SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

AND SOCIETY: WORLD

HISTORY
What we'll discuss

Today's Topics
Science and Technology in
different Periods
Ancient Period (ca. 3000 B.C.-
500 A.D.)
Medieval Period (ca. 500-
1500)
Renaissance Period (14TH-
17TH Century)
Industrial Revolution (18TH
Century)
In the 19th Century
In 20th Century
Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. - 500 A D.)
A bit about ANCIENT PERIOD

EUROPE
• ca 750,000 Fire is used by Homo erectus.
• ca 45,000 Stone-headed spears are used in Europe.
• ca 20,000 The wooden bow and arrow are used in Spain
and Saharan Africa. People in Southern Europe use
sewing needles made from bone.
• ca 2000 The Minoans build palaces in Crete.
• ca 1000 Ironworking is introduced in Greece.
• ca 1000 Etruscan craftsmen make false teeth from gold.
Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. - 500 A D.)
A bit about ANCIENT PERIOD

THEAMERICAS
• ca 8,500 North Americans make stone arrowheads.
• ca 8,000 The Folsom people living on eastern side of
the Rocky Mountains develop sophisticated tools.
• ca 6000 Pottery is made in South America.
• ca 2500 People in the Arctic makes flint tools.
• ca 1750 Peruvians build a long canal to irrigate their
crops. ca 1200 Fishermen in Peru makes rafts and boats
from reeds.
• ca 1200 Olmec sculptors carve figurines and giant
human heads.
Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. - 500 A D.)
A bit about ANCIENT PERIOD
ASIA AND OCEANIA
·ca 11,000 The earliest-known clay pots are made in Japan. ca 5200 People in
Iran make wine.
·ca 4000 Bronze is first made in Thailand.
·ca 3500 The plow is invented in both China and Mesopotamia.
·ca 3000 Boats in China are equipped with anchors. ca 2950 A lunar calendar
is developed in China
·ca 2500 Clay pipes are used as drains in Pakistan ca 2500 Chinese doctors
begin using acupuncture.
·ca 2296 Chinese astronomers record the sighting of a comet. ca 1361
Chinese astronomers record a solar eclipse.
·ca 1000 The Chinese begin writing on bamboo or paper made from bark.
·ca 1000 The Hindu calendar of 360 days is introduced in India.
·ca 850 The Chinese use natural gas for lighting.
Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. - 500 A D.)
A bit about ANCIENT PERIOD
AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
·ca 1,000,000 Homo erectus uses stone tools.
·ca 1,000,000 Homo erectus begins chipping flakes off stone: to sharpen
for tools.
·ca 1,000,000 Homo erectus uses antlers to create tools for cutting and
·ca •15,000 In Africa, bone harpoons (barbed spears) are used for
·ca 10,000 People in Palestine build houses from sun-dried bricks ca
7500 Clay tokens are used for record keeping in Mesopotamia.
ca ·6000 The world's first known city is built by the people of Catal Huyuk
in Anatolia (modern Turkey).
·ca 4236 Ancient Egyptians devise a 365-day calendar.
·ca 3500 The wheel is invented •n Mesopotamia. ca 3100 Egyptians begin
using hieroglyphics.
·ca 3000 The Sumerians introduce a 360-day calendar.
·ca 3000 Egyptians dam the Garawi River. ca 2630 Egyptians begin
building pyramids. ca 2600 Mesopotamians make glass.
ca 2300 Babylonian astronomers study comets

Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. - 500 A D.)

A bit about ANCIENT PERIOD

AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

ca 2300 The earliest known maps are produced in Mesopotamia.
ca 2000 Babylonian mathematicians introduce a positional number
system.
·ca 2000 Medicine becomes an important science in Syria and
Babylon.
·ca 1800 Mesopotamian mathematicians discover the "Pythagorean
Theorem".
·ca 1750 Babylonian astronomers compile lists of planets and stars.
ca 1550 Egyptians are using about 700 drugs and medications. ca
1350 The symptoms of leprosy are described in Egyptian text.
·ca 1200 The Egyptians dig a canal to join the Nile River to the Red
Sea.
·ca 1000 The Phoenicians develop an alphabet.
·ca 900 Farmers in Mesopotamia use an irrigation system to water
crops.
Medieval Period (ca. 500-1500)
A bit about MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The Medieval Period also known as "Dark Ages" is

considered to be one of the creative periods in the history
of humans and said to be the start of the first industrial
revolution.
Period of readjustment
Charlemagne (742-814) a medieval emperor who ruled
Western Europe in 800-814, tried to establish a scholastic
tradition.
The later Middle Ages (around 1250-1500 A.D.) saw
advancements in th philosophy of science and the
refinement of the scientific method. Far from being a
backwards-medieval society, overshadowed by Islam and
Byzantium, scholasticism acted as a nucleus for the
Renaissance and the Enlightenment.
One of the greatest inventions during, the Middle Ages
the printing press of Johannes Gutenberg (ca. 1395-1468)
in the 15th century.
Renaissance Period (14th-17th Century)
A bit about RENAISSANCE PERIOD
The term Renaissance is used to refer to the period of rebirth
as age of preparation for the 17th century scientific
development and achievements.
One of the greatest achievements in Western Europe during
this period was the technology of printing books and other
documents.
Many historians prefer to think of the Renaissance as
primarily an intellectual and cultural movement rather than a
historical period. Robert Wilde, U.K. based historian born
April 30, 1977 said that interpreting the Renaissance as a time
period, though convenient for historians, "masks the long
roots of the Renaissance
Polish mathematician and astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543) made one of science's greatest achievement. He
presented the theory of heliocentric where he said that the
sun is the center of the solar system instead of the earth. It
was a major breakthrough in the history of science, though
the Catholic Church banned Copernicus' book.
Renaissance Period (14th-17th Century)
A bit about RENAISSANCE PERIOD

Galileo Galilei (1664-1642) was also a major Renaissance

scientist persecuted for his scientific experiments. Galileo
improved the telescope, discovered new celestial bodies, and
found support for a heliocentric solar system. He conducted
motion experiments on pendulums and falling objects that
paved the way for Isaac Newton's (1643-1727) discoveries
about gravity.
Industrial Revolution (18th Century)
A bit about INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

One of the major setbacks of the Industrial Revolution

was skilled workers were set aside because operation 01
new machines were used.
three important technologies formed the foundations of the
first Industrial revolution, namely, iron production, steam
engine, and textiles.
The steam engine has been around but on improved by
Scottish James watt (1736-1819) and other investors after
1778.
Some of the greatest inventions were introduced by
American scientist Robert Fulton's (1765-1815) steamboat,
Thomas Edison (1847-1931) who invented the light bulb,
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) who Invented the
telephone. English engineer George Stephenson (1781-
1848) developed the first steam-powered locomotive.
In the 19th Century
A bit about 19th CENTURY
the rise of modern industry
During the 19th century, science also made great progress.

John Dalton (1766-1844) published his atomic theory in 1803.

Dalton also studied color blindness.
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) formulated the Periodic Table.
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) formulated the law of the
Conservation of Energy in 1847. In 1851, he invented the
ophthalmoscope.

In the late 19th century, physics made great strides.

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) showed that light is an
electromagnetic wave in 1873 and was later on proved by
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) in 1888. Henri Becquerel (1852-
1908) discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (!859-1906)
discovered radium in 1898.
Joseph Thomson discovered the electron in 1897.
In the 19th Century
A bit about 19th CENTURY
In the late 19th century, physics made great strides.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) showed that light is an
electromagnetic wave in 1873 and was later on proved by
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) in 1888. Henri Becquerel (1852-
1908) discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (!859-1906)
discovered radium in 1898.
In the 19th century, people mastered electricity.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) discovered that electric
current in a wire caused a nearby compass needle to move in
1819.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) showed that a magnet can
produce electricity and in 1831 he invented the dynamo.
Samuel F.B. Morse (J 791-1872) invented the electric telegraph
in 1837.

In the 19th Century

A bit about 19th CENTURY

In the 19th century, machines in factories were usually

operated by steam engines. At the end of the 19th century,
they began to convert to electricity. In the mid-19th
century, railways revolutionized travelling and made
travel much faster. Steam locomotives pulled the
carriages.
Karl Benz (1844-1929) and Gottlieb Daimler (1834-19()0) made
the first cars in 1885 and 1886.
In the 20th Century
A bit about 20th CENTURY
Technology was rapidly developed in the 20th century.
Military research and development brought about the rise of
electronic computing and jet engines.
Radio and telephony enriched greatly and reached a Wider
population of users, though near-universal access was impossible
until mobile phones became affordable for the people in the late
2000s and early 2010s.
the creation of personal computer.
In 1971, Intel developed a microprocessor that computer smaller,
easier to use, and cheaper which replaced the early hat were bulky
and had a tube-powered behemoths.
Steve Jobs (1955-2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950) have redefined the
meaning of computer by introducing Apple in 1976.
the automobiles or cars, which were considered to be one of most
revolutionary technological advancements in the century
Exploitation of the said technology was made possible because of
Henry Ford (1863-1947) 'of devising a system of mass production for
the Model T in 1908.
the invention of Artificial Intelligence developed during 1940's
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