Columns & Beam Layout Plan
SAP2000 Model
Deflected Shape
Axial Force Diagram (KN)
Shear Force Diagram (KN)
Bending Moment Diagram (KN)
SEISMIC FORCES (ASCE 7-16)
Site parameters
Site class; C
Mapped acceleration parameters (Section 11.4.1)
at short period; SS = 1.50
at 1 sec period; S1 = 0.50
Site coefficientat short period (Table 11.4-1); Fa = 1.000
at 1 sec period (Table 11.4-2); Fv = 1.300
Spectral response acceleration parameters
at short period (Eq. 11.4-1); SMS = Fa SS = 1.50
at 1 sec period (Eq. 11.4-2); SM1 = Fv S1 = 0.65
Design spectral acceleration parameters (Sect 11.4.4)
at short period (Eq. 11.4-3); SDS = 2 / 3 SMS = 1.00
at 1 sec period (Eq. 11.4-4); SD1 = 2 / 3 SM1 = 0.43
Seismic design category
Risk category (Table 1.5-1); I
Seismic design category based on short period response acceleration (Table 11.6-1)
D
Seismic design category based on 1 sec period response acceleration (Table 11.6-2)
D
Seismic design category; D
Approximate fundamental period
Height above base to highest level of building; hn = 3.8 m
From Table 12.8-2:
Structure type; Steel moment frame
Building period parameter Ct; Ct = 0.0724
Building period parameter x; x = 0.80
Approximate fundamental period (Eq 12.8-7); Ta = Ct (hn)x 1sec / (1m)x= 0.211 sec
Building fundamental period (Sect 12.8.2); T = Ta = 0.211 sec
Long-period transition period; TL = 12 sec
Seismic response coefficient
Seismic force-resisting system (Table 12.14-1); C_MOMENT_RESISTING_FRAME_SYSTEMS
1. Steel special moment frames
Response modification factor (Table 12.14-1); R=8
Seismic importance factor (Table 11.5-2); Ie = 1.000
Seismic response coefficient (Sect [Link])
Calculated (Eq 12.8-2); Cs_calc = SDS / (R / Ie)= 0.125
Maximum (Eq 12.8-3); Cs_max = SD1 / (T (R / Ie)) = 0.257
Minimum (Eq 12.8-5); Cs_min = max(0.044 SDS Ie,0.01) = 0.044
Seismic response coefficient; Cs = 0.125
Seismic base shear (Sect 12.8.1)
Effective seismic weight of the structure; W = 850.0 kN
Seismic response coefficient; Cs = 0.125
Seismic base shear (Eq 12.8-1); V = Cs W = 106.3 kN
Vertical distribution of seismic forces (Sect 12.8.3)
Vertical distribution factor (Eq 12.8-12); Cvx = wx hxk / (wi hik)
Lateral force induced at level i (Eq 12.8-11); Fx = Cvx V
Vertical force distribution table
Portion of Distribution
Height from effective exponent Vertical Lateral force
Level base to Level i seismic weight related to distribution induced at
(m), hx assigned to building period, factor, Cvx Level i (kN), Fx;
Level i (kN), wx k
1 3.8; 850.000; 1.00; 1.000; 106.250;
;
Beam Design for Flexure
I-SECTION MEMBER DESIGN TO LRFD
Try section - W 360x64
h = d - 2 k = 290.0 mm; tw = 7.7 mm; bf = 203.0 mm; tf = 13.5 mm
flange = bf_to_2tf =7.54; web = h_to_tw = 37.40
; Specified minimum yield stress; Fy = 345 N/mm2
Local buckling classification to LRFD B5.1 for x-axis flexure
(I section)
Flange is
COMPACT
Web is
COMPACT
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (X-AXIS)
Flexure about x-axis - yielding limit state to LRFD F1.1
;;; Plastic moment; Mpx = min( Fy Zx , 1.5 Fy Sx ) = 393.3 kNm
; Design flexural strength; b =0.90; b Mpx = 354.0 kNm
; Required flexural strength; Mux = 320.0 kNm
Pass -
yielding (x-
axis flexure)
Local buckling under flexure about x-axis ( I and channel sections) to LRFD Appendix F1
; Resistance factor; b = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength for limit state of flange buckling, Mnx_flange:-
Mnx_flange = if( flange < p_flange, Mpx, if(flange < r_flangeMnx_flange_nc, 0.1 kNm)) = 393.3 kNm
Nominal flexural strength for limit state of web buckling, Mnx_web:-
Mnx_web = if( web < p_web, Mpx, if(web < r_webMnx_web_nc, 0.1 kNm)) = 393.3 kNm
Design flexural strength for local buckling; b min( Mnx_flange, Mnx_web ) = 354.0 kNm
; Required flexural strength; Mux = 320.0 kNm
Pass - local
buckling limit
state
Flexure (x-axis) - summary
;;;; Member is fully braced against lateral-torsional buckling.
Nominal flexural strength; Mnx = min( Mpx, Mnx_flange, Mnx_web ) = 393.30 kNm
Design flexural strength; bMnx = b Mnx = 353.97 kNm
; Required flexural strength; Mux = 320.00 kNm
Pass - flexural
strength
;
Design of Column for Axial Compression
I-SECTION MEMBER DESIGN TO LRFD
Try section - W 310x60
h = d - 2 k = 251.4 mm; tw = 7.5 mm; bf = 203.0 mm; tf = 13.1 mm
flange = bf_to_2tf =7.77; web = h_to_tw = 33.60
; Specified minimum yield stress; Fy = 345 N/mm2
Local buckling classification to LRFD B5.1
(I section)
Flange is
NON-
COMPACT
Web is NON-
COMPACT
DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TO LRFD E2
Unbraced lengths; Lx = 4.800 m ; Ly = 4.800 m
Effective length factors; Kx = 1.00 ; Ky = 1.00
Design compressive strength; c =0.85; cPn = c Pnc = 1103.5 kN
Required compressive strength; Pu = 200.0 kN
Pass -
Compression
Effective
slenderness
ratio does not
exceed 200
BEAM TO COLUMN - CLEAT CONNECTION
Section Details
Column UC 305x305x97;; Gradecolumn = "S275"
Beam UB 533x210x92;; Gradebeam = "S275"
Cleats 2 x RSA 90x90x10;; Gradecleats = "S275"
Bolts M20 (Grade 8.8)
Connection Details
; Bolt eccentricity; abolts = 50 mm
; number of bolt rows; nbolts = 5
; Bolt pitch;; pbolts = 70 mm
; Bolt gauge; gbolts = 110 mm
; End projection; t1 = 10 mm
; Cleat end distance (top & bottom); e1cleats = 40 mm
; Cleat edge distance on beam; e2cleatsbeam = 40 mm
; Cleat edge distance on column; e2cleatscolumn = 40 mm
Cleat length; lcleats = pbolts(nbolts-1)+2e1cleats = 360 mm
; Beam end reaction; Q = 465.0 kN
Check 1 - Essential detailing requirements
; Cleat thickness; tcleats = 10 mm; PASS
; Bolt gauge; gbolts = 110 mm; PASS
; Cleat Length; lcleats = 360 mm
; Cleat length for torsional requirements : PASS;
; Cleats fit between beam fillets : PASS
Check 2 - Shear capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to web of supported beam (taking account
of eccentricity 'a')
;;;; Elastic section modulus of bolt group
Zbolts = nbolts (nbolts + 1) pbolts / 6 = 350 mm
Force on outermost bolt due to moment
Fm = Q abolts / Zbolts = 66.4 kN
Force on bolt due to shear
Fv = Q / nbolts = 93.0 kN
Resultant force on bolt due to direct shear and moment
Fr = (Fv2 + Fm2)= 114.3 kN
Shear capacity of a single bolt in double shear
;2 Psbolts = 183.8 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck2shear = Fr / (2 Psbolts) = 0.622
Shear
capacity to
web : PASS
Check 3 - Shear and bearing capacity of cleat connected to supported beam
for shear
;;
pycleats = 275 N/mm2
;; e1acleats = e1cleats = 40 mm
;; Avcleats = 0.9 (2 e1acleats + (nbolts - 1) pbolts) tcleats = 3240 mm2
; Avnetcleats = Avcleats - nbolts Dhbolts tcleats = 2140 mm2
Effective net area coefficient
Kecleats = 1.20
Plain shear capacity of cleats
PvPcleats = min(0.6 pycleats Avcleats, 0.7 Kecleats pycleats Avnetcleats) = 494.3 kN
Av1cleats = (e1acleats + (nbolts - 1) pbolts) tcleats = 3200 mm2
; Ateffcleats = (e2cleatsbeam - 0.5 Dhbolts) tcleats = 290 mm2
PvBcleats = 0.6 pycleats Av1cleats + 0.6 Kecleats pycleats Ateffcleats = 585.4 kN
Shear capacity of the angle cleat leg; Pvcleats = min (PvPcleats, PvBcleats) = 494.3 kN
;Shear force on angle cleat; Q / 2 = 232.5 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck3shear = Q / (2 Pvcleats) = 0.470
Shear capacity of cleats to beam: PASS
for bearing
ecleats = min (e1cleats, e2cleatsbeam) = 40 mm
bearing strength of the cleat
pbscleats = 460 N/mm2
bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat per bolt
Pbscleats = min(dbolts tcleats pbscleats, 0.5 ecleats tcleats pbscleats) = 92.0 kN
;Bearing force on cleat; Fr / 2 = 57.1 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck3bearing = Fr / (2 Pbscleats) = 0.621
Bearing capacity of cleats to beam: PASS
Check 4 - shear and bearing capacity of the supported beam
for shear
;;
pybeam = 275 N/mm2
; Distance from top of beam to top hole; etbeam = 90 mm
;;; etabeam = etbeam = 90 mm
; ebbeam = Dbeam - etbeam - (nbolts - 1) pbolts = 163 mm
; Avbeam = (etabeam + (nbolts - 1) pbolts + ebbeam) tbeam = 5384 mm2
; Avnetbeam = Avbeam - nbolts Dhbolts tbeam = 4273 mm2
Effective net area coefficient
Kebeam = 1.20
Plain shear capacity of beam
PvPbeam = min(0.6 pybeam Avbeam, 0.7 Kebeam pybeam Avnetbeam) = 888.4 kN
Av1beam = (etabeam + (nbolts - 1) pbolts) tbeam = 3737 mm2
;; e3beam = abolts - t1 = 40 mm
Ateffbeam = (e3beam - 0.5 Dhbolts) tbeam = 293 mm2
Block shear capacity of beam
PvBbeam = 0.6 pybeam Av1beam + 0.6 Kebeam pybeam Ateffbeam = 674.6 kN
Shear capacity of the beam; Pvbeam = min (PvPbeam, PvBbeam) = 674.6 kN
;Shear force on beam; Q = 465.0 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck4shear = Q / Pvbeam = 0.689
Shear capacity of beam : PASS
for bearing
bearing strength of the beam
pbsbeam = 460 N/mm2
bearing capacity of the beam per bolt
Pbsbeam = min(dbolts tbeam pbsbeam, 0.5 e3beam tbeam pbsbeam) = 92.9 kN
;Resultant bearing force on bolts; Fr = 114.3 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck4bearing = Fr / Pbsbeam = 1.230
Bearing capacity of beam : FAIL
Check 5 - Shear capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to supporting column
Shear capacity of top pair of bolts
;;;;; Psbolts1 = min(Psbolts, 0.5 e1cleats tcleats pbscleats) = 91.9 kN
Shear capacity of other bolts
Psbolts = 91.9 kN
Shear capacity of bolt group - sum of bolt capacities
;Psboltssum = 2 Psbolts1 + 2 (nbolts - 1) Psbolts = 918.8 kN
;Shear on bolt group; Q = 465.0 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck5 = Q / Psboltssum = 0.506
Shear
capacity of
bolt group to
column :
PASS
Check 6 - Shear and bearing capacity of cleats connected to supporting column
for shear
;;
pycleats = 275 N/mm2
;; e1acleats = e1cleats = 40 mm
;; Avcleats = 0.9 (2 e1acleats + (nbolts - 1) pbolts) tcleats = 3240 mm2
Effective net area coefficient
Kecleats = 1.20
; Avnetcleats = Avcleats - nbolts Dhbolts tcleats = 2140 mm2
Plain shear capacity of cleats
PvPcleats = min(0.6 pycleats Avcleats, 0.7 Kecleats pycleats Avnetcleats) = 494.3 kN
Av1cleats = (e1acleats + (nbolts - 1) pbolts) tcleats = 3200 mm2
; Ateffcleatscolumn = (e2cleatscolumn - 0.5 Dhbolts) tcleats = 290 mm2
Block shear capacity of cleats
PvBcleatscolumn = 0.6 pycleats Av1cleats + 0.6 Kecleats pycleats Ateffcleatscolumn = 585.4 kN
Shear capacity of the angle cleat leg; Pvcleatscolumn = min (PvPcleats, PvBcleatscolumn) = 494.3 kN
;Shear force on angle cleat; Q / 2 = 232.5 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck6shear = Q / (2 Pvcleatscolumn) = 0.470
Shear capacity of cleats to column: PASS
for bearing
ecleatscolumn = e1cleats = 40 mm
bearing strength of the cleat
pbscleats = 460 N/mm2
For top bolt,
bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat per bolt
Pbscleatscolumn1 = min(dbolts tcleats pbscleats, 0.5 ecleatscolumn tcleats pbscleats) = 92.0 kN
For other bolts,
bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat per bolt
Pbscleatscolumn = dbolts tcleats pbscleats = 92.0 kN
Capacity of bolt group;
Pbscleatscolumnsum = 2 Pbscleatscolumn1 + 2 (nbolts - 1) Pbscleatscolumn = 920.0 kN
Bearing force on bolt group; Q = 465.0 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck6bearing = Q / Pbscleatscolumnsum = 0.505
Bearing capacity of cleats to column: PASS
Check 7 - Local shear and bearing capacity of column flange
for shear
;; etbeama = etbeam = 90 mm
;;; Avcolumn = (pbolts + (nbolts - 1) pbolts + etbeama) Tcolumn = 6776 mm2
; Avnetcolumn = Avcolumn - nbolts Dhbolts Tcolumn = 5082 mm2
;
pycolumn = 275 N/mm2
Effective net area coefficient
Kecolumn = 1.20
Pvcolumn = min(0.6 pycolumn Avcolumn, 0.7 Kecolumn pycolumn Avnetcolumn) = 1118.0 kN
;Shear load on column; Q / 2 = 232.5 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck7shear = Q / (2 Pvcolumn) = 0.208
Local shear capacity of column web: PASS
for bearing
pbscolumn = 460 N/mm2
Pbscolumn = dbolts Tcolumn pbscolumn = 141.7 kN
Q / (2 nbolts) = 46.5 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck7bearing = Q / (2 nbolts Pbscolumn) = 0.328
Local bearing capacity of column web : PASS
Check 8 - Structural integrity - tension capacity of pair of web angle cleats
;Structural integrity tie force; Ftintegrity = 75.0 kN ;;;
eecleats = min(e1cleats, e2cleatscolumn) = 40 mm
; pecleats = min(pbolts, 2 e2cleatscolumn) = 70 mm
;; Lecleats = 2 eecleats + (nbolts - 1) pecleats - nbolts Dhbolts = 250 mm
;;; Ptintegritycleats = select(Gradecleats,“S275”, 0.6,”S355”,0.5,”S460”,0.5,”300”,0.6 -
0.1(45/80),”350”,0.5)Lecleatstcleatspycleats = 412.5 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck8 = Ftintegrity / Ptintegritycleats = 0.182
Local tension capacity of cleats for structural integrity : PASS
Check 9 - Structural integrity - tension and bearing capacity of beam web
for tension
;;; eebeam = min(e3beam, etbeam) = 40 mm
; pebeam = min(pbolts, 2 e3beam) = 70 mm
;; Effective net length of beam; Lebeam = 2 eebeam + (nbolts - 1) pebeam - nbolts Dhbolts
Lebeam = 250 mm
;;Net tension capacity of beam web; Ptintegritybeam = Lebeam tbeam pybeam = 694.4 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck9tension = Ftintegrity / Ptintegritybeam = 0.108
Tension capacity of beam web for structural integrity : PASS
for bearing
;
pbgbeam = 690 N/mm2
bearing capacity of beam web
;Pbgbeamweb = min(nbolts dbolts tbeam pbgbeam, nbolts / 3 e3beam tbeam pbgbeam) = 464.6 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck9bearing = Ftintegrity / Pbgbeamweb = 0.161
Bearing capacity of beam web for structural integrity : PASS
Check 10 - Structural integrity - tension capacity of bolts in presence of extreme prying
;; pta = 300 N/mm2
;;Tension capacity of tension bolt group; Ptbolts = 2 nbolts Atbolts pta = 735.0 kN
Utilisation factor; Ucheck10 = Ftintegrity / Ptbolts = 0.102
Tension
capacity of
bolt group for
structural
integrity :
PASS
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Check 2 - Capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to web of supported beam (taking account of
eccentricity 'a')
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck2shear = 0.622; PASS
Check 3 - Capacity of cleat connected to supported beam
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck3shear = 0.470; PASS
Bearing utilisation factor; Ucheck3bearing = 0.621; PASS
Check 4 - Capacity of the supported beam
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck4shear = 0.689; PASS
Check 5 - Capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to supporting column
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck5 = 0.506; PASS
Check 6 - Capacity of cleats connected to supporting column
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck6shear = 0.470; PASS
Bearing utilisation factor; Ucheck6bearing = 0.505; PASS
Check 7 - Local capacity of column flange
Shear utilisation factor; Ucheck7shear = 0.208; PASS
Bearing utilisation factor; Ucheck7bearing = 0.328; PASS
Check 8 - Structural integrity - capacity of pair of web angle cleats
Tension utilisation factor; Ucheck8 = 0.182; PASS
Check 9 - Structural integrity - capacity of beam web
Tension utilisation factor; Ucheck9tension = 0.108; PASS
Bearing utilisation factor; Ucheck9bearing = 0.161; PASS
Check 10 - Structural integrity - capacity of bolts in presence of extreme prying
Tension utilisation factor; Ucheck10 = 0.102; PASS
