ari Should T we DropREd Lan Bua © COue bekeve toun.| A _[Muritg ak Hae tons Tovar of qeriodit roller = Ta cessificedion of Umauns is baud on O Wore Tundotmenkad property ie sadomic | Ww. | Tus position of on adorn GY \ehakea Wile WM Uadvows cowFiqnvadion. sl TD eepoiws Simiostier | att eve wees ahd Amends in pusicod ond chewiead of Gowan oe tony ck Woy UL Grouie con Roprakion De i" 7 as a Pood dabic ~ Posi On ot Syevogeen WwW Mtatoin Ok ~ losthoni cles wesley Aa pexrodic QuLsior (| Grhe odtvou ot WA | | Giy Fe, dows * | ths is unto Spcwca. Qe kos ldo iwc cid Ie dvy de lowe lows 2. aid ¢ ii) 2 iaxy \a v Quant ©) were &) Perio Siw Kan peu Jae ys ap) Representa - A ag © a We eiwawisy i D S-Block Sernenks ‘ [and have Ee [vous & f ywWinide | SOM im caweud walels ose [a coats Dar Searias eu ry Tay ose UWig}nt ‘s ees ond Wofiy Hachive ae Tay 3° not Vent vesictie valsneg Od axe “Gead | Meavcing « Sag. ; pp re element: Tune “eles to PIC a nave EC HS HRY E | Most ck Aker OM __| won rretols Jac ose rouols oda iF SE U | MBAS. They show low Sesregestive_ Chucdoctey Okd vsucll form ahd CONaLLH compound 5, Some Show Vosialn\e Vallende. Group VF elements of cellad Hologuns « ~ & Teusitlow |ermensot d-bioce ore called romain elem eras + Tres ase dls waking ond be zy fon MS pois Vartols Thy Show Verioble valenaa Chad exist . ws Sevaval on dotion Strode Wa Ray congo usr ds Thaty 1OMd abe Vso olhy IA Awd PreaQwane GUL Fo De prresene ele crvows Tsay for SOR OS zyadhous and ale elewonss CA block elemenss?! The elo OF unpaired Cova CROW comnges as oped cokokass ee aa ly anes len enon CRO ck Ca men¥ Tay TEs oF F BOOe Colles Geer Wotton DE WARIS Tusa POsess a) Eve swe wa Hwy Rowe ond Ba OO

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