ACLC COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN

Tacloban City

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

EUTHENICS 2
A module for
EUTHENICS 2
Students

Prepared by:

Gezelle S. Nirza
Instructor
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EUTHENICS 2

CHAPTER 1: PHILIPPINE SOCIETY

Lesson 1 introduces the learner to the formation of the Philippine society. It

provides information of the early government in the Philippines and their set-up. It
provides understanding on how the people lived in the earliest time.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is Philippine society;

2. Identify the first Filipino and the first communities; and
3. Enumerate and explain the different classes of people living in the
community.

What is PHILIPPINE SOCIETY?

Philippine society is a unique blend of diversity and homogeneity. Although

geographically part of Southeast Asia, the country is culturally strongly Euro-
American. Forces of assimilation have constantly worked to overcome cultural
differences between the various ethnic groups that are scattered—sometimes in
relative isolation—throughout the archipelago.

THE FIRST FILIPINO

Many historians and scientists believe that the first inhabitants of the Philippine
islands emerged during the Pleistocene period. There are two theories on where
the inhabitants (first Filipinos) came from namely: Beyer’s “Migration Theory” and
Jocano’s “Evolution Theory”. Noted social scientist Henry Otley Beyer believes that
Filipinos descended from different groups that came from Southeast Asia in
successive waves of migration. Each group had a distinct culture, with its own
customs and traditions. While Jocano believes that Asians, including Filipinos are
the result of a lengthy process of evolution and migration.
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Migration Theory

1. Dawnmen (or “cavemen” because they lived in caves.)

- The Dawnmen resembled Java Man, Peking Man, and other Asian
Home sapiens who existed about 250,000 years ago. They did not have
any knowledge of agriculture, and lived by hunting and fishing. It was
precisely in search of food that they came to the Philippines by way of
the land bridges that connected the Philippines and Indonesia.
2. “Aetas’ or “Negritoes”
- They were pygmies who went around practically naked and were good
at hunting, fishing and food gathering. They used spears and small flint
stones weapons.
- he Aetas were already in the Philippines when the land bridges
disappeared due to the thinning of the ice glaciers and the subsequent
increase in seawater level. This natural event “forced” them to remain in
the country and become its first permanent inhabitants.

3. Indonesians
- They came to the islands in boats. They were more advanced than the
Aetas in that: they had tools made out of stone and steel, which
enabled them to build sturdier houses: they engaged in farming and
mining, and used materials made of brass; they wore clothing and other
body ornaments.
4. Malays
- hey were believed to have come from Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the
Malay Peninsula more than 2,000 years ago. Like the Indonesians, they
also travelled in boats.
- were brown-skinned and of medium height, with straight black hair and
flat noses. Their technology was said to be more advanced than that of
their predecessors. They engaged in pottery, weaving, jewelry making
and metal smelting, and introduced the irrigation system in rice planting.

Jocano’s Theory

1. Tabon Man
- In 1962, a skullcap and a portion of a jaw-presumed to be a human
origin-were found in the Tabon Caves of Palawan by archaeologist
Robert Fox and Manuel Santiago, who both worked for the National
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Museum. Carbon dating placed their age at 21,000

to 22,000 years. This proves, Jocano argues, that man
came earlier to the Philippines than to the Malay
Peninsula; therefore, the first inhabitants of our islands
could not have come from the region.
- The “Tabon Man” is said to resemble Java Man and
Peking Man. He gathered fruits, leaves and plants for
his food. He hunted with weapons made of stone.
Although further research is still being done on his life
and culture, evidence shows that he was already
capable of using his brain in order to survive and keep
himself safe.

THE FIRST COMMUNITY

BARANGAY

• It is used to be the form of government.

• The name barangay is originated from the word “balangay”, a malay
word for sailboat.
• Units of social organization with broader political, economic, and
religious features than family. (Jocano 1975)
• Consists of 30 – 100 families and had a distinct culture of their own.
• As a political organization, it was consultative monarchy and was
considered that the barangays carried on trade and commerce not
only among themselves,
but also with other foreign
entities.
• The conclude treaty of
friendship and alliance with
each other through ritual
sanduguan or blood
compact.
• It is ruled by a Datu or
Maginoo.
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THREE (3) CLASSES OF PEOPLE

➢ DATU / MAGINOO
- The chief in Visayan is called Datu while the Tagalogs call him
Maginoo.
- The chieftain of the whole barangay and the wealthiest person in the
community.
DATU HAVE MANY POWER
• In times of peace:
Executive, Legislator, Chief Justice
• In war:
He is the commander in chief
• Foreign Affairs:
The Datu enables treatise and blood compact

How can you be a DATU?

✓ It may be inherited, either by a man or a woman. (the eldest child)
✓ Can be chosen by the community according to the following
characteristics.
- Bravest
- Wealthiest
- Wise
➢ MAHARLIKA
- Intermediate class of men who have enough land, those who
rendered services to the rulers and do not work on fields.
- They are the commoners. They can own their own land and don’t
have to pay regular tribute.
- They are also referred to as Freeman.
➢ Oripun/ Alipin
- Slavery is a system where humans are treated as property.
- They are force to do work for their masters
- Slavery may be due to the following:
✓ Inherited status
✓ Captured during war
✓ Those who cannot pay their debt
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✓ Punishment from the crime committed

✓ Sold to become slaves

- 2 Kind of Slaves

• Aliping namamahay- owned house and properties

• Aliping sagigilid- has no right, could be sold anytime by his master,
generally they are captives during war.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 1.1
1. What is Philippine society?
2. Differentiate the Beyer’s Migration theory and Jocano’s Theory
3. Define what is barangay?
4. Explain the 2 types of Alipin

Exercise 1.1
Fill in the table below by writing the characteristics of each class.

Datu Maharlika Alipin

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CHAPTER 2: CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

Lesson 2 introduces the learner to the customs and traditions of the

Philippines. It provides information on the culture that gives a big reflection of its
great and complex history.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Differentiate customs and traditions;

2. Understand the different customs and traditions practiced in the
Philippines;
3. Define superstition or pamahiin; and
4. Identify the different mythical creatures and other superstitious beliefs.

CUSTOMS vs TRADITION

Customs are usual ways of behaving but they are not as old as traditions.
When a custom continues from generation to generation it becomes a tradition.
Traditions is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with
symbolic meaning or special significance with origins of the past.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITION PRACTICED IN THE PHILIPPINES

A blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic culture with the influence
from Chinese, Indians Arabs, and other Asian cultures really contribute to the
customs and traditions of the Filipinos.

1. Mano Po
- It is a way of giving respect to the elders and I
believe that is also a way of receiving blessing
to the elders.
- When children or young people greet or say
goodbye to their elders they typically do so by
taking the right hand of the elder with their right
hand and touch the back the elder's hand
lightly on their forehead.
- Mano is a Spanish word for “hand” while Po is used in the end of the
sentence when addressing elders or superiors.
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2. Being hospitable
- Foreign visitors in the country are treated
with the utmost respect. This trait is usually
seen during fiestas and holidays where
many Filipinos are giving their best to
entertain their visitors well.

3. Close Family Ties

- It is one of the outstanding cultural values that
Filipinos have. The family takes care of each other and
are taught to be loyal to family and elders by simply
obeying their authorities.
- Having fondness for family reunions during secular
and religious holidays such as Christmas, New Year’s
Eve, All Saints’ Day, Holy Week, Fiestas, homecomings,
birthdays, weddings, graduations, baptisms, funerals
etc. is evidence that Filipino people valued not only our
cultural tradition but the spirit of our family.

4. Serenading or Harana
- one of the most popular forms of courtship
to show that a man is very serious with his
intentions to a woman. A serenade would
require the young man to sing a love song in
front of the young lady's house.

5. Fiestas
- Fiestas in the Philippines are held to
celebrate a patron saint.
6. Living with Parents
- Filipinos highly value the presence of family more than anything. Adult
children living with their parents are another Filipino traditional that
make them exceptional.

7. Marriage and Wedding Customs

- In the country, marriage is a sacred union of man and women after a
period of courtship and engagement. It is a sacrament between two
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people who love each other. For many Filipinos, the eternal quality of
dedication to God pervades a truly sacred marriage.
- A sacred marriage is a covenant between two who love each other in
God and with God, whose joining becomes an expression of the desire
of each to love and serve God together.
8. Bahay- Kubo (Architecture)
- It is a type of stilt house indigenous to
the cultures of the Philippines. It is also
known as payag or kamalig in other
languages of the Philippines. It often
serves as an icon of Philippine culture.

9. Cuisine
- The Philippines is considered the melting pot of Asia.
- A typical Pinoy diet consists at most of six meals a day; breakfast,
snacks, lunch, snacks, dinner, and again a midnight snack before going
to sleep.
- Rice is a staple in the Filipino diet, and is usually eaten together with other
dishes. Filipinos regularly use spoons together with forks and knives. Some
also eat with their hands, especially in informal settings, and when eating
seafood.
10. Eating with Hands (Kamayan)

PAMAHIIN/ SUPERSTITION
It is any belief or practice that is considered irrational or supernatural
• The number of steps of staircases at home should not be divisible by
three
• Turn your plate when someone leaves in the middle of a meal
• Don’t go straight home after attending a wake
• Siblings should not marry within the same year
• Serve pancit (noodles) at celebrations, especially birthdays
• Be careful when showing fondness over babies
• Blame your missing things on elves
• Respect the elementals
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MYTHICAL CREATURES

1. ASWANG- The aswang is probably the most common of Filipino monsters

since there are so many different kinds. In general, they are shape shifters
who are human by day and then at night turn into a dog, a pig, a bat,
cat, snake
2. Tiktik- Tiktik is a creature with a form of bird-like human. It is similar to
“wakwak” in the common Filipino term.
3. Sigbin- The Sigbin, a type of Aswang, varies by region. It can resemble a
reptilian crow or a goat. Its front legs are significantly shorter than its hind
legs and it moves in a backwards crabwalk with its head drooping down.
It smells pretty foul and can jump high distances.
4. Tiyanak- In the Philippines, it’s believed that the souls of unbaptized
babies go into a state of limbo after death and return as evil spirits.
5. Duwende- They are small, child-like creatures who dwell in houses, trees,
underground, mounds, and rural areas. Duwende usually comes out at
noon for about an hour, and at night.
6. Manananggal- At night, these winged creatures separate their torso from
their body and use the upper half to fly on top of houses and prey on
fetuses of pregnant women.
7. Mangkukulam- They are said to be people, especially women, who
possess supernatural powers and have the ability to cast evil spells to their
victims. They are the bad witches; they use dark magic.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 2.1
1. What is the difference between customs and tradition?
2. Give at least 3 examples each for customs and traditions.
3. What are the different customs and traditions that you still practice at
home? Cite at least 5.
4. Define what superstition is.

Exercise 2.1
Locate 10 Mythical creature in the grid, possible directions are horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally and encircle them
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CHAPTER 3: ETHNOLIGUISTIC GROUPS AND SUBCULTURES

Lesson 3 introduces the learner to the different ethno linguistic groups and
subcultures in the Philippines. It provides information on a certain ethno linguistic
group sustain themselves through language and ethnicity and understand the
different characteristics that distinguish one community to the other.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is ethno linguistic group;

2. Identify some of the ethno linguistic group in the Philippines; and
3. Enumerate the different subcultures in the Philippines.

What is ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUP?

It is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language. A

central concept in the linguistic study of ethno linguistic groups is ethno linguistic
vitality, the ability of the group's language and ethnicity to sustain.
The Philippines is inhabited by more than 175 ethno linguistic nations, the
majority of whose languages are Austronesian in origin.

Factors that influence the ethnolinguistic vitality are:

✓ Demographics
✓ Institutional control
✓ status

SOME OF THE LARGEST ETHNOLIGUISTIC GROUP IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Tagalogs
- are the most widespread ethnic group in the Philippines. They
predominate the entirety of the Manila and mainland southern Luzon
regions, with a plurality in Central Luzon and coastal parts of Mindoro.
- Tagalog language was chosen as an official language of the Philippines
in 1935.
2. Cebuano
- are the second most widespread ethnic group in the Philippines after
the Tagalog people. They are originally native to the province of Cebu
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in the region of Central Visayas whose primary language is the Cebuano

language and later spread out to other places in the Philippines, such
as Siquijor, Bohol, Negros Oriental, southwestern Leyte, western Samar,
Masbate, and large parts of Mindanao.
- The majority of Cebuanos are Roman Catholic.
3. Ilocano
- are a predominantly Christian group who reside within the lowlands and
coastal areas of northwestern Luzon.
- They speak Ilocano and they form the third largest ethnolinguistic group
in the Philippines at about 8.1 million.
- Their famoust folk literature is Biag ni Lam-ang (The Life of Lam-ang), an
epic poem with similarities with the Ramayana.
4. Hiligaynon
- often referred to as Ilonggo people.
- It refers to the ethnic race whose primary language is the Hiligaynon
language, an Austronesian language native to Panay, Guimaras, and
Negros Occidental. Other Hiligaynons lived in Romblon, Palawan,
Masbate, SOCCSKSARGEN Over the years, inter-migrations and intra-
migrations have contributed to the diaspora of the Hiligaynons to
different parts of the Philippines.
5. Bicolanos
- are a predominantly Roman Catholic ethnic group that originates from
the Bicol Region in Southern Luzon.
- They are the fifth-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines
- The most widespread Bicol language is Central Bicol comprising Naga,
Legazpi, Daet and Partido dialects (Virac is sometimes considered as a
separate language). They are known for their cuisine heavily using chili
peppers and coconut milk.
6. Maguindanao
- people are the historical people of the Sultanate of Maguindanao. The
name "Maguindanao" is generally translated to mean "people of the
flood plains". However, it comes from the root word danao (also danaw,
ranaw, or lanaw), which can also mean "lake". Thus, the name can also
be translated as "people of the lake", identical to their closely-related
neighbors, the Maranao and Iranun people.
- Arabic is spoken by a minority of the Moro people, being the liturgical
language of Islam.
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7. Cuyunon
- They are lowland dwellers hailing originally from the island town of Cuyo
and other surrounding islands.
- They claim descent from the Kadatuan of Taytay and have historically
spread to northern and central Palawan. They also call themselves as
Palaweños,
- They are considered an elite class among the hierarchy of native
Palaweños.
- They speak the Cuyonon language, which is a Visayan language, but
have recently also adopted Tagalog and Hiligaynon due to an increase
of Tagalog-speaking immigrants from Luzon
8. Tausūg or Suluk
- are an ethnic group of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. The
Tausūg are part of the wider political identity of Muslims of Mindanao,
Sulu and Palawan. Most of the Tausugs have converted into the religion
of Islam.
- The Muslim Tausugs originally had an independent state known as the
Sulu Sultanate, which once exercised sovereignty over the present-day
provinces of Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, the eastern part of the
Malaysian state of Sabah (formerly North Borneo) and North Kalimantan
in Indonesia.
- "Tausug" means "the people of the current", from the word tau which
means "man" or "people" and sūg which means "sea currents".
9. Maranao
- It is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern
tribe who are the "people of the lake", a predominantly-Muslim Lanao
province region of the Philippine island of Mindanao.
- They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal
crafts and epic literature, the Darengen.
10. Pangasinense
- are the eighth-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines.
- They predominate in the northwestern portion of Central Luzon (entire
Pangasinan, northern Tarlac, northwestern Nueva Ecija and northern
Zambales), as well as southwestern parts of La Union and Benguet. They
are predominantly.

11. Kapampangan
- are the seventh-largest ethnic group in the Philippines.
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- They predominate in the southwestern portion of Central Luzon (entire

Pampanga, southern Tarlac, southwestern Nueva Ecija, southeastern
Zambales, western Bulacan and northeastern Bataan)
- Pampanga was known to be a source of valiant soldiers.
12. Waray
- refers to the group of people whose primary language is the Waray
language (also called Lineyte-Samarnon). They are native to the islands
of Samar, Leyte and Biliran, which together comprise the Eastern Visayas
Region of the Philippines.
- Waray-Waray dialect is commonly referred to as Biliranon

SUBCULTURE
It is a group of people within a culture that differentiates itself from the
parent culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding
principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values.

Subcultures in the Philippines

1. Conyos
- In Filipino slang, it means someone who speaks bilingual- English and
Filipino. One combines two languages in at least a single sentence. This
also includes Filipino words that are being liaised and pronounced like
American English.
2. Jejemon
- These are individuals who managed to subvert the English language to
the point of incomprehensibility. They are new breed hipsters who
developed their own language and written text.
3. KPOP Fans
- A person who idolizes a Korean public figure.
4. Balikbayans
- A Filipino visiting or returning to the Philippines after a period of living in
another country,
5. Gamers
- It is a person who plays interactive games.
- Plays usually in a long period of time.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 3.1
1. Define what is ethnolinguistic groups?
2. Define what is subculture?
3. Enumerate at least 8 largest ethnolinguistic group.
4. Identify 3 subculture and explain each.
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PRELIM Examination
In
EUTHENICS 2
Test I. Essay
Direction: Answer each question comprehensively. (10 pts. each)

1. What is the importance of learning Philippine culture?

2. What are the traditions/ customs that you still practice at home? Cite at
least 5.
3. Explain briefly the concept of Barangay.
4. Differentiate the 2 theories of the first Filipinos.
5. How will you be able to contribute to sustain the culture of the
Philippines?
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CHAPTER 4: FILIPINO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

“The Concept of the Filipino Family”

Lesson 4 introduces the learner to the concept of the Filipino Family. It

provides information on how Filipino family differ from the other, its characteristics
and qualities that make it unique.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is family;

2. Explain the structure of the Filipino family; and
3. Identify the different types of Filipino Family

What is FAMILY?
o A basic social unit consisting of parents and their children,
considered as a group, whether dwelling or not.
o Childless couples or other variations on the family unit is also
considered as family
o Two or more people who share goals and values, have long term-
commitments to one another and reside usually in the same dwelling.

CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS FEATURE OF THE FAMILY

1. A family is a social group – structure & organization that includes rules,

rituals & a psychological being in the consciousness
2. A biological unit – a group comprising a married couple & their child
3. An institution – family is the oldest and most fundamental of human
institution, consisting of at least a man and a woman.
4. A domestic group – defined as a group of human being who habitually
share a common dwelling and a common food supply.

UNIVERSALITY FUNCTION OF THE FAMILY

✓ Sexual satisfaction
✓ Procreation
✓ Economic survival and cultural identification
✓ Child rearing
✓ Education
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FILIPINO FAMILY
Filipino family is a family of Philippine origin. It exhibits Filipino culture,
customs, traits and values where the most important value is family closeness.

Structure of the Filipino Family

- The typical Filipino Family consists of a husband, wife and children,
extending to include grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. This is often
enlarged with the selection of a child’s godparents.

ESSENTIAL TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURE

1. Nuclear family – consist of mother, father, and their biological or adoptive
descendants.
✓ Father - head of the family
- commands full authority in the family
✓ Mother – considered as light of the house “ ilaw ng tahanan”
- she is responsible in all housekeeping activities, taking care
of the children, planning of meals, and budgeting the income
of the family.
✓ Child- the role of the child depends on whether he is the eldest,
middle, the youngest or the only child.

2. Single-parent family – composed of nuclear family which one parent is

absent.
3. Extended family – consist of parents, children, and other close relative often
living in a close proximity.
4. Joint family – composed of parents, their children, and the children’s
spouses and offspring in one household.
5. Childless family – composed of parents with no child at all, have pets as
substitute.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 4.1
1. Define what is family.
2. Differentiate the 5 types of Family structure.
3. What are the main causes of family problem?
4. Are you in favor of divorce or annulment as a solution for family
conflicts?
5. How important family is in the Philippines? And how does it affect the
values formation of an individual?

Exercise 4.1
Paste a picture of your family and tell me something about them.
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CHAPTER 5: FILIPINO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

“The Community and Informal Groups and Cliques”

Lesson 5 introduces the learner to the concept of the community and

organization. It provides a better understanding on the different kinds of
organization and the different types of community.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is organization;

2. Explain the different kinds of organization;
3. Define what is community; and
4. Identify the types of community

What is an ORGANIZATION?
o A group of people working together and coordinated by
communication and leadership to achieve a common goal.

KINDS OF ORGANIZATION
1. Formal Organization
- A formal organization is a social system structured by clearly laid out
rules, goals, and practices and that functions based on a division of
labor and a clearly defined hierarchy of power.

The following are the shared characteristics of formal organizations:

✓ Division of labor and related hierarchy of power and authority

✓ Documented and shared policies, practices, and goals
✓ People act together to achieve a shared goal, not individually
✓ Communication follows a specific chain of command
✓ There is a defined system for replacing members within the
organization
✓ They endure through time and are not dependent on the
existence or participation of specific individuals
Ex.
• a company
• a school
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• a college
• a bank
2. Informal Organization
- Exists within the formal organization. An informal organization is a
network of personal and social relationships. People working in a
formal organization meet and interact regularly. They work, travel,
and eat together. Therefore, they become good friends and
companions. There are many groups of friends in a formal
organization.
- An informal organization does not have its own rules and regulation.
It has no system of co-ordination and authority. It doesn't have any
superior-subordinate relationship nor any specific and well-defined
objectives
Ex.
• Clubs
• social networks

What is a COMMUNITY?
o a group or society helping each other.
o It is a group of people who share
something in common.
o It is by the shared attributes of the
people in it and/or by the strength of the
connections among them. You need a
bunch of people who are alike in some
way, who feel some sense of belonging
or interpersonal connection.

TYPES OF COMMUNITY
1. Formal Community
2. Informal Community
3. Urban community
4. Rural community
5. Global community
6. Sectoral community
7. Social space community
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o Formal Community
- Engage in joint activities and discussion, help each other, and share
information with others.
- Examples of formal community:
✓ Ecovillages
✓ Co-housing communities
✓ Religious community
o Informal Community
- Consists of set of personal relations, social network, common interest,
and emotional sources of motivation.
- Examples of informal community:
✓ Academic community
✓ Recreation community
✓ Retirement community
o Urban Community
- Large in terms of land area and population, advance in science and
technology, with favorable physical environment and diverse culture
and the people are engaged in various occupations.
- Characteristics of urban community:
✓ Advancement in science and technology
✓ Many business establishments, recreational centers,
educational and religious institutions
✓ People are crowded
✓ Class extremes
✓ Greater pollution
✓ Limited space
✓ Higher standard of living
o Rural Community
- Usually produce their own food for subsistence.
- Characteristics of rural community:
✓ Greater personal interaction
✓ Deep, long term relationship
✓ Peace and order exist
✓ Emphasis of shared values
✓ Wider area
✓ Fewer establishment
✓ Few goods and services
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o Global Community
- It is the international aggregate of nation- states
- Common point of view towards issues of human rights, global
warming and climate change, peace and order, socio-economic
conditions as well as disputed issues such as territorial conflicts.
o Sectoral Community
- Include the voluntary sector and non-profit sector.
- Also called third sector
- Examples are NGO or non-government organization.
o Social Space Community
- A social space is a physical or virtual space
- Physical space: social centers, town squares, parks, pubs, etc.
- Virtual: social media and website.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 5.1
1. In your own understanding, what is an organization?
2. Differentiate formal organization and informal organization. Cite at least
3 key points.
3. What is a community?
4. Explain briefly the different types of community.

Exercise 5.1
In paragraph form with at least 4-5 sentences, describe what type of the
community you belong to.

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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MIDTERM Examination
In
EUTHENICS 2
Test I. Essay
Direction: Answer each question comprehensively. (10 pts. each)

1. Differentiate the Filipino Family vs Family from other nations. Cite at

least 5 key points.
2. Enumerate the characteristics of a family.
3. Describe the role of each member of the nuclear family.
4. How important family is in the Philippines? And how does it affect the
values formation of an individual?
5. What is the difference between a rural and urban community?
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CHAPTER 6: FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM

Lesson 6 introduces the learner to the positive and negative value system
present in the Philippines. Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or
motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what is important to us.
Values describe the personal qualities we choose to embody to guide our
actions; the sort of person we want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves
and others, and our interaction with the world around us. They provide the
general guidelines for conduct.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is Filipino value system; and

2. Identify the positive and negative values practiced by the Filipinos

What is FILIPINO VALUES SYSTEM?

o It is defined by the way of how people live their life as an influence of one’s
culture.
o It is the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipinos have
historically held important in their lives consisting their own unique
assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral code, ethical principles,
etiquette and cultural and personal values that are promoted by their
society.

Positive Values:
1. Pagkakabuklod-buklod
- The Filipinos recognize their family as an
important social structure that one
must take care of. They give
importance to the safety and unity of
one’s family. It is also common to find
the whole clan living in the same area
and have extended family structure.
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2. Utang na loob
- It is a technique of reciprocity of debt of gratitude
to others within the family circle or primary group,
sometimes unlimited in nature, emotional rather than
financial or rational.

3. Paggalang
- Filipinos are taught to become respectful
individuals. This is mainly due to the
influence of Christianity that tells us to
honor both our parents and our elders. The
use of “po’’ and “opo’’ in conversation
and “mano”.

4. Pagkarelihiyoso
- Filipinos are religious. They believe so much in
supernatural powers and taught them to trust prayers
rather than hard work in the realization of their dreams.
Success is considered a blessing from above.

5. Damayan/Balikatan/ bayanihan
- Denotes a good relationship
among the people in the family
or within the group or community
and connotes helping one
another in time of need. Filipinos
engage themselves in mutual
cooperation.
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6. Malasakit
- In Filipino Family, each of the member have
the adherence or the willingness to help the
other member who is in need more than
they do, emotional or financial needs. They
have this care to their family member and
this is the way they show their love to each
other.
7. DELICADEZA
- Delicadeza is a Spanish term which means
daintiness when translated in English. It is defined as an act of being
refined or delicate in tastes or manners.
- It could also mean proper decorum or strict adherence to what's right,
moral or ethical. Perhaps it can be better understood by saying that
those who don't have it meaning walang delicadeza or makapal ang
mukha or thick-faced.

Negative Values:
1. BAHALA NA
- Trust in God or the concept of Bahala na is a principle
used when a person does not know what to
accomplish or is too slothful to do anything at all. This
belief to put fate in God's hands may be a sign of how
religious Filipinos may be.

2. NINGAS COGON
- Ningas is a noun which means flame, blaze or
combustion, while cogon is a grass which can be easily burned with its
presentation.
- Ningas cogon means the fast burning of
cogon, which signifies Filipinos' way of
eagerness only at the beginning but then
quickly losing enthusiasm soon after to
continue it, or the lack of follow-up.
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3. PADRINO SYSTEM
- Padrino system, or patronage in the
Filipino culture and politics is the value
system where one gets support,
endorsement, or political appointment
through family affiliation (nepotism) or
friendship (cronyism), as against to one's
worth.
- The Padrino system in the Philippines has
been the root cause of many
controversies and corruption.

4. AMOR PROPIO/SELF-RESPECT
- Amor Propio is Spanish word which
means self-love. It is a sense of self-
esteem or self-respect that stops a person
from swallowing his pride. It includes
sensitivity to personal insult or offends.

5. MAÑANA HABIT
- The word mañana means tomorrow or specified
future time. It is also known as procrastination in plain
English and mamaya na in Filipino.
- It could also means putting something off until
another time. This habit has made Filipinos become
lazier and less efficient in doing task.
6. CRAB MENTALITY
- It is a way of thinking best described by the phrase
"if I can't have it, neither can you".
- The analogy in human behavior is claimed to be
that members of a group will attempt to reduce
the self-confidence of any member who
achieves success beyond the others, out of envy
or competitive feelings, to halt their progress.
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7. HIYA
- Shame or hiya is a very common Filipino value. It is a sense of social
propriety and conforming to societal norms of behavior. Filipino believe
they must live up to the accepted standards of behavior and if they fail
to do so they bring dishonor not only upon themselves, but also upon
their family. If someone is publicly embarassed, criticized, or does not live
up to expectations, they feel shame and lose and self-esteem.
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GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 6.1
1. What is Filipino Value system?
2. Why are Filipino values important?
3. Enumerate at least 4 positive Filipino values and explain briefly.
4. Enumerate at least 4 of the negative Filipino Values and explain briefly.
 ACLC COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN
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Exercise 6.1
Direction: Choose 1 Filipino values and create a short comic strip.
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CHAPTER 7: THE FILIPINO TODAY

Lesson 7 introduces the learner to the traits and characteristics of the Filipino
today. It also provides information of the belief system and their ideology.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Identify the different characteristics of the Filipino today;

2. Differentiate manner from etiquette; and
3. Understand their belief system

FILIPINO TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS

• Filipino has one of the best traits in the world
• Although they have been colonized by several countries, core values
from their ancestors remained intact and is still applied up to this time.

POPULAR FILIPINO TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS

1. Hospitable
2. Respectful
3. Generosity and helpful
4. Hardworking
5. Loving and caring
6. Flexibility, adaptability & Creativity
7. Ability to survive

CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINOS TODAY

1. Filipino Spirit
➢ The Filipino people just don't seem to give up. Typhoons? Earthquakes? Pork
barrel scam? The Filipino spirit has bowed many times, but it won't be
broken for years and years to come.
➢ Filipinos were able to keep this same fighting spirit

2. Overseas Filipino Workers

➢ People who have the qualifications for the jobs needed to improve the
country go abroad.
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➢ Filipinos are everywhere; they are part what powers countries all over
the world, especially in developed countries.

3. Filipino Pride showcased worldwide

➢ These are the FILIPINO talents well-known around the world in Hollywood,
both in music and theater industry as well as in Sports worldwide

4. “TraPo” or Traditional Politicians

➢ Derived from the words traditional politician [TraPo], it means politicians
who will say and do anything including dirty tricks to get elected or get
what they want but would not do as they promised as they got elected.

5. Media Invasion
➢ Filipino freedom of speech, hopefully, would let go and grow.

6. Disunity among Filipinos

➢ Fragmented, not united nation
➢ Influenced by geography and history
➢ Administration vs Opposition
➢ Too democratic

7. Mobilized Filipino Youth

➢ There is a noticeable mobilization among the Filipino youth.
➢ We are now more open to opinions that differ from the ones we hold
➢ The impact of Social Media became an avenue to voice out their “alab ng
puso”

Manner – the unenforced standards of conduct which demonstrate that

person is proper, polite, and refined.

Etiquette – it is a code of behavior that delineates expectations for social

behavior according to contemporary conventional norms within a society,
social class, or group.

Social Etiquette
1. Filipinos hold gentlemanly in high regard.
2. When attending a funeral, avoid wearing loud colors.
3. Filipino place importance on proper introductions,
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4. Always acknowledge the presence of older people in the room by

shaking their hands.
5. Never address older people at the same level.

Business Etiquette
1. Punctuality is not of the utmost importance in the Philippines, and neither
is the concept of an RSVP.
2. They may be several minutes of small talk before getting down to
business.
3. Start out by addressing a new business acquaintance by his or her family
name.
4. Wait to be told where to sit.
5. Filipinos avoid confrontation if possible.

Dinning Etiquette
1. For parties, arriving 15-20 minutes late is commonly known as “Filipino
time”.
2. Follow dress codes, and groom yourself.
3. Filipinos like to entertain,
4. Wherever you travel in the Philippines, you’re sure to come across a turo
turo (literally translated as “point-point”).
5. Do not take the last bit of food from a central serving plate if there is
one.

Gift Giving Etiquette

1. Gift giving is important on many occasions such as weddings and
birthdays.
2. Once a contract has been signed, prepare to give your new partners a
gift of greater value.
3. When selecting wrapping paper for a Filipino recipient, you may use any
color you wish.
4. At Christmas, you will be expected to give a small, modes gift to
practically everyone you encounter in a business context.
5. When you receive a gift, follow the Asian custom by not opening it in
front of the giver.
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BELIEF SYSTEMS

Belief
– can be defined as anything someone holds to be true, either with or without
evidence.
• They operate on all levels – micro, meso, macro.
Ideologies
• Ideologies can and do function at micro, meso, and macro levels as
well.
• They can be anything from strong, semi-organized belief systems to
something closer to point-of-view or preference.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 7.1
1. What is the difference between manners and etiquette?
2. Give at least 5 characteristics of the Filipino today and explain briefly.
3. Explain what is “TraPo”. Cite 1 concrete example.
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Exercise 7.1
Direction: Differentiate the way of living and characteristics of a traditional Filipino
and the Filipino today. Cite at least 5 key points each. (30 pts)

TRADITIONAL FILIPINO FILIPINO TODAY

 ACLC COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN
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GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

PREFINAL Examination
In
EUTHENICS 2
Test I. Essay
Direction: Answer each question comprehensively. (10 pts. each)

1. Identify at least 3 positive and negative Filipino values that you

possess and cite a real-life example for each.
2. Explain the Padrino system. Give a concrete example
3. Based on your observation, give at least 5 changes you see from
a traditional Filipino and the Filipino today.
4. What makes a Filipino unique from other nations?
5. What is crab mentality? Cite 1 concrete example.
 ACLC COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN
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CHAPTER 8: THE FILIPINO YOUTH

Lesson 8 introduces the learner to the traits and characteristics of the Filipino
youth. It also provides information of their problems, concerns, dreams and
aspirations

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Define what is youth;

2. Identify the different characteristics of the Filipino youth;
3. Enumerate the problems and concerns of every millennial; and
4. Specify their dreams and aspiration.

What is YOUTH?

➢ The definition of a youth is a young person who has not yet reached
adulthood and refers to the time period before you become an adult.

The Filipino youth today are a group of citizens who know their rights and are
willing to fight for them. They recognize that they are able to challenge the
barriers that keep them down, that keep them from conforming to their values.

A. Traits and Characteristics

Signs of Typical Filipino Millennial

1. You’d rather travel than buy

material things.

2. You genuinely care about

the environment.
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3. You love anything and everything local.

4. You believe that life's more than the corporate ladder.

5. Genuine happiness is more important for you than anything else.

- For you, a good salary, a fancy car or an impressive job title
means nothing if you’re not genuinely happy with what you do.
You skip jobs, you start passion projects and you face your fears
as part of your constant pursuit of happiness.

6. Romantic relationships are not your priority.

- You’re okay with having a partner, but you’re just as fine
without one. You don’t see being single as something to be sad
about because you believe that there are far more important
things in life than your relationship status.

7. Renting a place is better than buying one, or so you think.

- You’re basically not a fan of settling down in just one place
because you feel like the world is so big that it’s a bad idea to stay
in one city for too long. And you say things like I want to keep my
options open when somebody asks about it.

8. You hate it when people bash millennials.

- You don’t understand why people of different generations
always pick something bad about millennials. As in you have no
clue why they always have something to say about you and your
age group. On top of that, what bothers you most is the fact that
they can’t even spell it right at times.

B. Problems and Concerns

1. Unemployment Rate
2. Forgotten culture
3. Less resources and facilities in education
4. Lack of discipline
5. Shifting Economy
6. Obesity
7. Political & Social Issues
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8. Stress & Time Management

9. violence in Schools
10. Drug/Alcohol Abuse

C. Dreams and Aspirations

1. Millennials want it all.

2. Millennials are ushering in technological solutions to everyday

work problems.

3. Millennials want a more flexible workplace.

4. Millennials demand work-life balance.

 ACLC COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 8.1
Direction: Read and understand each statement. Write True if the statement is
correct and False if not.
_________1. Life is a series of TESTS & PROBLEMS.
_________2. Conquering the world starts from conquering your parents first.
_________3. In pursuing your God-given dream, strategy is not the problem but
execution
_________4. Excuses are for the strong people.
_________5. Proper planning is essential, set daily goals then prioritize.
_________6. Youth are courageous and adventurous that's why we can hope for
a better tomorrow.
_________7. Being busy and productive is just the same.
_________8. The youth are hope of tomorrow.
_________9. A lot of revolutions around the world arose from a youth movement.
________10. The media such as the TV personalities has no abilities in influencing
the Filipino youth of today.
Exercise 8.1

➢ As a youth, what are the challenges and problems you have encountered
and how did you overcome it?
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CHAPTER 9: PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE

Lesson 9 introduces the learner the role of youth in nation building and its
contribution to the community. It also provides information on the youth culture
in the information age.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson student is expected to:

1. Understand the role of youth in nation building;

2. Identify the contribution of the youth to the community, the
school and the society; and
3. Explain the youth culture in the information age

Youth is not only the vital source of state but also a change agent. They are
the evolver of social, economic, political and cultural transformation and the
driving force for change. Unlike in Nepal, where The National Youth Council Act
2015 has categorized people between the ages of 16 to 40 as youths, the United
Nations has assumed that the people with the age group 15-24 years are only
youths.

The youths play a vital role in

the constructive process of
building social cohesion,
economic prosperity and
political stability in a nation in an
inclusive and democratic way.
The involvement of youths in the
nation building process is a must
as they play one of the most
important roles. Hence, youths
are ultimately the social actors of
change and process.
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• ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATION BUILDING

1. The Guard of the Nation

- Youth power is seen as the key to
creating a healthy and
disciplined civil society. To
increase the prestige of the
nation, to maintain peace and
unity among different sects,
languages and cultures and
communities, the youth should
be transformed into
organizational federations
according to global values and
standards.
- To develop a disciplined, dignified and peaceful society through the
development of mental, intellectual and moral human resources in the
society through youth.
2. Youth Leadership
- It is important for the older
generation to play a leading
role for society and the
country, to be honest, and
dynamic towards society and
to become a strong pillar for
economic and social
transformation. Without youth
participation, the
development of a nation is impossible. Properly mobilizing youth labor,
skills and discretion are not so complicated to institutionalize economy
and sustainable development.
3. Youth Participation
- Young is the current partner.
Change and development of the
country are possible through the
empowerment of youth. Education
is the fundamental right of health,
employment youth. Sustainability
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can be sustained only if the participation of the youth is ensured in every

area of socio-cultural, economic, political.
4. Youth for Sustainable Development
- Social participation and leadership empowerment are essential
elements as the backbone of development mainstreaming are young.
Youth alert is always required for good governance, transparency, and
rule of law, where the voice is weak, development stalled, change
stalled.
• CONTRIBUTION OF THE YOUTH TO THE COMMUNITY, THE SCHOOL AND THE SOCIETY
AT LARGE.

Leadership
Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the
ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams,
or entire organizations.
Youth development
It is a process that prepares a young person to meet the challenges of
adolescence and adulthood and achieve his or her full potential. Youth
development is promoted through activities and experiences that help youth
develop social, ethical, emotional, physical, and cognitive competencies.
Youth leadership
It is part of the youth development process and supports the young person
in developing: (a) the ability to analyze his or her own strengths and weaknesses,
set personal and vocational goals, and have the self-esteem, confidence,
motivation, and abilities to carry them out (including the ability to establish
support networks in order to fully participate in community life and effect positive
social change); and (b) the ability to guide or direct others on a course of action,
influence the opinions and behaviors of others, and serve as a role model.
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Families promote healthy youth development when they:

- provide support;
- have positive family communication;
- are involved in their adolescent’s school;
- have clear rules and consequences and monitor their adolescent’s
whereabouts;
- provide positive, responsible role models for other adults, adolescents,
and siblings;
- expect their adolescent to do well; and
- spend time together.

Schools promote healthy youth development when they:

- expect commitment from youth;

- have a caring school climate;
- have clear rules and consequences;
- provide positive, responsible adult role models; and
- expect youth to do well.

Communities promote healthy youth development when:

- adults advocate for youth;

- neighbors monitor youths’ behavior;
- adults model positive, responsible, and healthy behavior;
- youth model positive, responsible, and healthy behavior; and
- youth programs are available
• YOUTH CULTURE IN THE INFORMATION AGE
The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New
Media Age) is a historical period that began in the early 20th century,
characterized by a rapid epochal shift from the traditional industry established by
the Industrial Revolution to an economy primarily based upon information
technology.
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ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Questions 9.1
1. What is leadership?
2. Explain the role of the youth in nation building. Cite at least 2 concrete
examples.
3. How does technology affect the youth?
4. Define youth?
5. As a youth, what are your contributions in your community, school and
your nation. Cite at least 5 key points.
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FINAL Examination
In
EUTHENICS 2
Test I. Essay
Direction: Answer each question comprehensively. (10 pts. each)

1. Explain the 2 theories of the first Filipinos.

2. What are the common customs and traditions that are still being
practiced today?
3. Cite at least 4 Ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines and explain
briefly.
4. What is the role of the family in molding the values of an
individual?
5. Does the community affect behavior of an individual? How?
6. Explain the concept of ningas cogon.
7. Give at least 5 characteristics of a Filipino today?
8. What is youth leadership?
9. Explain the quotations that says “The Youth are the Hope of our
Nation”?
10. What is information age?
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