ASSIGNMENT IN SCIENCE
1. What is a Mixture?
A mixture is a material that is made up of two more chemical compounds or substances
that do not combine together chemically. It is actually the physical combination of two or
more substances that are able to retain their identities while they are mixed in form of
solutions, suspensions, or colloids. You can separate them by physical methods. In any
mixture, the various components do not form through any kind of chemical change.
Therefore, the components’ individual properties remain intact.
What is a Mixture?
Mixtures are substances that are made up of two or more different types of
substances. Physical means can be used to separate them. A solution of salt and
water, a combination of sugar and water, various gases, air, and so on are examples.
The different components of any combination do not unite through any chemical
changes. As a result, the components retain their distinct characteristics.
In addition, unlike in a compound, the components in a mixture do not combine
chemically to produce new material. Instead, they just mix and maintain their
original characteristics. Because the components are not in set quantities, the
lemonade shown above is a combination. It might be made with more or less
lemon juice, or with more or less sugar, and still be called lemonade.
2. What are the Properties of Mixture?
Properties of Mixtures
All the components or substances in a mixture retain their original physical
properties.
The mixture can be separated into its components physically by using some
techniques
The components in a mixture may or may not be in a fixed proportion and can vary
in quantity.
Examples of Mixtures
Smog is a mixture of Smoke and Fog.
Cement is a mixture of Sand, Water and Gravel.
Sea Water is a mixture of Water and Salt.
Soil is a mixture of Minerals, Air, Organic materials, Water, and Living Organisms.
Blood is a mixture of Plasma, White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells, and Platelets.
Gasoline is a mixture of Hydrocarbons, Petroleum, and Fuel Additives.
Brass is an Alloy and is a mixture of metals like Zinc and Copper.
Nichrome is also an Alloy and is a mixture of metals like Chromium, Iron, and
Nickel.
Bleach is a mixture of Caustic Soda, Chlorine, and Water.
Types of Mixtures
Mixtures can be broadly classified into two main categories. These are
1. Homogeneous Mixtures
2. Heterogeneous Mixtures
3. How can you describe the particles of homogenous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture of substances blended so thoroughly that you
cannot see individual substances. Every sample of the mixture will show the same
amounts of each substance. Homogeneous mixtures can be solid, liquid, gas, or
plasma mixtures. Homo means sane. The mixtures in which the components have a
uniform distribution throughout the mixture are known as homogeneous mixtures. For
example, salt and water is homogeneous mixture as the taste of the water will be the
same if you take a sip from any portion of water. This shows that salt is uniformly
distributed in the mixture.
4. What are the methods of separating Mixtures?
Method of Kind of
Definition Example
separation mixture
Separation of
Filtering ground
Filtration solid components from a liquid Heterogeneous
coffee from coffee
mixture
Particle size separation through a Sifting the flour for
Sifting Heterogeneous
sieve desserts
Deposition of suspended particles Waste water
Sedimentation Heterogeneous
in a mixture by the action of gravity treatment
Separation of
Transfer a liquid from one
Decantation Heterogeneous sediments from
container to another
wine
Distillation of water
Separation of components with
Distillation Homogeneous to remove
different boiling points
impurities
Obtaining organic
Removing solvents
Evaporation Homogeneous extracts dissolved in
from a mixture
alcohol
Obtaining iron
Separation of components by
Magnetization Heterogeneous filings in a mixture
their magnetic property
with sand
Chromatography Separation of components by their Homogeneous Separation of plant
Method of Kind of
Definition Example
separation mixture
affinity to a mobile phase and a pigments on a
Heterogeneous
fixed phase paper
Separation of red
Separation based on centrifugal
Centrifugation Heterogeneous blood cells from
force
blood plasma
Formation of sugar
Crystallization Promote crystal formation Homogeneous crystals from a
water-sugar mixture
Separation based on difference in
Electrophoresis Homogeneous Protein separation
electrical charge
Pass a solid to a gas without going Sand iodine
Sublimation Heterogeneous
through a liquid separation
5. Cite example of separating Techniques that you do at home
Some of the separating techniques we do at home are:
Handpicking
Threshing
Winnowing
Sieving
Handpicking
This method involves simply picking out all the unwanted substances by hand and separating them
from useful ones. The separated substances may be an impurity that has to be thrown away or
maybe that both the separated substances are useful. For example – if you separate black grapes
from green ones from a mixture of the two.
Threshing
This method is mostly done during the harvesting of crops. Normally, the stalks of the wheat are
dried once it is harvested. The grain is then separated from the stalks and grounded into the floor by
beating the dry stalks to shake off the dried grains.
Winnowing
When the grains are collected from the process of threshing, it needs to be cleared out of husks and
chaffs before it is turned into flour. Normally the separation of the mixture is carried out with the help
of wind or blowing air. The husk and chaff are blown away by the strong wind when the farmers drop
the mixture from a certain height to the ground. The heavier grains are collected at one place.
Sieving
It is done to separate mixtures that contain substances mostly of different sizes. The mixture is
passed through the pores of the sieve. All the smaller substances pass through easily while the
bigger components of the mixture are retained.