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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 - Module 3
RESEARCH PROBLEM

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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 - Module 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government
of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such
agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted
to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: GILBERT S. BALNIG

Editors: EXCELSA F. BUAN
Reviewers: JOY G. CABRERA, EPS / DARCY GUY Y. MAÑEBO, EPS
Illustrator: Gilbert S. Balnig
Layout Artist: GILBERT S. BALNIG

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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 - Module 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM

I. Introduction:

Research plays salient and integral roles and contributions to the

educational

system and sector. Addressing various educational issues, concerns, phenomena,

problems and challenges can be most appropriately attained through the application
of

research procedures, methods and applications. Moreover, research also opens ample

opportunities to discover, explore and develop varied educational innovations and

breakthroughs that could benefit the learners, faculty and entire school
community.

II. Objectives: CS_RS12-ld-e-1;2;3;4

At the end of the activity, learners are expected to:

1. familiarize with the guidelines or standards for formulating a research title;

2. comprehend the standards in composing a research rationale, introduction or

background

of the study; and

3. formulate accurate research questions based on research standards.

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 III. Vocabulary List:

Objectives- These are the purposes behind the conduct of the study.

Rationale- It discusses the general problem, specific situations and reasons

for

conducting the study.

IV. Pre-test

Write T if the statement is True and F if it is false.

1. The research title should be highly detailed.

2. The research title should be written in a complete sentence.

3. The research questions represent the objectives of the study.

4. The background of the research should start with the discussion of the general

problem.

5. The population and sampling of the study should be mentioned in the scope and

delimitation.
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Guidelines and Standards in the Formulation of a Research Title

V. Learning Activities
FORMULATING A RESEARCH TITLE

1. The title must be broad enough to cover all pertinent and essential aspects of
the study but should

be brief and concise.

2. The title must contain the following elements:

a. subject matter or research problem

b. the setting or locale of the study

c. the respondents or participants involved in the study

d. the time or period when the study was conducted (if the title is too long
because of these

elements, the timeframe may be omitted)

3. Avoid terms such as “Analysis of”, “A Study of”, “An Investigation of” and the
like in the

title because all these are understood to have been done in a research.

4. If the title contains more than one line, it should be written in inverted
pyramid.

5. When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title should be in
capital letters.

6. If possible, the title should not be longer than 15 substantive words.

7. Avoid a long detailed title that gives detailed information.

8. If the terms such as assessment and evaluation are already emphasized in the
study, these

should be deleted in the title to shorten it.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TITLE

The following are the standard attributes of a good and accurate research title:

1. The title should provide clear information about the objectives and contents
of the

research.

2. The research title should not be stuffy or dull, instead it should capture
what the study

will cover.

3. A research title should be in phrase form rather than a complete sentence.

4. Formulate a research title in a straightforward manner.

5. A research title does not make use of a punctuation.

6. A research title is not underlined or enclosed in quotation marks

Examples of Approved Titles in Various Disciplines

1. Higher Order Thinking Skills in Reading of Freshmen in University of Northern

Philippines, Academic Year 2015-2016

2. Pinay Single Mom: Paghanga o Pagkutya? A Multi-Case Study on the Lives and

Experiences of the Solo Parents in Zamboanga City

3. Establishment of Jackfruit Tea Processing Plan in Barangay Bantayan, Tabaco,

Albay

4. Life’s Adjustment of Yolanda Victims in Tacloban City

5. Awareness on Traffic Rules and Regulations of Tricycle Operators and Driver’s

Association in Brgy. Culiat, Quezon City, Calendar Year 2015

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 DESCRIBING BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH

The background of the study contains information about the significance and
validity of the

research problem. It generally aims to orient the readers to the problem area. It
serves to tackle the

present state of knowledge concerning the problem.

In order to arrive at a good background of the study, the following

questions should be

considered:

1. What facets of the problem are known?

2. What needs further investigation?

3. What approaches have been used in research of the problem?

In the present system of research writing, the background of the study may
follow a certain

hierarchy of discussions of themes, problems and concepts. This can be done by

discussing the

general issues about the research problem in a global or international scale,

followed by tackling the

national issues or trends relevant to the main topic, next is the discussion of the
local scenario. The

legal basis of the study, if there’s any should be discussed in the background,
followed by the

researcher’sImportant
motivationElements
and objective
to beinIncluded
conducting the Background
in the study. of the Research

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Important Elements to be Included in the Background of the Research

1. general situations related to the main problem

2. specific situations observed and experienced by the researcher

3. related concepts and ideas to the problem including important vocabularies

4. discussion of existing or present situations

5. gaps to be filled in by the study

STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research Questions- are also called investigative questions and are the specific
questions

which are to be answered in the study. These are all in question form. Answering
these

specific research questions is important in determining and applying the

appropriate solution

to the problem.

STANDARDS IN FORMULATING GOOD RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. The research questions should reflect objectives that are observable, measurable
or

verifiable.

2. The research questions should reflect clear goals or objectives, stated in

precise goals.

3. The research questions or problems should be limited enough to make definite

conclusions

possible.

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4. The major research question may be followed by minor statements or questions.

Investigative Questions- are the specific questions in topical form that lead to
the attainment

of research objectives and in testing the hypothesis.

This study aimed to assess the status of implementation of DepED Computerization

Program

in the Division of Camarines Norte, school year 2020-2021.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the status of implementation of DepED Computerization Program in SDO

Camarines Norte in terms of:

1.1 manpower

1.2 resources

1.3 materials and

1.4 curriculum and instruction?

2. What are the factors that affect the implementation of DepED Computerization
Program in

SDO Camarines Norte as to:

2.1 economic factors

2.2 academic factors

2.3 physical and technological factors and

2.4 social factors?

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3. Is there a significant relationship between the status of implementation of
DepED

Computerization Program and the cited factors?

4. What are the challenges encountered by the schools in SDO Camarines Norte in the

implementation of DepED Computerization Program in terms of:

4.1 pre-implementation

4.2 during implementation and

4.3 post-implementation?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the status of implementation of

DepED

Computerization Program and the cited challenges?

6. What recommendations may be proposed to enhance the implementation of DepED

Computerization Program in SDO Camarines Norte?

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 VI. Practice Tasks

Practice Task #1

Directions: Put a cross mark on the box that contains the item that should not be
found in a

good research title and check mark for an item that is covered in an ideal title of
a study.

1. Setting or locale of the 2.

“Analysis of”
study

3. 4.
Complete sentence
of
Period of the study
objective

5. 6.
Subject matter of the study “Evaluation of”

7. 8.
Too much detailed
respondents
information

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Practice Task #2

Directions: Kindly identify if each research title below is a good one. Then
justify or

explain why it can be considered as an appropriate research title. If the

research title is

erroneous, justify also what makes it an erratic title. Write your explanations
on the blanks

provided after each given title.

Assessment of the Status of Oplan Kalusugan Program in the Division of Camarines

1.
Norte and Its Implications to the Health-Care Services Offered to the School-Age

Children in Public Schools

__________________

2.

Evaluation of the Pedagogical Performance of BSED Teachers in SDO

Camarines Norte is Important as Basis for Intervention Plan in Line with
Teachers’ Rating System.

3.
Level of Acceptability of the Tracing Guide for Children with Cerebral
Palsy
by the Special Education Teachers in the Division of Pampanga, School Year
2020-2021

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4.
Analysis of the Coping Mechanisms to Emergent Literacy Program of the
Indigenous

Children

____________

5.

Health Practices of MAPEH Teachers

______

Practice
Practical Task
Task 3 #3

Directions: Write a research title based from the situation cited in each item
below. Consider

the standards in formulating a research title as discussed in the prior learning

activities. Write

the title on the space provided below the situation.

Situation 1

The researcher aimed to assess the higher order thinking skills in reading of the
learners. The

respondents were the freshmen students from University of Northern Philippines. The
period

of the study was academic year 2015-2016.

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TITLE: ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________.

Situation 2

The researcher aimed to assess the level of multifaceted police-community programs

of PNP

Camarines Norte. The key respondents were the selected 100 PNP officers in
Camarines

Norte. Another group of respondents was composed of 50 selected residents in the

locale.

The timeframe of the study was 2018-2019.

TITLE: ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

Situation 3

The researcher was curious about the extent of faith healing in Basud,
Camarines

Norte. The respondents were the selected 10 faith healers and 50 selected residents
who have

experiences of consulting and resorting to services of faith healers. The study

also aimed to

analyze the medical, cultural, religious and social effects of faith healing to the
community.

TITLE:

____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.
Practice Task #4

Directions: Based from the discussions cited in the learning activities above,
kindly arrange

the following items based on the standard hierarchy or arrangement of contents of a

good

background of the study. Rank using 1 as the topmost component or the concepts in
the first

or preliminary paragraphs up to 5 as the final component.

a. Local scenarios related to the main problem

b. legal basis of the study

c. global trends or general situation related to the main problem

14
 d. motivation of the researcher in conducting the study

e. national situations related to the main problem

Practice Task #5

Directions: Read carefully the following sample of background of the study.

Kindly encircle

the paragraphs for global scenario, box the motivation and underline the
national scenario.

In a global context, children with autism are one of the most prioritized
recipients of Special
Education programs, interventions and services. Several children with autism are
continuously being
subjected to especially designed curriculum and educational services provided by
Special Education
teachers across the globe. Special education teachers perceive and realize the
academic potentials of these
special needs children despite of their condition including reading skills and
competence. In the study of
Hanes (2013), it was found that autism is one of the most common types of
disabilities among children in
Asia, USA, Europe and other corners of the globe. It was also revealed in this
study that majority or 48
percent of the teacher-respondents were actively engaged in the provision of
special education services
and interventions for children with autism.
In the Philippines, different public schools implement special education
programs that serve to
mainstream special needs children in these schools. These children include those
who are affected by
autism. In order to cater and respond well with the needs of these special needs
children, Filipino Special
Education Teachers continue to expand their knowledge, competence and expertise in
educating these
children through their active participation in teacher-training programs and post
graduate studies. In the
study conducted by Rufos (2015), it was revealed that 53 percent of the teacher
respondents are actively
engaged in teacher training programs centered on pedagogies and services intended
to serve the needs of
special children like those affected by autism.
Special Education teachers from different education districts and divisions
realize the learning
potentials of children with autism but highly observe the vulnerability of these
learners to learning
disabilities including reading difficulties. Several special education teachers
from different local districts
are in fact engaged in action researches and local studies that are centered on the
development and
interventions to address the early reading difficulties of children with autism.
In view of these, this current study aimed to explore on the early reading
difficulties of the children
with autism in Daet District as basis for the development and evaluation of
developmentally-appropriate
intervention materials in line with phonemics. Being a special education teacher,
the researcher has ample
teaching experiences and background in teaching and handling children with autism.
In fact, at present, the
researcher personally handles one child with autism in her class, and her daily
encounter with this child
shows that phonemic reading difficulties are evident among them. Some of these
reading difficulties that
the researcher observes among her pupils with autism are typically in the form of
letter-sound
correspondence or matching the initial, middle and final sounds to the equivalent
vowel and consonant
letters. All these serve as the motivation of the researcher in conducting this
study. The researcher
recognized the potentials in reading of children with autism. However, some forms
of reading barriers
specifically in phonemics need to be addressed and dealt with. The researcher
realized the need to develop
and utilize a developmentally-appropriate intervention material in reading
specifically designed for
children with autism. This was to provide these special needs children with
supplemental and alternative
materials that could serve as intervention to address their early reading
difficulties.

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 Practice Task #6
Practical Task 6

Directions: Complete the following research questions. Choose the correct variables
from the

box below to fill in the research questions.

Trainings attended

Learning
competencies

Length of service

Objectives

Sex educational attainment

Teaching competencies

Computer facilities methods of teaching

employed

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4 ?

2. What is the extent of teachers’ involvement in the implementation of DepED

Computerization Program in terms of:

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5 ?

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Practice Task #7
Directions: Kindly formulate a research question based
on each

situation. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. The identified factors that affect the early language skills of the pupils were
early linguistic

trainings received, teacher’s pedagogical approach, parental support systems, study

habits.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. The profile of the teacher-respondents varies in terms of age, sex, civil

status, educational

attainment, position, length of service and trainings attended in Oplan Kalusugan

Program.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. The study assessed the level of implementation of Every Child a Reader Program
in Daet

North District in terms of curriculum and instruction, faculty trainings,

instructional materials

and resources and reading assessment.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. The challenges encountered by the teachers in the implementation of distance

learning

during the pandemic are in terms of access of learners to technology, alternative

learning

systems, financial support and learners’ motivation and attitude towards distance
learning.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the developed Bread and Pastry Module
for

senior high school students in terms of objectives, contents, competencies, special

features

and assessment.
RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

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 VII. Post-test
Directions: Kindly answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. What is the purpose of formulating research questions?

a. to define vocabulary b. to treat the data gathered c. to

reflect and state the

specific objectives of the study d. to assess and compare the

responses of

informants

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good background of the study?

a. too lengthy b. ambiguous in objectives c. has no motivation d.

discusses the

clear purpose of the study and its legal foundation

3. Which of the following is not encouraged to be included in a good research

title?

a. subject matter b. the word assessment or evaluation c.

respondents d. time or

period of the study

4. What should be the focus of the first or preliminary paragraph in a background

of a study?

a. motivation of the researcher b. discussion of the problem in general c.

legal basis

of the study d. gaps to be filled in by the research

5. Why is the construction of research questions important in a research ?

a. It discusses the foundation of the research.

b. It states the clear objectives and focus of the study.

c. It reveals immediately the solution to the problem.

d. It analyzes the implications of the problem.

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 VIII. Assignment/Additional Activities

Directions: Search for a published educational research about

blended

learning approach. Ensure that appropriate references would be cited. Kindly fill
up the

information about the study asked in the box below.

Title of the Study:

Subject Matter/Focus:
Respondents:
Time Frame:
Research Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.

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 IX. Answer Key

Pre Test

1. F

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. T

Practical Task 1
1. setting or locale of the study – check mark
2. “Analysis of”- cross mark
3. period of the study-check mark
4. complete sentence of objective- cross mark
5. subject matter- check mark
6. “Evaluation of”- cross mark
7. too much detailed information-cross mark
8. respondents of the study-check mark

Practical Task 2
1. Wrong, because it contains the word assessment which is already emphasized in
the study
and the title is too lengthy.
2. Wrong, because the title is stated in a complete sentence.
3. Good, because it is complete in information yet concise and clear.
4. Wrong, because it has no specific locale and respondents and the information is
incomplete.
5. Wrong, because it is incomplete in information.

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Practical Task 3

Situation 1- Higher Order Thinking Skills in Reading of the Freshmen Students in

University
of Northern Philippines, school year 2015-2016

Situation 2- Level of Multifaceted Police-Community Programs of PNP Camarines

Norte,
2018-2019

Situation 3- Faith Healing in Basud, Camarines Norte and Its Medical, Cultural,
Religious
and Social Effects

Practical Task 4
a. 3 b. 4 c. 1 d. 5 e. 2

Practical Task 5
First Paragraph-Encircle
Fourth Paragraph- Box
Second Paragraph- Underline
Practical Task 6
1. ) 1.1 sex
1.2 educational attainment
1.3 length of service
1.4 trainings attended
2.) 2.1 objectives
2.2 teaching competencies
2.3 learning competencies
2.4 methods of teaching employed
2.5 computer facilities
Practical Task 7
1. What are the factors that affect the early language skills of the pupils as to:
1.1 early linguistic trainings received
1.2 teachers’ pedagogical approach
1.3 parental support systems and
1.4 study habits?

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2. What is the profile of the teachers in terms of :
2.1 age
2.2 sex
2.3 educational attainment
2.4 length of service and
2.5 trainings attended in Oplan Kalusugan?

3. What is the level of implementation of Every Child a Reader Program in Daet

North
District in terms of:
3.1 curriculum and instruction
3.2 faculty trainings
3.3 instructional materials and resources and
3.4 reading assessment?

4. What are the challenges encountered by the teachers in the implementation of

distance
learning during pandemic as to:
4.1 access of learners to technology
4.2 alternative learning systems
4.3 financial support and
4.4 learners’ motivation and attitude towards distance learning?

5. What is the evaluation of the developed Bread and Pastry module for senior high
school
students in terms of:
5.1 objectives
5.2 contents
5.3 competencies
5.4 special features and
5.5 assessment?
Post Test

1. C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B

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Reference List

Almadrones, M.T. (2018). Reading Comprehension of Grade Six Pupils in Anita V.

Romero
Elementary School ( Masters Thesis, Mabini College, Daet, Camarines Norte).

Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 2, Practical Research. Pp 35-45, Rex

Publishing,
Sampaloc, Manila.

Barrot, Jessie S. (2018) . Practical Reearch 2 for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing,
Quezon City.

Cristobal, Amadeo Jr. (2016) Practical Research , C & E Publishing.

Dames, Mylene ( 2020). Status of Implementation of DepEd Computerization Program in

the Division of Camarines Norte , SY 2020-2021. ( Masters Thesis, Mabini College,
Daet, Camarines Norte).

Faltado, R. E. (2016). Practical Research 2. Quantitative Research. pp 1-26,

Lorimar
Publishing Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila.

Gabua, M. I. ( 2020). Modern Types of instructional Approaches in teaching world

history of
Grade 8 of Sauyo High School, School Divion of Camarines Norte.

Laderas, J.M. (2020) . Practical Research 2, Research topic, Problem , Retrieved

from
[Link] research 2 ..Retrieved on June 16, 2020.

Padua, M. G ( 2018). The level of Impleentation of Early Language and Literacy in

Talisay
District.

Petalio, M.I. ( 2018). Teaching Creative Science of Grade 5 Pupils in Daet South
District.

Prieto, N.G. Naval, V.C& Carey T.G. (2017) Practical Research 2 For Senior High
School .
Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing Incorporated.

Talbot, D.F. (2015) The Importance of Qualitative Research and the problem of mass
data
gathering. Retrieved from [Link] on June 18, 2020.

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