William Orville Douglas was bors 4m 198 19 US et || rnmins th fonges serving antics th sry athe south following ease maken om “OF Mem | ey can | and Mountains* by Willian O. Dougtla \ | | overcomes It . \ \ CHARACTER SKETCH OF DOUGLAS + adventurous by nature + had a zest for lite + eourageous / bold + indomitable spirit-to overcome his fear not frightened by crisis-accepted it as a challenge. | suMMARY | The story, “Deep Water” tells us how the had developed a terror of water since childhood. When he was Writer overcame his fear of water and tearned swimming with sheer determination and will power. He three or four years old, the writer had gone (o California beach with his father, There on the beach, the | .d him down and swept over him. The writer was terrified but the father who knew, there was waves knockes tio harm, laughed. The experience bred permanent fear of water in the writer's sub-conscious mind. Still another incident, more serious, increased his terror. The writer was trying to lean swimming im the | Y.M.C.A. swimming poo! in Yakima, One day while he was wating for other boys, a big boy suddenly played a dangerous prank and pushed him into the Water. The writer was terribly frightened. He went own nine feet into the water. When he reached the bottom, he jumped upward with all his strength. He came up but very slowly. He tried to catch hold of something like a rope but grasped only at water. He tried to shout but no sound came out, He went down again. His lungs ached, head throbbed and aralyzed with fear. All his limbs were paralyzed. Only the movement of his heart jump up. But this time his limbs would not move at all. He looked for ropes, ladders and water wings but all in vain. Then he went down again, the third time. This time he grew dizzy. He felt pi told him that he was alive. Again he tried to all efforts and fear ceased. He was moving towards peaceful death, The writer was in peace. 1 \GLISH CORE STUDY MATERIA! NARAYANA GROUP OF COLLEGES CBSE+2it ihe \ lewis vernty | Ati ysl sivoug| ler, he wax deprived of The near related activity you read: Paye-20 | fear of water? 1 Why way Domgtay determined «9 got over bowling, swimming, 1 while being in water nental handicap Fenjoying water aetivition like canes | fishing, ote. The wis 4 the craving to regain his lost conten him try every possible way to pet rid of his fear, He was finally able 10 8verconve th himself a swimming instructor and further ensuring that no residual fewe Was Hel Douglas re | 2. How did ¢he instructor "build a swimmer" out of Douglas? The instructor worked gradually on Douglas’ psychology, moved on to his physical movements and wr oUt Of him, Initially, he made Douglas wwim bck and forth | across the swimming pool so that he could get used to il, He used an elaborate mechanism with a vope, bel pulley and an overhead cable to help them stay connected while Douglas was in the pool. Then, one by-one, the made Douglas master the individual techniques of svimming, like putting his head in the water, exhaling iovements of his hands, body, legs, ete. Finally, he integrated these perfected. | then integrated each part to build a swim and inhaling while in water, steps into a whole experience of swimming for Douglas 3. How did Douglas make sure that he conquered the old terror? Even afler the swimming training was over, Douglas wasn't confident about his swimning or that he had overcome the fear. He was determined to completely get rid of it forever, He swam alone in the pool He went to Lake Wentworth to dive, There, he tried every possible stroke he had learnt. He fought back the tiny vestiges of terror that gripped him in middle of the lake. Finally, in his diving expedition in the Warm Lake, he realised that he had truly conquered his old terror. UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 1. How does Douglas make clear to the reader the sense of panic that gripped him as he almost drowned? Describe the details that haye made the description vivid. Douglas takes us through his near death experience at the Y.M.C.A. pool by detailing every little aspect associated to it. He details minutes of his emotional, mental and physical struggle with the paralyzing fear of being drowned in the water, The first person narration ofthe incident also helps us to associate with his experience more deeply. Though he did not lose his wits initially, he panicked when his strategy didnt work. His feeling of suffocation, fear and losing hold on sense perceptions make the readers experience what he does. His eyes couldn't sce beyond the dirty yellow water, His voice did not assist him. His nose and mouth could only manage to take water to the lungs. His limbs became paralysed with fear and his mind dizzy. His desperation to save himself kept him strugeling until he went down the third time and blacked out. All these details make the description vivid. 23 NARAYANA GROUP OF COLLEGES: (CBSE+2 ENGLISH CORE STUDY MATERIALszias overcome his fear of water? [as stew ad Dee aie | i : eo Pa instructor made Douglas a swimmer. When Douglas perfected each pee oe bel es tone z into an integrated one. As a result, in nearly six months Douglas wesCHARACTERS: 2. Balla: not pretty but kind, shy, modest Selma Layeriof About the Author lof (18581940) was a Swedish writer whose stories have been translated into many fanguayes ersal theme runs through all of them: a belief that the essential goodness in 8 human being ean be and love. This story is set amidst the mines of Sweden, rich in iron ore: ids of that country. The story is told somewhat in the manner of ied through understandit re large in the history and, which fh a fairy tale THEME: ‘The theme of the story is thal most human beings are prone to fall into the trap of material benefit However, every human being has an essential goodness that can be awakened through understanding and loped wit the help of the metaphor ofthe rattrap ove ... The theme is de SUB-THEME: The human tendency to redeem oneself from dishonest ways 1 Peddler: dishonest, thief, deceives people, ungrateful-later Edla's kindness & love changes him to an honest, grateful person. 3. Iron Master: helpful, kind, loses patience quickly, loving father. 4. Crofier. friendly loved the company of people, talkative, hospitable, easily trusts others, Summary The Rattrap is a story about a rattrap seller who leads a very poor life as his earings ate very low. He has to resort {0 thievery and begging to make both ends meet He is alone in this whole world and leads a miserable life, So he starts knitting up various kinds of thoughts. ‘One of these thoughts is of supposing the whole world as a big rattrap. His views are that the world offers us various types of baits in the form of comforts of life. ‘return traps us into the rattrap of the world and. leads us to various types of miseries. Every night, the peddier had to search for shelter as he has no home. One evening he was offered shelter by an old crofter. The next morning he stole the crofter’s money which he had earned by selling his cow's milk, To safeguard himself, the peddler chose the path through the forest which was secluded, but soon found himself trapped in the forest as he wasn’t able to find the way out of the dense forest. Later on, he finds a way fo a forge and takes shelter there. Something unusual happens. The ironmaster mistakes him as an old ind invites him to his house. The poor peddler rejects the offer due to the fear of being caught. Soon is invited by the ironmaster's daughter. The next morning he is somehow stopped by the ironmaster’s daughter for Christmas Eve even after being caught that he was a peddler and not Captain Stalhe. ‘The next day after Christmas, when the iron master and his daughter visit the church, they come to know that the man is a thief who had stolen money from the old crofter. The iron master and his daughter repent for sheltering a thieFand wonder at what all things he would have stolen by that time. Here comes a twist as instead of stealing, the peddler gifts the ironmaster’s daughter a rattrap. She finds ¢ letter of thanks and the stolen money inside the rattrap. The peddler thanks Edla for her kindness and requests her to return the stolen money to the erofter. This story gives us the message that goodness in a human being can be 29 awakened at any time with your own good deeds. NARAYANA GROUP OF COLLEGES (CBSE+2 ENGLISH CORE STUDY MATERIAL sellaHow was the peddler treated by the crofter? Ans: The peddler was treated very nicely by the crofter. As svon as he saw the peddler, he put the porridge pot on fire, carved out a big slice of tobacco roll and taking a pack of cards played mjolis with him until bed | | time 2. Why was he amused at the idea of the world being a rattrap? ‘Ans: His own life was sad and monotonous. He was a vagabond, lonely and isolated from any family life || The world had treated him harshly. So it gave him unwanted joy to think of the world in this way. 3. What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap? Ans: After having stolen thirty kronors from the crofter, the peddler walked off into the woods, When even after walking for a long time, he could not come out of the forest, he recalled his thoughts about the world, and the rattrap and he realized that he had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught. 4. Why did the iron master speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home? ‘Ans: When the iron master saw the peddler in his forge, in the uncertain reflection from the furnace he mistook him as his old regimental comrade Captain Von Stable. He addressed the stranger as Nils Olof and invited him home to spend the Christmas with him and his daughter as they didn’t have any guest at | ; . . Christmas 5. Why did the peddler decline the invitation of the ironmaster? ‘Ans: The peddler was aware of the fact that the ironmaster had extended an invitation to his comrade, Captain Von Stable and not to him, Moreover, he was afraid that if he was recognized, he would be caught and his thirty kronors would also be taken away. 6. What made the peddler accept EdlaWillmansson’s invitation? | Ans: Edla’s ability to persuade and convince the peddler to stay on made him accept the invitation. She was compassionate and friendly. She asked him not to be afraid and assured him that he could go away as freely as he came, after Christmas dinner. 7. ‘When did the iron master realize his mistake? ‘Ans: The iron master realized his mistake when he met the stranger the next morning. The valet had bathed him, cut his hair and shaved him. Moreover, he was dressed in a suit which belonged to the iron master. He wore a white shirt, a starched collar and whole shoes. When the iron master saw him in broad daylight it was impossible to mistake him for an old acquaintance now. The iron master threatened to hand him over to the sheriff. 8. How did the peddler defend himself against not having revealed his true identity? Ans: The peddler said He was not at fault. All along he had maintained that he was a poor trader. He hat Tequested to be allowed to stay alone in the forge and it was the Iron Master and his daughter who force, him to go the Manor house. He was willing to put on his rags again and go away. 9. Why did Eda intercede for the peddler? : Ans: Edla had felt very homelike and Christmassy at the thought of having a guest at Christmas, She wi Very happy that she was going to make things for the poor hungry wretch. She could not get out of the id all at once. That’s why she interceded for the peddler.ign himself as Caplan Von Stable? a raty th if he were a real captain and so in tus ie -y e Fdle ms idler ws tected very nicely BY % beh ie in and didn’t want ba i“ € os ois umnself of U i | Rete orth that be could acquit hein es | them that he was really transformed to the level of a capt. oe on vi er finally change his ways? 11, What made ihe pedir Merson without any wife or children ad was never eae! el hy 9g sa icon when he got love, sympathy and good treatment fom Ela it transformed him altoyether fhe ‘Ans: wedicament? \ wr of the rattrap serve (o highlight the human p) ‘As per the m eae raitrap, the whole world with its lands and seas, cities and villages is non big satrap, This metaphor does really highlight the human predicament because just like a bait offerg We find temptations all around us and as on as We ae empted to touch the Bat everthng | he | 12, How does the mi mend, Ans: The Iron Master had not said his last word, The Blacksmith thought so because he knew the tron | Master well that he was man of strong will so if he had decided to take the peddler home, he would do thar whether he wished or not 14, “You do preach worse than a parson”. Who said this and why? Ans: The tron Master said this to his daughter. He said so because just like a parson who preaches and helps the parishioners, she was also preaching her father and defending a total stranger at her own risk } 15, Why did the peddler not undeceive the Iron Master all at once? Ans: The peddler did not undeceive the Iron Master all at once because he thought if the Iron Master thought him to be an old acquaintance, he might thtow a couple of kronors on him [Link] the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter? ‘The peddler betrayed the trust that the crofter had on him by breaking the window pane and Ans: removing the thirty kronors from the leather pouch, He had seen the crofter keeping the money in the pouch and hanging it on a nail near the window frame. 17, Why did Edla entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? Ans: Edla did not think it proper to chase away a human being whom they had invited to their house and had promised him Christmas cheer. She understood the reality of the peddler’s life and wanted him to enjoy a day with them, Hence she still entertained the peddler even after knowing the truth about him. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 18, How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, tht ironmaster and his daughter? Ans: |The peddler was a lonely person without anybody whom he could care or who would care for hiss He led a miserable life without any proper and stable means of living so when the crofter showed him the thirty kronor could not contain his greed to possess them. As the world had never been kind to him, he didn! value the good behaviour shown by the crofter and robbed him of the money. But at the Iron Master's hou 2 NARAYANA GROUP OF COLLEGES, CBSE+2 ENGLISH CORE STUDY MATERIALKept te promis a owed rw env | shen Nuon that sh mei cr Imad hi eran he horace as of humour, How does Ven aye henccs this serve enlightening ‘right from the beginning of the story. Why is this so? \ the peddler as a poor, lonely, miserable person who is gh he works hard and even begs. His physical condition and hunger gleams in his eyes. Anybody can understand by any bait as he was with the crofter's money. But €3, the human in him was alive. When he received eter showed itself out, This is the reason the readerJohn Keats (1795-182 peal ae Die 8 British Romantic poet. Although trained to be a surgeon, Keats decided to Bre epee corey entero i peer tinny end light reer, Na pinay i \ San eiionieann tnd tving his moods and aspirations in terms of language. The following i an Re tO Pee "A Poetic Romance’. The poem is based on a Greek legend. in which pee na shepherd and poet who lived on mount Latmos, had a vision of Cynthia, the noe odes The ented youth eave to sek her ot and so wandered away tough e forest and Theme The poem 'A Thing uty! ee kd i ty’ gives a clear cut message that a thing of beauty (sa joy forever. Itnever passes into paneer: Is replete with innumerable natural objects full of beauty. These enliven our spirits and pall of despondency, misery, sadness and sufferings. Summary A on t Biss is a source of eternal joy, its loveliness grows with the passage of time and its impact never fades away. It is as soothing as a cool shade. It never passes into nothingness. t gives us good health, sound sleep and mental peace. It provides the beholder with a haven of tranquility and solace Man and nature are inseparable. Its the beanty of nature that Keeps us attached to this earth. Every morning we collect fresh lovely flowers and prepare garlands. They refresh our moods anc we forget our worrtes for awhile. of sorrow, suffering and grief. Disease, disappointments and misfortunes Every person gets a bitter taste the beautiful things that remove the pall of sadness from our lives give us mental and physical suffering. Iti and make us happy and hopeful nature are a boon for human beings, The sun, the moon, the trees, daffoils, simpie musk rose etc. provide us peace and happiness. In addition to these lovely poems to lit our spirits. The glorious achievements of mighty Heroes the day of judgment for those mighty men, lovely tles of olden days are endless source of everlasting joy. The post feels tha nothings #5 == the beauty of nature. They are anclixir of life. They are like an endless fountain that pours immortal drink from the heaven into our hearts. So beauty is a gift of God and it gives us joy forever. ‘All beautiful things o} sheep, clear streams, forests ferns, objects of nature, there are plays and and magnificent rewards by God onof toble FY Temoves i SFG Pall Of sadness fom ou Our Hearts of spi 4: We are weaving flowery wreath 0 bind us (othe ew beauties of the Some shape of beauty moves away the pall from our dark ark spirits such the sun the moon Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon for simple sheep; and SHEED; and such are daffy With the green world they live in and cl in and clear rills that for the hot Season ; the mid forest brake, Pit OF themselves a cooting covers make * musk-rose blooms. Rich with a sprinkling of tai Questions a) What removes the pall from our dark spirits? b) What sprouts a shady boon for sheep and how? c) How do ‘daffodils’ and ‘rills’ enrich the environment. d) What makes the mid-forest brake rich? Answers a) Some beautiful shape or a thing of beauty removes the pall of sadness from our hearts or spirits. le sheep as b) Old and young trees sprout to make a green covering, It proves a blessing for simple sheep it serves them as a shelter. yr small streams of clear water . it ) Daffodils bloom among the green surroundings. The rills.0 hemselves against the hot season. make a cooling shelter for U ming ‘of beautiful musk-roses, d). The mid forest brake is made rich by the blo!aur of the dooms saancbico athe grandeur of ad scl) i 2a sine fore ruhty de ft ave have ely tates eat we peard ot read | ay tavely tales Oat ave hea | rial drink fountain of me? | ‘an endless pooring uno us fom the heaven's brink | questions ) Nome the poem and the poet of these lines a Explain: the erandeu of the dooms’ «) What is the thing of Beauly ‘mentioned in these lines? <4) What images does the poet Use 19 these lines? Answers 1) The poem is’A Thing of Beauty.’ The poet's John Keats. 1) The magnificence that we imagine for our mighty dead forefathers on the dooms day. «) The lovely tales of mighty men are mentioned in these lines. ofthe earth. The earth has bestowed us with sun, moon, flowers, rivers, greenery ele. QUESTIONS FROM TEXT BOOK SOLVED QI. List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem. roses. Allof them, are things of beauty. They are a constant source of joy and pleasure. Q2. List the things that cause suffering and pain, Aas: There are many things that cause us one 1 the lack of 4) The poet uses the image of an endless fountain of immortal drink to describe the beautiful bow Ans: Everything of n 5 old and young trees, Clin ‘of beauty and a source of pleasure. Some of them are the sun, he ™ | sn vers, sinall streams with clear water, mass of ferns and the bloomné © aus four suferng. Another snag a uering and pain. Malice and disappointment r= nie ‘o many troubles and noble qualiti il ways sufferings, qualities. Our unhealthy and evil wa) 3. What di yout wns: Keats ‘excrnal. The day keep 4, What ‘Ans. Ther shape of | removes t! Q5. Why Ans: Th achiever mighty ‘mightyol vi a SHANE JOSHI te tn in Chennai di, 10 Web and Girt pets She ce | roshuni Joshi is Poe tod eee cand an MA fromthe 10 Hopkins avery Afr wot | Tuan ort ene Clie 0 Noth Catalin cd 10 nin spares mina : ae en reet in dance. She curren ee ae » drakekha, ed Doshi 10 a creel merely inn ins a rata group She #8 wBelaTe® journalist, and her work bat [ees sein wih Cares the Gurdon the National rand the Hindi She WrieS 9 Teguly | pe ara vr ilgok/Pleator India Non-Fiction Competition column for New Indian Express and ‘Summary «AakademikShokalskiy’, It was heading towards the The journey began 13.09 degrees nom of Jneckpoints, three bodies of cer 100 hours in ear, Beginning of Journey- ‘The narrator boarded a Russian collet, driest and the windiest continent #116 See sr qumor in Madras (Chennai) and proceeded fo crows nine 1 GS aint a est tfroe enoapheren, The journey andes! afi Mavic travelled ov‘ aeroplane and a ship research ship The he world, Antarctica int (Gondwana)- Southern Supereontis six mndred and fifty mon years ago a gia aouiber supercontinent Gondwans did indeed exist | ttoentered roughly around present-day "Antarctica. Human beings hadn't arrived on the global scene. The aaa thar ing wes nach warmer {i supported a huge variety of flora and faut, When the dinosaurs became totally extinct and the age of mammals began, the landmass was forced to separate into countries as they exist today F ‘Study of Antaretica- ‘The purpose of the visit was to know more about Antarctica. It is to understand the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields; ozone and carbon; evolution and extinction. Ninety pet | cent of the earth's total ice volumes are stored in Antarctica, Icebergs are as big as countries. Days go on and on in the 24-hour austral summer light Human Impact- ae nie of our time is Whether West Antarctica Ice sheet will melt entirely 's past, present and future, Antarctica is the plac ci ae lacks of biodiversity, It is the perfect place to study Se eet ene ‘a ee a = big repercussions. Scientists warn that a further depletion of the aah ae f | ee diel ahaa and birds of the region. It will also affect the global oa ei 8 polluted the atmosphere. It has created a blanket ‘of carbon dio: de ae ide around the -NARAYANA GROUP OF Colt rere ire gies a new understan ie yey ca help in say on 1 high schon ; ‘lanwers ana he | nt 0H ghia war OMY | of Climatic Change | mn a eroscopie phytoplanktons are si Leal chatiges in tie atmosphere Ream affect this fanetioning and indvectly ater er OXYHER, Any further doen al es ofall marine animate seai yatk on the Ocean was the most thrilling experience of the Vist The cean They were 52 persons. They were rach one meas donne inner of living, breathing, sak water, Seals were enjoying henae neue OK Puck thee was | vaswondering about the beauty of the place. He wished it would not bese a 28 ee: The narator rallons of years ago. If it happens, the results can be ruinovs Ome a warm place isi sed wo be 0p lA0k and walked on the he of QUESTIONS FROM THE TEXT Read and Find Out- Page No: 19 J. How do geological phenomena help us (o know about the history of hnmankind? | The geological phenomenon of separating various continents and water bodies from one compact landmass tells us about the age of existence of human race on the earth. Six hundred and fifty million years | ago, no human race existed on the earth because the environment was not favorable. After the time when the | dinosaurs were wiped out, the Mammals started existing and after the separation of landmass, the human | nce started flourishing on the earth. | _ Read and Find Out- Page No: 20 1 | | What are the indications for the future of humankind? ! | The future of the humankind can get in danger if the emission of carbon dostapal om Poisonous gases continue in the same manner, These gases deplete the ozone layer = Bs ns ae ‘’ys of the sun to enter the earth's environment. This causes the rise in temperature 0 : "tothe phenomenon called global warming, Increased temperature can melt the ice ofthe ‘ause ther environmental problems, thus jeopardizing the future of human kind Reading with Insight ‘ of this region useful to 1."The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.” How Is the study ws? a the works geological history I F The study of this region of Antarctica gives us insight into ies. I shows how |x about how the earth wes like, before drifted int conunents acount pare bat eee Bes= tion about how the limaty es gan given tbe extant ben BO congo ie mechange te abr OT ae ad Showy sng satire eet mrabfe ro sustain Te, AT dents in the Students on Tee is Green's reasons for including high school stu ire Geol 1 provide them the opporty dl dents to one end ofthe world, 10 PAO ) ee nar He wanted 19 roakee the foture POVIEY-MAKErs to a in life without its Fising temperature, He develop the respect and understanding Shperience how dirticult it would bays been seated them to understand that any foFer n wa students see the ie shelves melting and collapsing, they cam that lie abead in their fat 4. “Take care of the small thin ofthis statement in the context of the Anta for the earth to sustai i ‘an eause drastic repercussions in the fisture, iuess the kind of environmental trou, of themselves.’ What is the relevang, igs and the big things will take care rretic environmen This statement has great relevance inthe context of the Antaretic environment. A small change in ve ae to drastic developments. Antarctica has a small biodivers9- ‘The example of ton can be studied in this context. These microscopic grasses undergo the di serve as food for number of marine birds and animals, The author says if they Taye. it will affect the phytoplanktons and the earbon cycle on the lobe birds and animals. So if we make sure th e of all the marine 4 out properly, the bigger animals and birds will environment can gi sinall grass called phytoplan} process of photosynthesis an 1s further depletion of the ozone This whole process can jeopardize the existene the processes carried out by these small grasses are carrie fall into place on their own. to understand the earth's present, past and future? 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go t0, Antarctica gives us an idea about how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and bow it gor divided into various earth masses, The melting and colliding ice masses also give us an insight into how our future is going to be, if we continue to interfere with the working of nature. Moreover, Antarctica holds in the depths ofits 1ce half-a-million-year old carbon records, which are helpful in understanding the past, present and future of the earth. Therefore, Antarctica is the place which reveals our past, shows out present and helps us visualize our future, ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 1. Why did Geoff Green decide to take high school students to Antarctica? Geoff idn' st high school pend eLiaten ‘aking curious celebrities to Antarctica and he thought of sh af Ge ariing tinea tsltbey yah ae os oo help them to easily understand the serious 'o save the planet from further deterioration. 2. Why is Students on Tee Program a success?are the YOUDBSIETS called the wn ature poticy ma Kets of ss they Brow up. More than th Sliey-makers bec; yoo thal, the mere ase its \ Fare more informed and more ay gi °° eicatd youth nf ey NN il str the yovernment- | por ons are we able to les hates ‘am from Antarctica? 1d8Y i the ho ATE OF the w. sakening strength of the plone Pe for the earth as many | While in Antarctica, we can see ices 1 cajeets While we walk on thin layers of ice cre ukn® Water ji country, We will be socked to heart a go. Youw wer | 228 few yeats ag0. YOU Will see a green pat r€ many times bigger than them present \ ie. Last of all, if you dig a by : a microsc ¥ on i ig. bit, you will be lucky ‘opie grass that feeds the emtire | Zouk plants and binds that got Kile inthe pes ee MS of ala millon yea old Mipe death ofthe planet earth, 18. Fromall this, we are able to learn the lesson | Jevel rising, seals taking sun bath on the er Our feet. We can see icebergs as big as |< what are Phytoplanktons? How are the | o¢phytoplankton teach us? 'Y Important for the earth's survi i? What does the parable Phytoplankton is a single-celled wrass that feeds the entire Souther ocean's marine life. These | novranims eau low degree of temperature for thet survival. But duc to the overheating and the | depletion of ozone layers, their existence is threatened. The message for the humans isto take care of the small things so that the bigger things will also fall into place ¢ How is Antarctica significant in climatic debates? Antarctica is a continent that has a landmass with miles-deep ice, layers over layers. In each of those ayers lie millions- of- years old carbon records ofthe organisms that have existed since the beginning of the cath While pondering over the issue of the future of the earth, these carbon records will enlighten us about the past and enable the scientist to co-relate the past, present and future. | [Link] do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? Geological phenomena certainly help us to know about the history of humankind. A giant southern | percontinent- Gondwana did exist 650 million years ago. The climate was much warmer. It had a huge | variety of lora and fauna, Gondwana thrived for 300 million years. Finally, it broke into separate continents t a they exist today. It was the stage when dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of mammals started. | & What are the indications for the future of humankind? Rapid buman population growth and limited resources exert pressure on land. Burning of fossil fuels al temperature. Melting of ice-caps, depletion of the ozone ‘as only helped in increasing the average glol 4 | yer and loa warming e the real and immediate dangers for mankind. They will affect the lives of all | , {tmarine animals and the birds of the region. ss How is the study of this region useful to 4. The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctic od i i arctica were part of a supercontinent name sata ae ae ee ne ago. The climate of Gondwana was mich eae oy Ed se about 150 million years ago, dinosaurs were | Narmer, It fostered a huge variety of flora ‘ +2 ENGLISH CORE STUDY MAT! NARAVAN« CauiP OF COLLEGES CBSE