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Stages of Acute Otitis Media Explained

The stages of acute otitis media are: 1) hyperemic stage characterized by inflammation of the middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube, 2) exudative stage where organisms invade and fluid builds up due to tube blockage, and 3) suppurative stage before perforation where the tympanic membrane bulges but does not rupture and fluid becomes thicker.

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2K views1 page

Stages of Acute Otitis Media Explained

The stages of acute otitis media are: 1) hyperemic stage characterized by inflammation of the middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube, 2) exudative stage where organisms invade and fluid builds up due to tube blockage, and 3) suppurative stage before perforation where the tympanic membrane bulges but does not rupture and fluid becomes thicker.

Uploaded by

Nicole Marie Nicolas
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Stages of Acute Otitis Media

Stages of Acute Otitis Media

Hyperemic • First stage of infection > hyperemia of the


mucus membrane of the tympanic cavity, the
mastoid air cells & Eustachian Tube (ET)
• Infection of the ET > ET becomes occluded
by oedema & hyperemia > changes in middle
ear pressure, mucocilliary transport &
surfactant- like substance in ET > retraction of
TM
• Accompanied with otalgia and fever
Exudative • Prolonged tubal occlusion >invasion of
pyogenic organisms > exudate in middle ear.
> TM congestion & bulges under pressure
o If left untreated, fluid slowly building
up due to inc. negative pressure ->
attracts transudate from BV of
mucosa
Suppurative Before Perforation • Rupture of tympanic membrane now
presented with otorrhea but without otalgia
• Attract growth of bacteria > causes fluid to be
viscous

After Perforation • Symptoms:


o Otalgia subsides with onset of
discharge
o Lysis of fever
• Signs: •
o External Auditory Canal may contain
blood- tinged discharge >
mucopurulent
o Pin-hole perforation
Resolution Coalescence • With drainage of the pus and host
(2 stages) defense/treatment inflammation resolves
Can either • Pin-hole perforation heals
result to: • Symptoms:
o Acute symptoms subside
o Ear becomes dry
o Eventually hearing restored
• Signs
o Dry pin-hole perforation
o Later – healed perforation

Complications • If left untreated will lead to complications:


brain abscess, facial nerve paralysis &
mastoiditis

References:
[Link]. 2020. Acute Otitis Media – Knowledge For Medical
In Flint, P. W., & Cummings, C. W. (2010). Cummings otolaryngology head & neck surgery
Probst, R., Grevers, G., Iro, H., Waldfahrer, F., Rosanowski, F., Eysholdt, U., & Probst, R. (2018). Basic otorhinolaryngology: A
step-by-step learning guide. Thieme.

Stages of Acute Otitis Media Hyperemic • First stage of infection > hyperemia of the mucus membrane of the tympanic c

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