QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY Colllege
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General Education Division
Module 2
IDEOLOGIES AND STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION
Learning Objectives
At the end of this topic module, you should be able to;
1. Identify and understand the different ideologies and structures of globalization;
2. Describe how significant these ideas of individuals who developed ideologies related
to globalization and what is its implications towards the structure of globalization; and
3. Determine which of these ideologies truly capsulizes the idea of globalization as
imposed by nation-states in its relation among themselves and presents a structure of
governance that tailor-fits most progressive states.
Introduction
This module is intended for the college students taking up Contemporary World.
Ideologies are values, beliefs and principles that any person or group of individuals hold
as important and valuable in order to survive the challenging world that we live. Take as
a hypothetical example is the fact that every family in the Philippines, if not the world,
believes that education is the reason for a better and more stable life in the future.
However, the opposite of this may have been proven as wrong by some but still a few
still hold on to the general idea.
This module aims to enlighten students in the tertiary level of the impact that
ideologies create in indoctrinating and proliferating the ideals of globalization based on
the effects it produces to the economic, political, social, and even spiritual, and
educational aspects of a nation. The author would like to encourage learners to expand
their horizons by developing their personal ideologies in life anchored on the existing
global relations of states. Terms and phrases such as ideologies of globalization, market
globalism, justice globalism, religious globalism and others will be discussed as well as
investigating these ideologies underlying globalization in order to endow it with values
and meanings.
Taking issue with Michael Freeden's (2014) sceptical assessment that ‘it is far
too early to pronounce on globalism's status as an ideology’, this article seeks to
establish that globalism not only represents a set of political ideas and beliefs coherent
enough to warrant the status of a new ideology, but also constitutes the dominant
ideology of our time against which all of its challengers must define themselves. This
article relies on three criteria suggested by Freeden to assess the ideological maturity of
globalism. The Core, Adjacent and Peripheral concepts.
On the other hand, globalization is hardly controllable, since it is not only a
process but rather a phenotypical manifestation within the causal systemic world of
economy and politico-social behavior. But how can economic globalization be
modelled? (Research and read the article of Michael Freeden as indicated in the
reference below to understand the article better)
Lesson (Ideology of Globalization and the Structures of Globalization)
The world has become a globe separated by bounderies based on its economic,
cultural and political. It has reached a level where it is easy to get from one state to
another yet very difficult to travel because of so many restrictions. Seversl discussions
on the these limitations have sparked questions on freedom and liberty. From political
experts to a mass of irritated civil society, talks on how globalized the world is today
prevails. But whether all these exchanges have brought a better, more stable
understanding of globalization remains a question. The so called “globalists and
“statists” on one hand versus the “universalists” and “contextualists” on the other. But
beside all these the bone of contention between the two warring factions include the
questions (1) how loose or permeable are the borders, (2) how much authority is
granted to those providing the borders, (3) are there restrictions in the flow of goods and
services taking the social culture of the community, and (4) what reasonable
justifications provide for the impositions of such borders. One typical feature of
community is the so called ‘cosmopolitization’ of the city or state. (How do you picture a
cosmopolitan community? What are its features? Is it similar to the current city or state
that we have? Research on this topic.)
3.1. Ideologies of Globalization in the eyes of the following experts:
The development of an increasingly integrated global economy and the state of
being globalized. (Merriam Webster)
According to Thomas Loren Friedman is an American political commentator
and author. He is a three-time Pulitzer Prize winner who is a weekly columnist for The
New York globalization as the inexorable integration of markets, transportation
systems, and communication systems to a degree never witnessed before in a way that
is enabling corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther,
faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to
reach into corporations, countries, and individuals farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper
than ever before. Watch the link below and understand globalization based on
Friedman’s view.
[Link]
address-at-the-united-nations
According to Manfred B. Steger, Professor at the University of Hawaii at
Manoa. He was also Professor of Global Studies and Director of the
Globalism .Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations
and consciousness across world-time and world-space. Read the link below and realize
what globalization is all about based on Steger.
[Link]
For Roland Robertson, globalization refers to processes whereby the world is
moving toward “global unicity”.
According to Karl Marx, economic globalization is the inevitable result of the
development of world history.
What do Marx & Robertson mean by these statements? Make your research on
this in the internet and discuss the same in class.
According to Theodore Levitt, only global companies will achieve long-term
success by concentrating on what everyone wants rather than worrying about the
details of what everyone thinks they might like. A powerful force drives world toward
globalization, and that force is technology. It improved the communication,
transportation, and travel that facile the trading systems around the world. Almost
everyone everywhere wants all the things they have heard about, seen, or experienced
via the new technologies.
3.2. Structures of Globalization
When one speaks of the structures of globalization the first thing that comes to
mind is how should we understand what globalization is all about. Globalization has
been divided into three important components,
1. Economic globalization,
2. Cultural/social globalization and finally
3. Political globalization
We will try to discuss these three components one after the other and
hopefully in the end, the learners may be able to grasp a picture of the so
called structures of globalization.
We begin with the more popular concept everytime globalization is discussed –
economic globalization. It refers to the global mobility of goods, capital, services,
technology and information to which it is linked and related with the widespread amount
of financial trade in the stock market labelled as the “new economy” in the international
market. However, these activities can only happen with the supervision and perhaps
control of worldwide organizations such as the IMF, WB, and GATT to name a few.
These new economy was brought about by the creation of transnational corporations
that eventually created competiting nation-states in economic power and have has a
tremendous impact on the structure and function of the global economy.
Social/cultural globalization on the otherhand, refers to the increase and fast-
paced travel of ideas, meanings and values and even concrete cultural products from
one nation to another intensifying social relations among peoples even more. Many
incidents in the world today have placed the world in one unison of culture. The diffused
effects of cultures from other states and the embracing attitude of people towards them.
Korean music and movies are shown in the Philippines in Korean language but ever
wonder why it has still made a hype specifically among the so-called millenials, The
influence of the internet that has spawned a transmission of cultures so easily among
people across different continents. Migration is another context worth discussing when
we talk about social/cultural globalization. No wonder the Philippines has an American
ambassador of Korean descent. Have you also not asked yourselves why you love
McDonalds or Colonel Sanders’ Kentucky Fried Chicken more than other local
cuisines?
Finally, political globalization. It refers to the growth and development of the
worldwide political system and the complexities attached to it. Research on the idea of
“Sister Cityhood” among advance cities in the world. Why do national governments
have to establish ties with multinational companies in the local state to provide the
needed infrastructure or services that government should give to its people. This is
because of political globalization. It looks at political arrangements beyond nation
states. The permeation of relations beyond borders. There is a rise in the so-called
supra-territorial institutions that operates on the national all the way to the global levels.
This is the reason why experts likewise envision the establishment and proliferation of
global civil society. Ever wondered why the Duterte administration is so pissed-off with
the idea that two US officials and other foreign dignitaries are asking for the release
from prison and a thorough investigation of Senator Leila De Lima’s case?
These three components make up the structure of globalization at its baseline.
Because some academicians and experts believe there are other structures that make
up the concept of globalization. Can you research on those other structures?
Activity
Identification: Read the content and identify whose ideas is being mentioned, write
your answer on the space provided before each number.
______________1. Only global companies will achieve long-term success by
concentrating on what everyone wants rather than worrying about the details of what
everyone thinks they might like.
______________2.Globalization is refers to the expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space.
______________3. For him ,It improved the communication, transportation, and travel
that facile the trading systems around the world. Almost everyone everywhere wants all
the things they have heard about, seen, or experienced via the new technologies.
globalization refers to processes whereby the world is moving toward “global unicity”.
______________4. Globalization refers to processes whereby the world is moving
toward “global unicity”.
______________5. Economic globalization is the inevitable result of the development of
world history.
Assessment
DIRECTION: Based on the discussion above, write the name of the individuals as
shown:
1)_____________________________
2)_____________________________
3)_____________________________ 4)_____________________________
5)_________________________________
Reflection
Write your own reflection as to how the company were marked by globalization,
to the extent that the reduction of temporal space distances made contact with the
different revelation on how contingent are all institutions and social structure of
globalization.
Assignment
DIRECTION: Watch this thru youtube video channel and make your own reactions how
the story was been delivered, send thru my gmail after 2 days, submission of
assignments after 2 days will not be recognized.
[Link] [Link]
[Link] BBC news story ‘Declining use of “war on terror”’,
References
B. Steger, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003), p. 7.
Crowly, Rauch, ”Positions are Hierarchically Ordered, Not Just Differentiated”2008
pp.65
Durkheim 1997 In the sociological study of the wealth and poverty of nations
Evans “Emergence in the mid-1970s the World-Systems Perspective
Dominated The Sociological Study of Economic Development. “2005 pp 15-16
Manfred B. Steger , “Market Globalism to Imperial Globalism: Ideology and American
power after 9/11Volume 2, 2005 - Issue 1
M. Freeden, ‘Editorial: ideological boundaries and ideological systems’, Journal of
Political Ideologies, 8.1(2003), pp. 3