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Understanding Philippine Pop Culture

The document discusses a news article in Cebuano that aims to motivate students about popular culture in a humorous way. It analyzes why themes of extramarital affairs ("kabit-kabit") and violence sell well in Philippine media. These themes attract audiences because of innate human interests in sex and violence related to survival, and because they are universally understood without needing cultural knowledge. In the Philippines specifically, these themes are commonly used in television and movies for profit, as audiences enjoy consuming stories featuring them. While humorous, the article suggests these prevalent themes may problematicly impact culture.

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Lyrie Cutara
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views6 pages

Understanding Philippine Pop Culture

The document discusses a news article in Cebuano that aims to motivate students about popular culture in a humorous way. It analyzes why themes of extramarital affairs ("kabit-kabit") and violence sell well in Philippine media. These themes attract audiences because of innate human interests in sex and violence related to survival, and because they are universally understood without needing cultural knowledge. In the Philippines specifically, these themes are commonly used in television and movies for profit, as audiences enjoy consuming stories featuring them. While humorous, the article suggests these prevalent themes may problematicly impact culture.

Uploaded by

Lyrie Cutara
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 1: Introduction to

Philippine Popular Culture


Module Overview
The popularity of a person, a phenomenon, a thing, an event, or a place depends on the
taste of the masses. Usually, this taste is considered common. This module encapsulates the
definition of popular culture, the biases people have with it, and how Filipinos define it. The main
goal is to establish a unified comprehension of what Philippine pop culture is. Some aspects of
this module are incorporated with Filipino taste that will hopefully give light if Filipino pop culture
is not an imitation.

Motivation Question
What is pop culture? What are examples of pop culture? What are the “in” things right
now?
Figure 1. Philippine Pop Culture.

(Image by Author).

Module Pretest

Instructions: Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is described in the statement
and write your answers on the space provided before the number.
________1. It is the people’s vernacular culture that prevails in any given society.
_______2. This generally discourages radical innovation.
_______3. It belongs to the social elite; the fine arts, opera, theatre, and high intellectualism.
_______4. It is a key ingredient in the formation of popular culture.
_______5. This serves as the best source of information for a public with a growing interest in
social and economic affairs.
_______6. These diverse people would come to see themselves as a ‘collectivity’ as a result of
common, or popular, forms of expression.
_______7. This is the primary source of pop culture.
_______8. This is a contradictory source of popular culture.
_______9. This is influenced by professional entities that provide the public with information.
_______10. This was the period when it was easier for people to socialize and get similar produce
especially since transportation, literacy, and other things made possible the steps (ex. Mass
media) in creating collective culture.

_______11. According to this theory, the artist is an imitator of aspects of the observable universe.
_______12. The artist was no longer to serve as a mirror reflecting outer things, but instead to
externalize the internal, and make one's “inner life” the primary subject of art.
_______13. The most recent classification, which focuses on analysis of the text in isolation.
_______14. The “most primitive” of the four categories.
_______15. Known for works on Romanticism, in particular his book, The Mirror and the Lamp.
Lesson 1.1: Motivation

Lesson Summary
Before you start the whole course, it is necessary that you get motivated to study it. In
this lesson, you are going to read a news article in Cebuano language. The content of the article
is light and humorous. Hopefully, it will set your mindset that the course is an easy one. Do
remember though that your focus is still necessary.

Learning Outcomes
In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Acquaint yourself to the course; and
2. Get a general idea of what popular culture is

Motivation Question
Have you read the article Kabit-kabit by Insoy Niñal? What comes to your mind when you hear
the word kabit-kabit?

Discussion
As stated in the lesson summary, you need to start this course with light reading. It is
written by Insoy Niñal, a columnist in a newspaper company in Cebu City. He is also the lead
vocalist of the band Missing Filemon. He writes and sings mainly in Cebuano. He is quite popular
in the Visayas and Mindanao region because aside from his creative songs that showcase
Cebuano culture, his writings are also witty. Enjoy this piece by Niñal. Discussion about the news
article shall follow.

Kabit-kabit
By Insoy Niñal

SA MEDIA, mohalin gyod ang tema nga kabit-kabit, kay naa sa kabit-kabit ang mas halin pa gyod
nga tema sa sex ug violence. Kon asa ang kabit-kabit, tua pud didto ang biga-biga ug away-away.
Sa iningles pa, sex and violence sell.
Dili lang ni diha sa mga balita. Apil sab dinhi ang mga telenobela ug mga salida. Way telenobela
o salida mahitungod sa kabit-kabit nga way biga-biga ug way pinatyanay, binugnoay, pinusilay,
dinunggabay, siningkahay, ug labing importante sa tanan sa Philippine television – sinagpaay.
Sa kadaghan sa sinagpaay aning mga salidaha gikubalan na tingali ang nawong aning mga
artistaha, mao nga naa puy sinabyagay og tubig aron mohumok pagbalik ang aping ug lami na
sab nga sagpaon.
Dili ko eksperto sa sex, ug labi nang di ko eksperto sa violence. Apan sayod ko nga kining duha
nakadugtong sa kalungtaran sa espisye sa tawo. Ang sex konektado sa violence, ang violence
konektado sa sex, ug ang duha konektado sa survival sa human species. Ang kasaysayan
nagtudlo nato niini.
May mga tawo nga dunganon ning duha – nag-sex na, nag-violence pa, o sa mubo nga pagkasulti,
violent sex. Di pud ko sweto ani, apan sa akong pagsabot, sex ni nga may sagol kinusiay. Kon
makakita ka sa imong amiga nga naay daghang kinusian, nahibawo na ka.
Nahisgotan ko ni kay ning bag-o lang, nabuang ang tanan niining teleserye nga may temang kabit-
kabit. Niadtong usang gabii pananglitan, naabtan nako sa balay ang tanan nga nagtutok sa TV.
Importante tingali kaayo to nga eksena kay wa man ko nila tagda sa akong pagsud sa sala, mao
nga ningtan-aw na lang sab kog apil.
Ug ang akong nasabtan sa eksena mao nga nag-abot ang asawa ug ang kabit, ug didto sab ang
bana. Ug dayon miingon ang asawa, “Salbahis kang bayhana ka, di gyod nimo undangan akong
bana ha!” Dayon gilabay niyag sapatos ang kabit.
Nasakitan tingali kay nabukol ang ulo, mitubag ang kabit, ug dinhi ako lang Binisay-on, “Sa
pagsugod, sex ra tong amoa sa imong bana, ug nausban, ug nausban pa, ug nausban pa gyod,
hangtod di na sex ang among gihimo, making love na!”
Naglibog ang asawa. Lahi diay ang sex sa making love? Ang lovemaking, lahi pud? Ang making
out, lahi pud? Kon pirmihon ang sex mahimo diay ning love? Kadaghan ba sa words. Nainsulto
siya kay limited siyag vocabulary. Ug sa iyang kalagot iyang gisagpa ang kabit.
Ug sa reaksyon nga way kalainan anang makaigo si Pacquiao og solid left sa kontra, nagdungan
og syagit ang tanan sa balay, “Yesss!!! Da!!! Mayra!!! Pun-i pa!!!”
Naglingo-lingo ko nga misaka sa kwarto diin naghuwat akong asawa. Nangutana siya, “Ngano na
sila sa ubos?” Ingon ko, “Ay da, sex and violence.” Ug pinapaak ang ngabil, mikidhat nako ang
igat.
------------------------------
Gikan sa libro ni Insoy, "Ang Batang Scorpion: Da Best of Eskina ug Uban Pa," nga mapalit sa
Parkmall karong Aug. 12 hangtod Aug. 18. Sa magpareserba, PM lang.

Source: Niñal, I (2014). Kabit-kabit. Retrieved from Facebook website:


[Link]
Figure 2. Kabit-kabit.

(Image by Author)

The following are questions that will guide you into the discussion. Please answer them
mentally.

1. What is your opinion about the article? Did you find it humorous? Informational? Immoral? Why
so? How so?
2. Why do you think kabit-kabit sells in media? Give a concrete example with close reference to
the text.
3. Why do you think violence sells in media? Give a concrete example.
4. Why do you think kabit-kabit and violence, lumped together, sell?
5. What does the popularity of sex and violence tell of the kind of people in the Philippines?
6. Who makes these themes popular: the consumers or the sellers (TV writers, creators)?
7. What do you think is wrong (or right) with Philippine media?
7. Do you consume these kinds of themes? Why or why not?
8. Is the article easy to understand because of the language used? Or do you find it vulgar because
of the language used?

I believe that you think the article is quite vulgar since it has words in Cebuano that people
seldom use in academic settings such as kabit-kabit, igat, biga-biga, and others. The author also
mixes the Cebuano language and the English language, so it gives off the idea that the characters
in the news article belong in the middle-class. The aim of the article is to be humorous first. The
exchange of dialogues of the husband and wife evokes laughter especially the sexual innuendos.

However, the content goes beyond amusement. It also educates you on why violence and
sex sell in media. It is because sex and violence attract people in two ways. First, it is the
evolutionary self ingrained in people. It is intrinsic to people to be wary of violent and sexual
content since their ancestors did so to survive. Second, violence and sexual content are
universally understood by many. It does not need for one to study culture to understand what
death or murder is. Because of the latter reason, many writers and producers create movies and
TV series with sex and violence as themes. They gain much more with them as their content
flagship. Moreover, Jeff Sagansky (as cited in Vitelli 2015) points out that television channels’
aim is not to provide programs with quality to their audiences, but to show them advertisements.

In the Philippines, the themes kabit-kabit and violence are quite common in television
programs and movies probably because of the same reasons as Sagansky states: profit. They
are also consumed more every day than any other themes. For example, many primetime TV
series shown on popular channels from Monday to Friday have these themes. Comedy and
educational shows have the weekend slot. Pinoys enjoy slapping effects and legal wives hurting
the mistresses. Moreover, print media sells the same themes as prevalent in some of its
publications: online platform [Link] published on their website the titles Top 10 Craziest Kabit
Confrontations in Pinoy TV and Movies and Top 10 Epic Hair-Pulling Scenes from Pinoy TV and
Movies, and Coconuts Manila has the title In the Mood for Blood: Filipino TV Mistresses and the
Women Who Love to Hate Them on its website.

What the news article presented is somewhat problematic because it shows that the
Filipino consumers of TV and movies enjoy sex and violence. The themes are a household
family member every night. However, despite the staggering studies about the effects of sex
and violence in Philippine and western TV and movies, they are not going to be stopped.
Unfortunately, the reality is business gain overpowers morals. It is up to you as an educated
individual of the country to make a difference.

Learning Tasks/Activities
List 10 Pinoy TV series with the themes kabit-kabit, sex, and violence. Include the timeslot of
the TV series and give 1 reason why the series is or is not appropriate for that timeslot. Below
is the format for your guidance.
Title of the TV Series Timeslot Reason (in sentence form)
1.
2.
3.
.
.

Common questions

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Language plays a crucial role in the depiction of narrative themes like 'kabit-kabit', as it directly influences how these stories resonate with audiences and reflect regional cultural identities. The use of Cebuano in Insoy Niñal's article caters specifically to the Visayas and Mindanao regions, enhancing relatability and authenticity for local audiences . This linguistic choice underscores regional identities while highlighting the specificity of cultural experiences tied to language. By employing a mix of Cebuano and English, Niñal situates 'kabit-kabit' themes within a distinctly Filipino context, which affirms the cultural and social nuances associated with these narratives . The choice of language thus acts as a bridge connecting regional cultural identities to broader national narratives, suggesting that popular culture is not monolithic but rather textured by regional dialects and cultural subtleties .

Insoy Niñal uses a mix of Cebuano and English in his article, employing colloquial and direct language that resonates with the everyday vernacular of his target audience. This linguistic choice makes the content accessible and relatable, providing humor through familiar cultural references and initiating a candid discussion on sensitive topics like sex and violence . The use of casual language demystifies and normalizes these themes, highlighting their pervasiveness in society. By presenting 'kabit-kabit' in a humorous yet straightforward manner, Niñal draws attention to their role as staple elements in Philippine media, reflecting a societal acceptance or at least an acknowledgment of the entertainment value such themes provide . This approach suggests that these themes are part of the cultural fabric, emphasizing their role in both media consumption and broader social interactions .

Popular culture in the Philippines plays a significant role in shaping the collective identity and fostering a sense of community among Filipinos by providing shared experiences and narratives that resonate across diverse groups. Common cultural products, such as television shows, movies, and music, often capture the social realities, humor, and challenges faced by everyday Filipinos, creating a common ground for understanding and connection . This shared consumption of cultural media fosters a sense of belonging and unity, as people recognize familiar themes and scenarios reflective of their own lives and values . Additionally, the widespread appeal of such media formats transcends regional and social divides, uniting Filipinos through a collective cultural dialogue that plays a vital role in national identity formation . By engaging with these popular media, Filipinos participate in a cultural exchange that continues to define and reinforce an inclusive national identity rooted in common experiences and cultural heritage .

By integrating humor with socio-cultural critique, Insoy Niñal effectively engages readers in a deeper discussion about media influences. The humorous portrayal of familiar scenarios involving 'kabit-kabit' narratives opens a space for readers to reflect on their ubiquity and impact in Philippine media. This blend of wit and critique makes the content engaging and approachable, allowing Niñal to subtly critique the normalization of sex and violence in media and its reflection of societal attitudes without alienating or overwhelming the audience . The article prompts readers to think about their role in consuming such media content and invites a consideration of the societal implications thereof. By doing so, it not only entertains but also encourages critical thinking regarding media consumption and its cultural consequences .

'Kabit-kabit' themed shows often portray relationships that reflect broader societal norms and gender roles in the Philippines, highlighting issues such as infidelity, power dynamics, and moral conflicts. These narratives typically revolve around the tension between wives and mistresses, reinforcing traditional gender roles where women are often depicted as either the virtuous spouse or the disruptive "other woman" . The repeated depiction of such narratives underscores societal expectations around marriage and fidelity, as well as the inherent power struggles within romantic relationships. These portrayals can reflect and perpetuate societal stereotypes about women’s roles within the family and community, further complicating the discourse on gender equality and empowerment . By dramatizing these themes, the shows provide a lens through which audiences can examine their own beliefs and values regarding relationships and gender norms, albeit often without challenging the status quo. This suggests a dual role for media as both a reflector and a reinforcer of existing societal constructs .

The persistent popularity of themes like sex and violence in Philippine media raises significant ethical concerns regarding cultural and societal impacts. These themes, although commercially successful, contribute to the normalization of potentially harmful behaviors and attitudes, as they integrate into the daily entertainment consumption without critical filters . By perpetuating such content, media entities prioritize profits over social responsibility, reflecting a broader issue where business interests overshadow the potential detrimental effects on viewers, particularly impressionable audiences . Ethical implications also arise with regards to reinforcing stereotypes or desensitizing individuals to violence and sexual objectification. As a result, there is a risk of fostering a culture that implicitly condones such behaviors, which can have long-term effects on societal norms and interpersonal relationships. The responsibility lies not only with producers of content but also with consumers who must critically engage with such portrayals and advocate for a media landscape that aligns more closely with positive cultural values and ethical standards .

An educated individual in the Philippines can contribute to shifting popular culture narratives by actively engaging with media critically and advocating for content that promotes positive cultural values. This can involve supporting media that challenges harmful stereotypes and presents diverse, realistic, and empowering stories . Educated viewers can use their platforms, such as social media, to voice their preferences and encourage discussions that critique the ethical implications of popular media trends. In addition, they can participate in creating content themselves, offering fresh perspectives and new narratives that deviate from the conventional reliance on sex and violence themes . Educators and cultural critics can also influence future creators and audiences by integrating media literacy into education, fostering an awareness of the broader impacts of media consumption. This kind of active engagement and advocacy can gradually influence media producers to prioritize diverse and socially responsible storytelling, aligning commercial interests with cultural integrity and societal well-being .

The popularity of 'kabit-kabit' narratives in Philippine media is largely due to their inherent blend of sex and violence, which has a universal appeal and is deeply attractive to audiences. This attraction is partially rooted in an evolutionary predisposition where individuals are drawn to themes significant to survival, such as violence and sexual behavior. Such themes are also easily understood across cultures without needing extensive cultural education . The prevalence of 'kabit-kabit' stories suggests that the Filipino audience favors content that is both relatable and dramatic, offering a mix of shock and entertainment value. Furthermore, these themes are prevalent in television and films because they are profitable, driving higher viewership and advertisement revenues . This indicates a tension between commercial interests and cultural narrative choices, showing a preference among Filipino media consumers for sensational content .

The continued reliance on 'kabit-kabit' themes in Philippine media suggests several implications for future television programming. Primarily, it indicates that drama series might maintain or even deepen their focus on similar sensational themes to sustain viewership and compete in the media market. This trend could result in a further entrenchment of melodramatic and conflict-driven content, potentially limiting the diversity of storytelling in Philippine television . However, as audiences grow more critical and diverse in their preferences, there is also an opportunity for media creators to innovate with new narratives that challenge traditional themes while still entertaining. This could lead to a gradual shift towards more socially relevant and diverse storylines that address a wider array of societal issues and advance cultural discourse . Such a development would require balancing commercial success with cultural and social responsibility, encouraging a more nuanced portrayal of relationships and human experiences in future programming .

Taste is a fundamental factor in defining and shaping Philippine popular culture, as it reflects the collective preferences and values of the masses. Popular culture is often based on what resonates with the common people, thus making their taste a driving force in determining what becomes mainstream or "popular" . The document suggests that Filipino taste is central to understanding whether Philippine pop culture is an original construct rather than an imitation of other cultures . By examining what is deemed "popular" within the Filipino context—such as the affinity for dramatic, emotionally charged themes like 'kabit-kabit'—one can discern how tastes influence not only media content but also broader cultural expressions and norms. This points to a dynamic interplay between societal preferences and cultural production, where the popular taste continuously informs what becomes representative of the local culture .

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